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Article: Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy: will it change the future of HIV treatment?

Brizzi, Marisa / Pérez, Sarah E / Michienzi, Sarah M / Badowski, Melissa E

Therapeutic advances in infectious disease

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 20499361221149773

Abstract: The treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has greatly advanced over the past few decades from complex regimens, with high toxicities, multiple daily dosing, and incomplete viral suppression to more simplified, highly effective, daily oral ... ...

Abstract	The treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has greatly advanced over the past few decades from complex regimens, with high toxicities, multiple daily dosing, and incomplete viral suppression to more simplified, highly effective, daily oral regimens. Although these advancements greatly improved access and tolerability, the need for daily antiretroviral (ARV) administration remained until recently. With long-acting (LA) injectable ARV options emerging, patients may choose how they want to receive treatment. By eliminating the barrier of daily medication adherence, LA injectable ARV formulations have the potential to not only improve health outcomes for the individual, but also the community by reducing HIV transmission. At the time of this writing cabotegravir/rilpivirine (LA-CAB/RPV) is the only LA injectable ARV regimen approved as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV in adults and adolescents (⩾35 kg and ⩾12 years of age) who are virologically suppressed. However, additional studies of LA-CAB/RPV in expanded populations, and of other LA ARVs, are underway. The goal of this article was to summarize clinical data and review pertinent clinical considerations for the use of LA-CAB/RPV in the management of HIV.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2728410-4
ISSN	2049-937X ; 2049-9361
ISSN (online)	2049-937X
ISSN	2049-9361
DOI	10.1177/20499361221149773
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Assessing Immunity to Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Among Individuals in Custody Living With HIV.

Poondi, Nivedha / Hou, Jysheng / Michienzi, Sarah M / Patel, Mahesh / Borgetti, Scott / Badowski, Melissa E

Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care

2024 Volume 30, Issue 2, Page(s) 107–112

Abstract: Screening upon entry into prison for hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) provides an ideal public health opportunity to offer vaccination to individuals who are nonimmune. We conducted a retrospective review of HAV and HBV immunity among ... ...

Abstract	Screening upon entry into prison for hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) provides an ideal public health opportunity to offer vaccination to individuals who are nonimmune. We conducted a retrospective review of HAV and HBV immunity among adults living with HIV in the Illinois Department of Corrections between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019. The primary objective was to assess rates of HAV and/or HBV immunity in individuals with HIV. In total, 436 people were included in the study. Of 425 patients who had data for HAV vaccination, 335 were immune. Of 421 patients who had data for HBV vaccination, 272 were immune. Of the 149 patients who were nonimmune to HBV, 22 had active HBV and 6 had an equivocal HBV surface antibody and negative HBV surface antigen. In total, 212 (52%) were immune to both HAV and HBV, and 31 (8%) had no immunity to either HAV or HBV. These data demonstrate an important opportunity to discuss and provide vaccination while in custody.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Hepatitis A/epidemiology ; Hepatitis A/prevention & control ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/prevention & control ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis A virus ; Vaccination ; HIV Infections/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2233559-6
ISSN	1940-5200 ; 1078-3458
ISSN (online)	1940-5200
ISSN	1078-3458
DOI	10.1089/jchc.23.03.0022
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Commonly Reported Mosquito-Borne Viruses in the United States: A Primer for Pharmacists.

Drwiega, Emily N / Danziger, Larry H / Burgos, Rodrigo M / Michienzi, Sarah M

Journal of pharmacy practice

2023 Volume 37, Issue 3, Page(s) 741–752

Abstract: Mosquito-borne diseases are a public health concern. Pharmacists are often a patient's first stop for health information and may be asked questions regarding transmission, symptoms, and treatment of mosquito borne viruses (MBVs). The objective of this ... ...

Abstract	Mosquito-borne diseases are a public health concern. Pharmacists are often a patient's first stop for health information and may be asked questions regarding transmission, symptoms, and treatment of mosquito borne viruses (MBVs). The objective of this paper is to review transmission, geographic location, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of MBVs. We discuss the following viruses with cases in the US in recent years: Dengue, West Nile, Chikungunya, LaCrosse Encephalitis, Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, and Zika. Prevention, including vaccines, and the impact of climate change are also discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Animals ; Pharmacists/organization & administration ; Culicidae/virology ; Mosquito Vectors/virology ; Vector Borne Diseases/prevention & control ; Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology ; West Nile Fever/epidemiology ; West Nile Fever/transmission ; Virus Diseases/epidemiology ; Virus Diseases/diagnosis ; Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology ; Chikungunya Fever/transmission ; Chikungunya Fever/diagnosis ; Dengue/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1027474-1
ISSN	1531-1937 ; 0897-1900
ISSN (online)	1531-1937
ISSN	0897-1900
DOI	10.1177/08971900231167929
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Article: Can vitamins and/or supplements provide hope against coronavirus?

Michienzi, Sarah M / Badowski, Melissa E

Drugs in context

2020 Volume 9

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) quickly became a global pandemic and has been responsible, so far, for infecting 5.8 million and claiming the lives of more than 350,000. While certain medications initially garnered attention ... ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) quickly became a global pandemic and has been responsible, so far, for infecting 5.8 million and claiming the lives of more than 350,000. While certain medications initially garnered attention as potential treatment options, further studies failed to demonstrate great promise but did demonstrate the need to reduce the cytokine storm experienced by patients with this potentially life-threatening virus. Unfortunately, there is no cure on the horizon, but members of the medical community are beginning to evaluate the potential role of vitamins and supplements as potential treatment options or addition to other treatments. The goal of this narrative review is to evaluate current and ongoing clinical trials of vitamins and supplements, alone or in combination with each other or other therapies, for the treatment of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2719560-0
ISSN	1740-4398 ; 1745-1981
ISSN (online)	1740-4398
ISSN	1745-1981
DOI	10.7573/dic.2020-5-7
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Article: Evidence Regarding Rapid Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients Living with HIV.

Michienzi, Sarah M / Barrios, Mario / Badowski, Melissa E

Current infectious disease reports

2021 Volume 23, Issue 5, Page(s) 7

Abstract: Purpose of review: Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is increasingly more common among clinics serving people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). It is recommended by major guidelines and is especially important in achieving ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is increasingly more common among clinics serving people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). It is recommended by major guidelines and is especially important in achieving the Getting to Zero (GTZ) goals by 2030. Patients should be offered the option to initiate ART as soon as possible, preferably at time of HIV diagnosis, with the goal of reducing transmission, morbidity, and mortality. Recent findings: Three published randomized controlled trials, and several other observational, prospective, and retrospective studies, demonstrated superior rates of viral suppression (VS) with initiation of rapid ART compared to standard of care. Improved time to VS and retention in care were also observed. Based on the regimens studied, a tenofovir backbone combined with an integrase strand transfer inhibitor or protease inhibitor is recommended for rapid start initiation. Since ART is started earlier compared with standard of care, there is opportunity to achieve VS at a much faster rate, especially in the setting of starting on the day of diagnosis. What requires further evaluation is whether or not VS is sustained over time with quicker linkage and initiation of HIV care. Summary: Initiating rapid ART in newly diagnosed PLWH provides a promising approach to achieving GTZ. When offered rapid ART, virologic suppression is improved compared to standard of care, which may reduce transmission and, ultimately, new HIV infections.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019948-X
ISSN	1534-3146 ; 1523-3847
ISSN (online)	1534-3146
ISSN	1523-3847
DOI	10.1007/s11908-021-00750-5
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Zs.A 5519: Show issues

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Article: Vitamins, supplements and COVID-19: a review of currently available evidence.

Speakman, Lauren L / Michienzi, Sarah M / Badowski, Melissa E

Drugs in context

2021 Volume 10

Abstract: Background: In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an information overload of health data (both accurate and inaccurate) available to the public. With vitamins and supplements being readily accessible, many have turned to using them in an ...

Abstract	Background: In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an information overload of health data (both accurate and inaccurate) available to the public. With vitamins and supplements being readily accessible, many have turned to using them in an effort to combat the virus. The purpose of this review was to analyse clinical trials regarding vitamins and supplements for the treatment of COVID-19 infections. Methods: Articles were identified through a literature search utilizing online databases and bibliographic review. Results: A total of seven articles were identified for review. All articles evaluated the use of vitamins and supplements for the treatment of COVID-19. Drug therapies included oral vitamin D, intravenous and oral vitamin C, oral vitamin D/magnesium/vitamin B12, oral zinc, oral combination zinc/ascorbic acid, and intravenous alpha-lipoic acid. The end points of each study varied, including the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, mortality, rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, negativity of COVID-19 tests, oxygen requirements, and symptom burden. Conclusion: Of the vitamins and supplements that were studied, vitamin D presented the most promising data demonstrating significant decreases in oxygen requirements, need for ICU treatment, SARS-CoV-2 RNA test positivity, and mortality. All of these benefits were exhibited in hospitalized patients. Other vitamins and supplements that were evaluated in studies did not demonstrate any statistically significant benefits. Common shortcomings of the articles included generally small sample sizes, varying sites of study (which could determine the virus variant), a lack of standard of care as background therapy, and utilization of doses that were higher than standard.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2719560-0
ISSN	1740-4398 ; 1745-1981
ISSN (online)	1740-4398
ISSN	1745-1981
DOI	10.7573/dic.2021-6-2
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Article: Can vitamins and/or supplements provide hope against coronavirus?

Michienzi, Sarah M. / Badowski, Melissa E.

Drugs Context

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) quickly became a global pandemic and has been responsible, so far, for infecting 5.8 million and claiming the lives of more than 350,000. While certain medications initially garnered attention as potential treatment options, further studies failed to demonstrate great promise but did demonstrate the need to reduce the cytokine storm experienced by patients with this potentially life-threatening virus. Unfortunately, there is no cure on the horizon, but members of the medical community are beginning to evaluate the potential role of vitamins and supplements as potential treatment options or addition to other treatments. The goal of this narrative review is to evaluate current and ongoing clinical trials of vitamins and supplements, alone or in combination with each other or other therapies, for the treatment of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #636147
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Antiretroviral Stewardship: A Review of Published Outcomes with Recommendations for Program Implementation.

Michienzi, Sarah M / Ladak, Amber F / Pérez, Sarah E / Chastain, Daniel B

Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care

2020 Volume 19, Page(s) 2325958219898457

Abstract: Persons living with HIV (PLWHs) are at high risk for medication errors when hospitalized, but antiretroviral medications are not often evaluated by antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) because they are not specifically discussed in the standards of ... ...

Abstract	Persons living with HIV (PLWHs) are at high risk for medication errors when hospitalized, but antiretroviral medications are not often evaluated by antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) because they are not specifically discussed in the standards of practice. However, antiretroviral (ARV) stewardship programs (ARVSPs) have been shown to decrease medication error rates and improve other outcomes. The goal of this article is to review published literature on ARVSPs and provide guidance on key aspects of ARVSPs. A MEDLINE search using the term "antiretroviral stewardship" was conducted. Original research articles evaluating ARVSPs in hospitalized, adult PLWHs were included. Six original research articles evaluating unique inpatient ARVSPs met inclusion criteria. All 6 studies evaluating medication errors as the primary outcome found a significant reduction in errors in the postimplementation phase. Based on current standards for ASPs, we propose core elements for ARVSPs. Future organizational guidelines for antimicrobial stewardship should include official recommendations for ARV medications.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/standards ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Antimicrobial Stewardship ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Health Plan Implementation ; Health Planning Guidelines ; Humans ; Medication Errors/prevention & control ; Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data
Chemical Substances	Anti-Retroviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2709037-1
ISSN	2325-9582 ; 2325-9574
ISSN (online)	2325-9582
ISSN	2325-9574
DOI	10.1177/2325958219898457
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Article ; Online: Mycobacterium conceptionense Pneumonitis in Patient with HIV/AIDS

Michienzi, Sarah M / Burgos, Rodrigo M / Novak, Richard M

Emerging infectious diseases

2019 Volume 25, Issue 10, Page(s) 1986–1988

Abstract: ... of M. conceptionense pneumonitis in a patient with HIV/AIDS in the United States. The patient was cured ...

Abstract	Approximately 21 human cases of infection with Mycobacterium conceptionense have been reported. However, most cases were outside the United States, and optimal treatment remains uncertain. We report a case of M. conceptionense pneumonitis in a patient with HIV/AIDS in the United States. The patient was cured with azithromycin and doxycycline.
MeSH term(s)	AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Azithromycin/administration & dosage ; Azithromycin/therapeutic use ; Doxycycline/administration & dosage ; Doxycycline/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacteriaceae ; Mycobacterium Infections/diagnosis ; Mycobacterium Infections/drug therapy ; Mycobacterium Infections/etiology ; Mycobacterium Infections/microbiology ; Pneumonia/etiology ; Pneumonia/microbiology ; United States
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Azithromycin (83905-01-5) ; Doxycycline (N12000U13O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2510.190444
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Zs.A 4778: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Personalizing prevention: Advances in pharmacotherapy for HIV prevention.

Brizzi, Marisa / Sherman, Elizabeth M / Green, Sarah B / Nowicki, Diana N / Drwiega, Emily N / Nicol, Melanie R / Chastain, Daniel B / Sahloff, Eric G / Truong, William R / Cluck, David / Badowski, Melissa E / Michienzi, Sarah M / Durham, Spencer H

Pharmacotherapy

2023 Volume 43, Issue 4, Page(s) 305–320

Abstract: The HIV epidemic continues to pose a significant burden on the healthcare system. Although the incidence of annual new infections is decreasing, health disparities persist and most new infections remain concentrated into different racial, ethnic, and ... ...

Abstract	The HIV epidemic continues to pose a significant burden on the healthcare system. Although the incidence of annual new infections is decreasing, health disparities persist and most new infections remain concentrated into different racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), which involves those at high risk of acquiring HIV to take chronic medications to prevent acquisition of the virus, is key to preventing new HIV infections. The purpose of this article is to review medication therapies for PrEP and examine their role in personalizing PrEP in different patient populations. Additionally, new medications currently under development for PrEP are reviewed, as well as treatment as prevention (TasP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). There are currently four medications available for PrEP: the oral options of co-formulated emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) or emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (FTC/TAF); injectable long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA); and the vaginal ring dapivirine (DPV-VR). FTC/TAF is not currently indicated for persons at risk for HIV through vaginal sex due to lack of studies, but trials are currently ongoing. DPV-VR is available in Zimbabwe and South Africa and has been endorsed by the World Health Organization but is not currently available in the United States. Several agents are also in development for use in PrEP: the novel long-acting injectable lenacapavir, a first-in-class capsid inhibitor, which has no cross-resistance to any existing HIV drug class; the subdermal implant islatravir, a first-in-class translocation inhibitor; and VRC01, a broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) which has been evaluated in proof-of-concept studies that may lead to the development of more potent bnAbs. Overall, PrEP is highly effective at preventing HIV infection in high-risk populations. Identifying optimal PrEP regimens in different patient populations is complex and must consider patient-specific factors and medication cost and access considerations. Lastly, providers should consider individual patient preferences with regard to prevention to improve access, retention in care, and adherence.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; United States ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Emtricitabine/therapeutic use ; Anti-HIV Agents
Chemical Substances	Emtricitabine (G70B4ETF4S) ; Anti-HIV Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	603158-4
ISSN	1875-9114 ; 0277-0008
ISSN (online)	1875-9114
ISSN	0277-0008
DOI	10.1002/phar.2796
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