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Conference proceedings ; Online: Exploring the heterogeneous link between broadband investment and coverage expansion using Unconditional Quantile Regressions

Jung, Juan / Katz, Raúl

2023

Abstract: One of the primary challenges of the telecommunications industry is to address the broadband connectivity divide. Policy makers, regulators, and network operators are in need to understand the amount of capital required to address this gap and generate ... ...

Abstract	One of the primary challenges of the telecommunications industry is to address the broadband connectivity divide. Policy makers, regulators, and network operators are in need to understand the amount of capital required to address this gap and generate solid evidence upon which policy options and regulatory remedies should be discussed. To date, most studies aimed at estimating the investment associated with broadband deployment have consisted in ad-hoc approaches based on cost modelling based on average estimations, which lack rigor in terms of considering differences in technologies, topography, and population density. In this paper we propose a general approach, based on the use of Unconditional Quantile Regressions (UQR), that addresses the heterogeneities that arise from considering differentiated coverage targets and investment required across the different deployment phases. Our tool was found to successfully account for the increasing investment to fulfil coverage targets. Moreover, it can be applicable to a wide range of countries, as robustness checks conducted provided evidence of being suitable, to some extent, for countries with more geographic challenges (e.g., mountains, forests, etc.). On this basis, the estimated UQR coefficients were also used to simulate 4G, 5G and FTTH expansion for scenarios of accelerated deployments in Latin America, by trading off cost and target network quality requirements. We simulated some coverage goals above the current trends for 2030, targeting on average 98% of the population covered by 4G, 80% of the population covered by 5G, and two-thirds of households passed by FTTH. For the overall Latin America region, the extra capital needed above current investment trends accounts for $17,101 million over the period 2023-2029. Considering this challenge, potential regulatory remedies are considered.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; Broadband ; 4G ; 5G ; FTTH ; Coverage ; Investment ; Digital Divide
Subject code	338
Language	English
Publisher	Calgary: International Telecommunications Society (ITS)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Can digitization mitigate the economic damage of a pandemic? Evidence from SARS.

Katz, Raúl / Jung, Juan / Callorda, Fernando

Telecommunications policy

2020 Volume 44, Issue 10, Page(s) 102044

Abstract: The work presented in this paper uses empirical evidence to highlight the important role digital technology plays in mitigating a pandemic's economic disruption. As extensive datasets including the effect of the current COVID-19 pandemic are still ... ...

Abstract	The work presented in this paper uses empirical evidence to highlight the important role digital technology plays in mitigating a pandemic's economic disruption. As extensive datasets including the effect of the current COVID-19 pandemic are still unavailable, this study provides an assessment of the role of digitization at the time of SARS in 2003. Results are robust in pointing out that those countries with better broadband connectivity were able to mitigate some of the economic losses incurred by the pandemic. While anecdotal evidence is plentiful even for COVID-19, this study provides rigorous analysis to support that a reliable telecommunications infrastructure and a high level of digitization is crucial to keep the economy running under pandemic conditions. These results provide valuable evidence for the current context of COVID-19, which has resulted in several national lockdowns around the world. In consequence, we believe that the public and private sectors must collaborate and work together to promote the enhancement of the digital ecosystem. In the long run, a suitable regulatory framework seems crucial to stimulate private investments to close the digital supply gap, as well as promoting the digitization of business process and the training of the workforce to acquire digital skills. In the short term, we discuss several measures that can be taken to accommodate the expected increases in internet traffic in such circumstances and maintain the quality of service.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0308-5961
ISSN	0308-5961
DOI	10.1016/j.telpol.2020.102044
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Capital humano para la transformación digital en América Latina

Katz, Raul Luciano

(Serie desarrollo productivo ; 219)

2018

Abstract: En este documento se analiza la oferta de programas de capacitación en tecnologías digitales maduras en siete países de la región (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia México, Perú y Uruguay). La mayoría de los programas censados incluyen cursos ... ...

Author's details	Raúl L. Katz
Series title	Serie desarrollo productivo ; 219
Abstract	En este documento se analiza la oferta de programas de capacitación en tecnologías digitales maduras en siete países de la región (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia México, Perú y Uruguay). La mayoría de los programas censados incluyen cursos relacionadas con robótica / control, inteligencia artificial / aprendizaje de máquinas, o big data / analíticos. Como datos relevantes, el estudio indica que el país que ofrece el número mayor de cursos en tecnologías digitales avanzadas es Brasil y el menor, Uruguay. Asimismo, se observa una clara brecha de oferta en los programas de capacitación de alto nivel. Esto tiene un impacto en el nivel y recursos dedicados a investigación y desarrollo en la región. En lo que se refiere a la concentración en tecnologías de avanzada, la robótica y control tienden a concentrar la mayor parte de la oferta de capacitación.Por último, se ha identificado que la educación superior en la región se caracteriza por un sistema fragmentado y diversificado, en el que los sistemas de educación superior privados prevalecen sobre los públicos. En este sistema proliferan las instituciones destinadas a ofrecer programas de formación superior de forma descoordinada, sin responder a una matriz de desarrollo educativo uniforme orientada a aumentar la dotación de capital humano de los países. I. Definiendo el problema de la brecha de capital humano . A. Marco de análisis. 1. Diferencia entre tecnologías digitales maduras y tecnologías avanzadas. B. Metodología de análisis .-- II. Argentina .-- III. Brasil .-- IV. Chile .-- V. Colombia .-- VI. México .-- VII. Perú .-- VIII. Uruguay .-- IX. Analisis comparado .-- X. Implicancias de política pública. A. Promoción de la demanda. B. Desarrollo de oferta de programas en tecnologías digitales avanzadas.
Keywords	Digitalisierung ; Humankapital ; Bildungspolitik ; Wissensgesellschaft ; Vergleich ; Lateinamerika ; INTERNET ; SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACION ; RECURSOS HUMANOS ; FORMACION PROFESIONAL ; TECNOLOGIA DIGITAL ; PROGRAMAS DE EDUCACION ; INDICADORES EDUCATIVOS ; INFORMATION SOCIETY ; HUMAN RESOURCES ; VOCATIONAL TRAINING ; DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ; EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES ; EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS
Language	Spanish
Size	1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	ECONomics Information System

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Article ; Online: Homeostatic synaptic scaling establishes the specificity of an associative memory.

Wu, Chi-Hong / Ramos, Raul / Katz, Donald B / Turrigiano, Gina G

Current biology : CB

2021 Volume 31, Issue 11, Page(s) 2274–2285.e5

Abstract: Correlation-based (Hebbian) forms of synaptic plasticity are crucial for the initial encoding of associative memories but likely insufficient to enable the stable storage of multiple specific memories within neural circuits. Theoretical studies have ... ...

Abstract	Correlation-based (Hebbian) forms of synaptic plasticity are crucial for the initial encoding of associative memories but likely insufficient to enable the stable storage of multiple specific memories within neural circuits. Theoretical studies have suggested that homeostatic synaptic normalization rules provide an essential countervailing force that can stabilize and expand memory storage capacity. Although such homeostatic mechanisms have been identified and studied for decades, experimental evidence that they play an important role in associative memory is lacking. Here, we show that synaptic scaling, a widely studied form of homeostatic synaptic plasticity that globally renormalizes synaptic strengths, is dispensable for initial associative memory formation but crucial for the establishment of memory specificity. We used conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning, a form of associative learning that relies on Hebbian mechanisms within gustatory cortex (GC), to show that animals conditioned to avoid saccharin initially generalized this aversion to other novel tastants. Specificity of the aversion to saccharin emerged slowly over a time course of many hours and was associated with synaptic scaling down of excitatory synapses onto conditioning-active neuronal ensembles within gustatory cortex. Blocking synaptic scaling down in the gustatory cortex enhanced the persistence of synaptic strength increases induced by conditioning and prolonged the duration of memory generalization. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that synaptic scaling is crucial for sculpting the specificity of an associative memory and suggest that the relative strengths of Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity can modulate the balance between stable memory formation and memory generalization.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Avoidance Learning/drug effects ; Conditioning, Classical/drug effects ; Female ; Homeostasis/drug effects ; Insular Cortex/physiology ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects ; Rats ; Saccharin/administration & dosage ; Synapses/drug effects ; Synapses/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Saccharin (FST467XS7D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.024
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Article ; Online: Can Digitization Mitigate COVID-19 Damages? Evidence from Developing Countries

Katz, Raul L. / Callorda, Fernando Martin / Jung, Juan

SSRN Electronic Journal ; ISSN 1556-5068

2020

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.2139/ssrn.3600829
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: KLF5 and p53 comprise an incoherent feed-forward loop directing cell-fate decisions following stress.

Yang, Yizeng / Bhargava, Dharmendra / Chen, Xiao / Zhou, Taicheng / Dursuk, Gizem / Jiang, Wenpeng / Wang, Jinshen / Zong, Zhen / Katz, Sharyn I / Lomberk, Gwen A / Urrutia, Raul A / Katz, Jonathan P

Cell death & disease

2023 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 299

Abstract: In response to stress, cells make a critical decision to arrest or undergo apoptosis, mediated in large part by the tumor suppressor p53. Yet the mechanisms of these cell fate decisions remain largely unknown, particularly in normal cells. Here, we ... ...

Abstract	In response to stress, cells make a critical decision to arrest or undergo apoptosis, mediated in large part by the tumor suppressor p53. Yet the mechanisms of these cell fate decisions remain largely unknown, particularly in normal cells. Here, we define an incoherent feed-forward loop in non-transformed human squamous epithelial cells involving p53 and the zinc-finger transcription factor KLF5 that dictates responses to differing levels of cellular stress from UV irradiation or oxidative stress. In normal unstressed human squamous epithelial cells, KLF5 complexes with SIN3A and HDAC2 repress TP53, allowing cells to proliferate. With moderate stress, this complex is disrupted, and TP53 is induced; KLF5 then acts as a molecular switch for p53 function by transactivating AKT1 and AKT3, which direct cells toward survival. By contrast, severe stress results in KLF5 loss, such that AKT1 and AKT3 are not induced, and cells preferentially undergo apoptosis. Thus, in human squamous epithelial cells, KLF5 gates the response to UV or oxidative stress to determine the p53 output of growth arrest or apoptosis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Apoptosis/genetics ; Cell Differentiation ; Epithelial Cells ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics ; Oxidative Stress ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
Chemical Substances	KLF5 protein, human ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; TP53 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2541626-1
ISSN	2041-4889 ; 2041-4889
ISSN (online)	2041-4889
ISSN	2041-4889
DOI	10.1038/s41419-023-05731-1
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Book ; Online: El estado de la digitalización de América Latina frente a la pandemia del COVID-19

Katz, Raúl / Jung, Juan / Callorda, Fernando

2020

Abstract: La pandemia del COVID-19 es inusitada en la medida de que plantea un desafío al sistema socio-económico mundial. A partir de la aplicación de las primeras medidas sanitarias, sumadas al temor por el contagio, comenzaron a acumularse las evidencias ... ...

Abstract	La pandemia del COVID-19 es inusitada en la medida de que plantea un desafío al sistema socio-económico mundial. A partir de la aplicación de las primeras medidas sanitarias, sumadas al temor por el contagio, comenzaron a acumularse las evidencias anecdóticas que daban cuenta de la importancia de las tecnologías digitales para contrarrestar el aislamiento, difundir medidas profilácticas y facilitar el funcionamiento de sistemas económicos. El propósito de este trabajo es estimar con base en la evidencia empírica la importancia de la digitalización como factor mitigante de la disrupción de la pandemia, así como evaluar cómo está América Latina posicionada para enfrentar este desafío.
Keywords	Ciencia y tecnología ; Comercio internacional ; Competitividad ; Comunicación ; Economía ; Tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) ; COVID-19 ; covid19
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2020-04-03
Publisher	CAF
Publishing country	ve
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Can digitization mitigate the economic damage of a pandemic? Evidence from SARS

Katz, Raúl Jung / Juan, Callorda / Fernando,

Telecommunications Policy

Abstract: The work presented in this paper uses empirical evidence to highlight the important role digital technology plays in mitigating a pandemic's economic disruption As extensive datasets including the effect of the current COVID-19 pandemic are still ... ...

Abstract	The work presented in this paper uses empirical evidence to highlight the important role digital technology plays in mitigating a pandemic's economic disruption As extensive datasets including the effect of the current COVID-19 pandemic are still unavailable, this study provides an assessment of the role of digitization at the time of SARS in 2003 Results are robust in pointing out that those countries with better broadband connectivity were able to mitigate some of the economic losses incurred by the pandemic While anecdotal evidence is plentiful even for COVID-19, this study provides rigorous analysis to support that a reliable telecommunications infrastructure and a high level of digitization is crucial to keep the economy running under pandemic conditions These results provide valuable evidence for the current context of COVID-19, which has resulted in several national lockdowns around the world In consequence, we believe that the public and private sectors must collaborate and work together to promote the enhancement of the digital ecosystem In the long run, a suitable regulatory framework seems crucial to stimulate private investments to close the digital supply gap, as well as promoting the digitization of business process and the training of the workforce to acquire digital skills In the short term, we discuss several measures that can be taken to accommodate the expected increases in internet traffic in such circumstances and maintain the quality of service
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #799409
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: The Basic Physics of Waves, Soundwaves, and Shockwaves for Erectile Dysfunction.

Katz, Jonathan Elliott / Clavijo, Raul Ivan / Rizk, Paul / Ramasamy, Ranjith

Sexual medicine reviews

2019 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 100–105

Abstract: ... clinical efficacy in treating ED. Katz JE, Clavijo RI, Rizk P, et al. The Basic Physics of Waves ...

Abstract	Introduction: Over the past decade, low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) has emerged as a treatment modality for erectile dysfunction (ED). To better appreciate the differences between the various devices for the treatment of ED, it is imperative for physicians to understand the underlying physics of the different shockwave generators. Aim: In this article, we explain the physics of shockwaves by establishing a foundation regarding the basics of waves, specifically soundwaves. We also describe the different shockwave generators available and assess their potential clinical utility. Methods: We reviewed basic principles of wave propagation, randomized controlled trials investigating Li-ESWT for ED and other medical diseases, and individual industry shockwave generator websites, in order to describe the basic physics underlying Li-ESWT. Main outcome measure: We primarily aimed to describe the physics underlying shockwave generators and to provide a framework for understanding the relevant subtypes and adjustable parameters. Results: A wave is a disturbance in a medium that transports energy without permanently transporting matter. In shockwaves, a soundwave is generated with a speed faster than the local speed of sound. Shockwaves are classically generated by three different types of energy sources: electrohydraulic, electromagnetic, or piezoelectric, which all create a shockwave through the conversion of electric potential energy to mechanical energy. Importantly, radial pressure waves do not behave the same as conventional shockwaves and are more like "ordinary" sound waves in that they achieve a significantly lower peak pressure, a slower rise time, and propagate outwards without a focal point. Clinical implications: Li-ESWT is not currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and is considered investigational in the United States. However, it is currently available to patients under clinical trial protocols and it is important to understand the basic physics of shockwaves to understand the differences between the different shockwave devices. Strength & limitations: This is a comprehensive review of the physics underlying Li-ESWT but only tangentially explores the biological impact of shockwaves. Conclusion: Physicians currently using or those contemplating purchasing a Li-ESWT device should understand the basic physics underlying the device, as well as which treatment protocols were used to demonstrate clinical efficacy in treating ED. Katz JE, Clavijo RI, Rizk P, et al. The Basic Physics of Waves, Soundwaves, and Shockwaves for Erectile Dysfunction. Sex Med Rev 2020;8:100-105.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2722257-3
ISSN	2050-0521 ; 2050-0513
ISSN (online)	2050-0521
ISSN	2050-0513
DOI	10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.09.004
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Article ; Online: A Phase 2 Randomized Trial To Evaluate Different Dose Regimens of Low-intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction: Clinical Trial Update.

Katz, Jonathan E / Molina, Manuel L / Clavijo, Raul / Prakash, Nachiketh Soodana / Ramasamy, Ranjith

European urology focus

2018 Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) 336–337

Abstract: Preliminary results from our study provide further evidence that low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy is a safe and effective treatment modality for erectile dysfunction. Our treatment protocol with shockwaves given to men over 2 wk had the ... ...

Abstract	Preliminary results from our study provide further evidence that low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy is a safe and effective treatment modality for erectile dysfunction. Our treatment protocol with shockwaves given to men over 2 wk had the most robust effect.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Clinical Protocols ; Erectile Dysfunction/epidemiology ; Erectile Dysfunction/psychology ; Erectile Dysfunction/therapy ; Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Middle Aged ; Testosterone/blood ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase II ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ISSN	2405-4569
ISSN (online)	2405-4569
DOI	10.1016/j.euf.2018.07.011
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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