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  1. Article: Colonoscopy Quality Assurance and Maintenance of Competency Among Pediatric Gastroenterology Staff Members: A Canadian Center Experience.

    Alaifan, Meshari / Barker, Collin

    Cureus

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 6, Page(s) e26126

    Abstract: Introduction Colonoscopy quality indicators and maintenance of competency skills are relatively well established in the adult literature as compared to the pediatric gastroenterology. One of the suggested quality assurance measures is cecal intubation ... ...

    Abstract Introduction Colonoscopy quality indicators and maintenance of competency skills are relatively well established in the adult literature as compared to the pediatric gastroenterology. One of the suggested quality assurance measures is cecal intubation rate, which is suggested to be >90% in all colonoscopies as per American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) guidelines. Terminal ileum (TI) intubations are essentially required for diagnostic reasons in pediatric colonoscopies as compared to the screening reasons in adults. Maintenance of competency in pediatric colonoscopies has been described in the literature but in smaller studies contrary to the adult ones. The aims of this study are to compare our center's individual and group cecal intubation rates and compare it with the published literature, assess the group's terminal ileal intubation rates in comparison with the published literature, assess the most common reasons for failure to intubate the cecum and/or terminal ileum, and to assess whether the presence of a trainee affects the intubation rates and the duration of the procedure. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on all pediatric patients (0-18 years). Colonoscopies performed over a two-year period at our single center were included in the study. Patients scheduled for sigmoidoscopy and with altered anatomy of their colon were excluded from the study. The endoscopy and pathology reports were reviewed to ascertain whether the cecum and TI were reached. Quality of bowel preparation and any other stated reasons for incompletion were obtained. Clinical charts were reviewed to obtain indication for colonoscopy. Skin-to-skin time, which is the time from starting to the finishing of the procedure, was recorded for each procedure. Results A total of 391 colonoscopies were performed during the two-year study period by six gastroenterologists. The number of colonoscopies per staff ranged from 57 to 89 procedures. The overall cecal intubation rate was observed to be 98.5% (range: 95.9%-98.9%). TI intubation rate was lower at a rate of 83.1% (range: 63.3%-92.1%). The main stated reason for the inability to attain cecum/TI was technical difficulty and poor bowel prep. Daytime colonoscopies were shorter (39.5 minutes vs 50.3 minutes) compared to after-hours ones and had a higher TI intubation rate (84.5% vs 62.5%). No complications were encountered in the procedures. Conclusion Despite relatively low volumes, cecal intubation rates are very high, exceeding suggested standards. TI intubation rates were low, and there was noted to be a high degree of variability. However, multicentric collaborative evaluations are required over a longer period of time to establish relevant parameters for quality assurance and competency in pediatric endoscopy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.26126
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: When the Gut Takes Charge.

    Vijayashankar, Sakethram Saravu / Barker, Collin / Sanatani, Shubhayan

    CJC open

    2020  Volume 2, Issue 5, Page(s) 429–431

    Abstract: Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) is an uncommon but benign rhythm, seen most commonly in children. It is associated with reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction in adults. In children, it is usually seen as an idiopathic finding in the ... ...

    Abstract Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) is an uncommon but benign rhythm, seen most commonly in children. It is associated with reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction in adults. In children, it is usually seen as an idiopathic finding in the absence of heart disease. We present a case of AIVR in an adolescent associated with acute presentation of inflammatory bowel disease. Prompt treatment of the systemic inflammation led to the remission of both inflammatory bowel disease and AIVR. This report emphasizes the diverse causes of AIVR in children and our limited understanding of its pathophysiology. Treatment of the underlying condition resolved the arrhythmia.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ISSN 2589-790X
    ISSN (online) 2589-790X
    DOI 10.1016/j.cjco.2020.04.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Role of transient elastography and APRI in the assessment of pediatric cystic fibrosis liver disease.

    Woolfson, Jessica P / Schreiber, Richard A / Raveendran, Shraavan / Chilvers, Mark / Barker, Collin / Guttman, Orlee R

    Canadian liver journal

    2021  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 23–32

    Abstract: Background: Diagnosis and monitoring of cystic fibrosis liver disease (CFLD) is challenging. Transient elastography (TE) is a rapid, non-invasive method for assessing liver fibrosis. Its role in detecting fibrosis in CFLD has only begun to be explored. ... ...

    Abstract Background: Diagnosis and monitoring of cystic fibrosis liver disease (CFLD) is challenging. Transient elastography (TE) is a rapid, non-invasive method for assessing liver fibrosis. Its role in detecting fibrosis in CFLD has only begun to be explored. The aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) has been validated as a predictor of hepatic fibrosis in other chronic liver diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of APRI and TE in identifying liver fibrosis in pediatric CF patients.
    Methods: Patients aged 2-18 years were recruited from the British Columbia Children's Hospital CF clinic. Patients were determined to have CFLD using standard criteria. Charts were reviewed, and each patient underwent TE.
    Results: Of the 55 patients included in the study (50.9% male, mean age 11.6 y), 22 (40%) had CFLD. All mean liver enzymes were higher in the CFLD group, notably alanine transaminase (
    Conclusions: TE values were higher among CFLD patients and correlated with APRI values, suggesting that these tools may have clinical applications for identifying and following this population. Further research is needed on a larger scale to determine the relative value and clinical utility of TE and APRI among patients with CFLD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-24
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2561-4444
    ISSN (online) 2561-4444
    DOI 10.3138/canlivj-2020-0008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The Experience of a Gluten-free Diet in Children with Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease.

    Kakkar, Rohan / Fung, Alex / Barker, Collin / Foster, Alice / Hursh, Brenden E

    Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology

    2021  Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 25–31

    Abstract: Objective: This study examined overall self-reported adherence to gluten-free diet (GFD) in children with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease (T1DCD) compared to children with celiac disease (CD). Secondary objectives included gaining insight into self- ... ...

    Abstract Objective: This study examined overall self-reported adherence to gluten-free diet (GFD) in children with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease (T1DCD) compared to children with celiac disease (CD). Secondary objectives included gaining insight into self-reported symptoms, barriers to adherence, and experience of a GFD between groups.
    Methods: Children <18 years old who had been seen at BC Children's Hospital for T1DCD or CD were invited to participate in a web-based questionnaire and medical record review.
    Results: A total of 26 children with T1DCD and 46 children with CD participated in the study. The groups' demographics and symptoms of CD were similar; however, a greater proportion of those with T1DCD were asymptomatic at diagnosis (T1DCD 27%; CD 7%;
    Conclusion: Children with T1DCD face specific barriers in adherence that are more impactful compared with children living with CD. These children are more often asymptomatic at diagnosis, and they go on to experience different impacts of a GFD spanning across home and social settings. Given the complexity of having a dual diagnosis, CD care should be tailored specifically to children living with T1DCD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2940642-0
    ISSN 2515-2092 ; 2515-2084
    ISSN (online) 2515-2092
    ISSN 2515-2084
    DOI 10.1093/jcag/gwab013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Does adjuvant steroid therapy post-Kasai portoenterostomy improve outcome of biliary atresia? Systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Sarkhy, Ahmed / Schreiber, Richard A / Milner, Ruth A / Barker, Collin C

    Canadian journal of gastroenterology = Journal canadien de gastroenterologie

    2011  Volume 25, Issue 8, Page(s) 440–444

    Abstract: Background: The role of adjuvant steroid therapy in the postoperative management of patients with biliary atresia (BA) is unclear.: Objective: To systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of adjuvant ... ...

    Abstract Background: The role of adjuvant steroid therapy in the postoperative management of patients with biliary atresia (BA) is unclear.
    Objective: To systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of adjuvant steroid therapy post-Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) on BA outcome.
    Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials and⁄or observational studies that examined the role of steroids on BA outcomes published between January 1969 and June 2010 was conducted. Studies were identified using the Medline, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases.
    Results: Sixteen observational studies and one randomized controlled trial (RCT) were found. Four of the 16 observational studies (160 participants) and the RCT (73 participants) met the entry criteria and were eligible to be included in the analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in the effect of steroids either on normalizing serum bilirubin levels at six months (pooled OR 1.48 [95% CI 0.67 to 3.28]) or in delaying the need for early liver transplantation (within the first year post-KP (pooled OR 0.59 [95% CI 0.21 to 1.72]).
    Conclusion: The present meta-analysis did not find a significant effect of steroid over standard therapy, either in normalizing serum bilirubin levels at six months or at delaying the need for early liver transplantation post-KP. RCT studies of sufficient size and comprehensive design using high-dose steroids are needed to determine the effectiveness of steroids on the short and intermediate post-KP outcomes for BA patients.
    MeSH term(s) Biliary Atresia/drug therapy ; Biliary Atresia/surgery ; Bilirubin/blood ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation/methods ; Portoenterostomy, Hepatic/methods ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Glucocorticoids ; Bilirubin (RFM9X3LJ49)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-09-07
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 639439-5
    ISSN 1916-7237 ; 0835-7900
    ISSN (online) 1916-7237
    ISSN 0835-7900
    DOI 10.1155/2011/125610
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Biliary atresia in Canada: the effect of centre caseload experience on outcome.

    Schreiber, Richard A / Barker, Collin C / Roberts, Eve A / Martin, Steven R

    Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition

    2010  Volume 51, Issue 1, Page(s) 61–65

    Abstract: ... to treatment centre size (A: on average <1 case per year; B: 1 to 3 cases per year; and C: >3 cases per year ... group B, and 2 group C centres. The overall median age at KP was 64 days. There were no significant ...

    Abstract Objectives: : Biliary atresia (BA) is a leading cause of end-stage paediatric liver disease. Standard BA treatment is sequential surgery with an initial Kasai procedure (KP) followed by liver transplant (LT) for patients who progress to liver failure. A key determinant for the post-KP patient survival with their native liver is patient age at KP (older age, poorer outcome). Recently, European studies have reported that caseload experience influences prognosis with centres managing <5 cases per year (UK) or <2 cases per year (France) having worse survival. Our study investigates the effect of caseload experience on outcomes of Canadian patients with BA.
    Patients and methods: : A national database of cases with BA, born from 1992 to 2002, was examined. Patients were grouped according to treatment centre size (A: on average <1 case per year; B: 1 to 3 cases per year; and C: >3 cases per year). Overall patient, post-KP native liver, and LT survivals were compared between centres. Outcome parameters were reevaluated for patients grouped by the largest Canadian centre (>5 cases per year) and all other centres (<5 cases per year).
    Results: : Two-hundred thirty patients were identified among 6 group A, 4 group B, and 2 group C centres. The overall median age at KP was 64 days. There were no significant differences in patient, post-KP native liver, or LT survivals between the sized centres and even the largest centre, with the overall 4-year post-KP native liver survival being 39%.
    Conclusions: : Caseload experience does not importantly affect the outcomes for Canadian children with BA. Although outcomes in Canada are comparable to those elsewhere, national policies directed towards timely referral and earlier age at KP rather than centralisation of care are needed.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Biliary Atresia/mortality ; Biliary Atresia/surgery ; Canada/epidemiology ; Case Management/standards ; Child ; Delivery of Health Care/standards ; Female ; Hospitals/standards ; Hospitals/utilization ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver Failure/mortality ; Liver Failure/surgery ; Liver Transplantation/mortality ; Male ; Ostomy/methods ; Ostomy/mortality ; Prognosis ; Quality of Health Care ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603201-1
    ISSN 1536-4801 ; 0277-2116
    ISSN (online) 1536-4801
    ISSN 0277-2116
    DOI 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181d67e5e
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Biliary atresia with associated structural malformations in Canadian infants.

    Guttman, Orlee R / Roberts, Eve A / Schreiber, Richard A / Barker, Collin C / Ng, Vicky L

    Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver

    2011  Volume 31, Issue 10, Page(s) 1485–1493

    Abstract: Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is associated with extrahepatic congenital malformations in a minority of affected infants. The term commonly applied to this subgroup is 'BASM' for biliary atresia splenic malformation syndrome, as spleen abnormalities ... ...

    Abstract Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is associated with extrahepatic congenital malformations in a minority of affected infants. The term commonly applied to this subgroup is 'BASM' for biliary atresia splenic malformation syndrome, as spleen abnormalities are prominent.
    Aims and methods: To examine clinical outcome in Canadian BA patients with extrahepatic congenital malformations in the Canada-wide BA database of patients born between 1985 and 2002, and additionally, to recharacterized the syndrome. Patients had ≥1 of the following: a/polysplenia, abnormal abdominal situs, intestinal malrotation, abdominal vascular anomaly or congenital heart disease.
    Results: Among 328 BA patients, 44 (13%) had associated congenital abnormalities. Intra-abdominal anomalies included polysplenia (n=25), abnormal abdominal situs (n=9), intestinal malrotation (n=19), portal vein anomaly (n=12), hepatic artery anomaly (n=3) and inferior vena cava interruption (n=20). Twenty-six patients had cardiac malformations including pulmonary stenosis (n=11), ventricular septal defect (n=10), atrial septal defect (n=7), total anomalous pulmonary venous return (n=3), double outlet right ventricle (n=3), tetralogy of Fallot (n=2), atrioventricular canal (n=2), dextrocardia (n=2), bicuspid aortic valve (n=2), hypoplastic left heart (n=1) and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (n=1). Age at Kasai operation, performance of liver transplant, overall survival, post-Kasai native liver survival and transplant survival were comparable to isolated BA. Presence of polysplenia or complex cardiac disease did not reduce post-Kasai native liver survival. Three patients had ≥2 typical abnormalities without polysplenia: thus, splenic malformations are not essential to this BA subgroup. Hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated characteristic abnormalities grouped in a multiplicity of combinations, consistent with a spectrum of defective lateralization.
    Conclusion: We suggest that the acronym 'BASM' be redefined as 'biliary atresia structural malformation'.
    MeSH term(s) Abdomen/blood supply ; Abdomen/pathology ; Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology ; Biliary Atresia/pathology ; Canada ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital/pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Spleen/abnormalities ; Survival Analysis ; Syndrome ; Vascular Malformations/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2102783-3
    ISSN 1478-3231 ; 1478-3223
    ISSN (online) 1478-3231
    ISSN 1478-3223
    DOI 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02578.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Concomitant Therapy with Immunomodulator Enhances Infliximab Durability in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

    Cheng, Julianna / Hamilton, Zachary / Smyth, Matthew / Barker, Collin / Israel, David / Jacobson, Kevan

    Inflammatory bowel diseases

    2017  Volume 23, Issue 10, Page(s) 1762–1773

    Abstract: Background: Data on long-term durability of infliximab (IFX) and outcomes of concomitant therapy with immunomodulator in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease are limited.: Methods: Children with inflammatory bowel disease who received IFX ± ... ...

    Abstract Background: Data on long-term durability of infliximab (IFX) and outcomes of concomitant therapy with immunomodulator in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease are limited.
    Methods: Children with inflammatory bowel disease who received IFX ± immunomodulator were retrospectively reviewed. Predictors of induction response were assessed using a binary logistic regression model and long-term outcomes evaluated by Cox proportional hazards model. Propensity score matching examined long-term efficacy of concomitant therapy in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).
    Results: Among 148 patients (113 CD, 35 ulcerative colitis; median age at IFX initiation 14.09 years [interquartile range 12.16-15.65]), 91% experienced response to induction therapy; patients with CD were more likely to respond (95% versus 77%, odds ratio = 2.63, 95% confidence interval, 1.01-6.85, P = 0.048). Despite dose optimization, secondary loss of response occurred at a rate of 9.01% and 8.33% per year for patients with CD and ulcerative colitis, respectively. A Cox proportional hazards model showed that concomitant therapy >6 months significantly lowered the risk of secondary loss of response in CD (hazard ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.88, P = 0.025). The same trend was observed in ulcerative colitis but did not reach significance. A higher proportion of patients on IFX monotherapy stopped IFX because of loss of response or infusion reactions (55% versus 21%, P < 0.001). Propensity score analysis of patients with CD showed significantly higher steroid-free remission rates for concomitant versus monotherapy at 1 year (78% versus 54%, P = 0.020) and 2 years (68% versus 46%, P = 0.044), and durability of response (P = 0.022).
    Conclusions: These data demonstrate sustained efficacy of IFX in a cohort of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease with durability of response enhanced by concomitant therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; British Columbia ; Child ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Agents/adverse effects ; Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy ; Infliximab/adverse effects ; Infliximab/therapeutic use ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Propensity Score ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Steroids/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Gastrointestinal Agents ; Immunologic Factors ; Steroids ; Infliximab (B72HH48FLU)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-08-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1340971-2
    ISSN 1536-4844 ; 1078-0998
    ISSN (online) 1536-4844
    ISSN 1078-0998
    DOI 10.1097/MIB.0000000000001212
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  9. Article ; Online: Assessing the Accuracy of Fetal Aortic Valve Range Phantom Measurements.

    Collins, Sydney D / Bowers, Alexander / Hua, Kaiyuan / Moore, Cooper / Sethi, Neeta / Miller, Stephen / Barker, Piers C A / Hong, Hwanhee / McCrary, Andrew W

    Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography

    2024  

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1035622-8
    ISSN 1097-6795 ; 0894-7317
    ISSN (online) 1097-6795
    ISSN 0894-7317
    DOI 10.1016/j.echo.2024.01.013
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  10. Article ; Online: Can tissue transglutaminase antibody titers replace small-bowel biopsy to diagnose celiac disease in select pediatric populations?

    Barker, Collin C / Mitton, Craig / Jevon, Gareth / Mock, Thomas

    Pediatrics

    2005  Volume 115, Issue 5, Page(s) 1341–1346

    Abstract: Objectives: The use of screening tests for celiac disease has increased the number of patients referred for evaluation. We proposed that the subgroup of patients with very high tissue transglutaminase antibody (TTG) titers is positive for celiac disease ...

    Abstract Objectives: The use of screening tests for celiac disease has increased the number of patients referred for evaluation. We proposed that the subgroup of patients with very high tissue transglutaminase antibody (TTG) titers is positive for celiac disease and a small-bowel biopsy is not necessary to make the diagnosis. A gluten-free diet should be attempted and, if the patient's symptoms do not improve, then a biopsy should be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
    Methods: A chart review of data for 103 patients who underwent both TTG testing and a small-bowel biopsy was performed. We examined the impact of using TTG values of >100 U and <20 U as cutoff values and suggested performing biopsies for patients with TTG values of 20 to 100 U, as is current practice.
    Results: Fifty-eight of 103 patients demonstrated positive biopsy results. Forty-nine of 103 patients had TTG levels of >100 U, with 48 of 49 exhibiting positive biopsy results. Only 7 of 16 patients with TTG values of 20 to 100 U exhibited positive biopsy results. Three patients with TTG levels of <20 U had positive biopsies; 2 were IgA negative and 1 had a duodenal ulcer. With the cutoff values of >100 U and <20 U with known IgA status, the sensitivity was 0.980 (48 of 49 cases) and the specificity was 0.972 (35 of 36 cases). An incremental cost analysis found that this proposal could potentially decrease the costs of investigation and diagnosis by almost 30%.
    Conclusions: When the cutoff values were changed to >100 and <20 U and IgA levels were verified, the sensitivity and specificity were very high. Patients with mid-range TTG values (20-100 U) or values of <20 U with negative IgA status should continue to undergo biopsies for diagnosis of celiac disease.
    MeSH term(s) Autoantibodies/blood ; Biopsy/economics ; Blood Chemical Analysis/economics ; Celiac Disease/diagnosis ; Celiac Disease/economics ; Child ; Cost Savings ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A/blood ; Intestine, Small/pathology ; Male ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transglutaminases/immunology
    Chemical Substances Autoantibodies ; Immunoglobulin A ; Transglutaminases (EC 2.3.2.13)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207677-9
    ISSN 1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
    ISSN (online) 1098-4275
    ISSN 0031-4005
    DOI 10.1542/peds.2004-1392
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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