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  1. Article ; Online: Language and language disorders: neuroscience to clinical practice.

    O'Sullivan, Michael / Brownsett, Sonia / Copland, David

    Practical neurology

    2019  Volume 19, Issue 5, Page(s) 380–388

    Abstract: Language disorders are common in neurological practice but their accurate recognition and description can be challenging. In this review, we summarise the major landmarks in the understanding of language disorders and the organisation of language in the ... ...

    Abstract Language disorders are common in neurological practice but their accurate recognition and description can be challenging. In this review, we summarise the major landmarks in the understanding of language disorders and the organisation of language in the brain. We describe approaches to assessing language disorders at the bedside or in the clinic as well as the treatment and rehabilitation of aphasia. Finally, we describe how the field of neuroscience is providing new computational and neuroscientific approaches to study the mechanisms of recovery and rehabilitation of aphasia.
    MeSH term(s) Aphasia/physiopathology ; Aphasia/rehabilitation ; Brain/physiopathology ; Humans ; Language ; Language Disorders/physiopathology ; Language Disorders/rehabilitation ; Neurosciences ; Stroke/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2170881-2
    ISSN 1474-7766 ; 1474-7758
    ISSN (online) 1474-7766
    ISSN 1474-7758
    DOI 10.1136/practneurol-2018-001961
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book: Dynamic chiropractic today

    Copland-Griffiths, Michael C.

    the complete and authoritative guide to this major therapy

    1991  

    Author's details Michael Copland-Griffiths
    Keywords Chiropractic
    Size 288 S. : Ill.
    Publisher Thorsons
    Publishing place Wellingborough
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT003791274
    ISBN 0-7225-1595-2 ; 978-0-7225-1595-2
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  3. Article ; Online: Perceptions of Multidisciplinary Renal Team Members toward Home Dialysis Therapies.

    Poinen, Krishna / Van Der Hoek, Mary / Copland, Michael A / Tennankore, Karthik / Canney, Mark

    Kidney360

    2021  Volume 2, Issue 10, Page(s) 1592–1599

    Abstract: Background: Patients with ESKD are encouraged to pursue home dialysis therapy with the aims of improving quality of life, increasing patient autonomy, and reducing cost to health care systems. In a multidisciplinary team setting, patients interact with ... ...

    Abstract Background: Patients with ESKD are encouraged to pursue home dialysis therapy with the aims of improving quality of life, increasing patient autonomy, and reducing cost to health care systems. In a multidisciplinary team setting, patients interact with nephrologists, nurses, and allied health staff, all of whom may influence a patient's modality choice. Our objective was to evaluate the perceptions of all renal team members toward home dialysis therapies.
    Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey of multidisciplinary renal team members across five renal programs in British Columbia, Canada. The survey contained questions regarding primary work area, modality preference, patient and system factors that may influence modality candidacy, perceived knowledge of home therapies, and need for further education.
    Results: A total of 334 respondents (22 nephrologists, 172 hemodialysis nurses, 49 home nurses, 20 predialysis nurses, and 71 allied health staff) were included (48% response rate). All respondents felt that home dialysis was beneficial for patients who work or study, improved patients' quality of life, and provided cost savings to the system. Compared with in-center hemodialysis nurses, home therapies nurses were between five and nine times more likely to favor a home therapy for patients of older age, lower socioeconomic status, lower educational level, higher burden of comorbidities, and those lacking social supports. Nephrologists and patients were felt to have the most influence on modality choice, whereas dialysis nurses were seen as having the least effect on modality choice. Most respondents felt the need for further education in home therapies.
    Conclusions: The majority of multidisciplinary team members, including allied health staff, acknowledged the benefits of home therapies. There were significant discrepancies among team members regarding patient-/system-level factors that may affect the candidacy of home therapies. Structured, focused, and repeated education sessions for all renal team members may help to address misperceptions around factors that influence modality candidacy.
    MeSH term(s) British Columbia ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hemodialysis, Home ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Renal Dialysis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2641-7650
    ISSN (online) 2641-7650
    DOI 10.34067/KID.0006222020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Maintaining the Uptake of Peritoneal Dialysis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Research Letter.

    Canney, Mark / Er, Lee / Antonsen, John / Copland, Michael / Singh, Rajinder Suneet / Levin, Adeera

    Canadian journal of kidney health and disease

    2021  Volume 8, Page(s) 2054358120986265

    Abstract: Background: Due to inherent challenges in maintaining physical distancing in hemodialysis units, the Canadian Society of Nephrology has recommended peritoneal dialysis as the preferred modality for patients requiring maintenance dialysis during the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Due to inherent challenges in maintaining physical distancing in hemodialysis units, the Canadian Society of Nephrology has recommended peritoneal dialysis as the preferred modality for patients requiring maintenance dialysis during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, pursuing peritoneal dialysis is not without risk due to the requirement for in-person contact during catheter insertion and training, and there is a paucity of data regarding the experience of peritoneal dialysis during the early phases of the pandemic.
    Objective: To examine the incidence and outcomes of peritoneal dialysis between March 17 and June 01, 2020 compared to the same time period in preceding years.
    Design: Retrospective observational study.
    Setting: British Columbia, Canada. After the pandemic was declared on March 17, 2020, patients continued to be trained in peritoneal dialysis. In an effort to limit time spent in hospital, patients were preferentially trained in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, training times were truncated for some patients, and peritoneal dialysis catheters were inserted by a physician at the bedside whenever feasible.
    Patients: All patients aged >18 years who started chronic maintenance dialysis during the period March 17 to June 01 in the years 2018 to 2020 inclusive. The time period was extended to include the years 2010 to 2020 inclusive to evaluate longer term trends in dialysis incidence.
    Measurements: A provincial clinical information system was used to capture the date of commencing dialysis, dialysis modality, and complications including peritonitis. Overall uptake of peritoneal dialysis included new starts and transitions to peritoneal dialysis from in-center hemodialysis during the observation period.
    Methods: The incidence of dialysis during the specified time period, overall and by modality, was calculated per million population using census figures for the population at risk. Patients were followed for a minimum of 30 days from the start of peritoneal dialysis to capture episodes of peritonitis and COVID-19.
    Results: A total of 211 patients started maintenance dialysis between March 17 and June 01, 2020. The incidence dialysis rate (41.3 per million population) was lower than that expected based on the 10-year trend from 2010 to 2019 inclusive (expected rate 45.7 per million population, 95% confidence interval 41.7 to 50.1). A total of 93 patients started peritoneal dialysis, including 32 patients who transitioned from in-center hemodialysis, contributing to a higher overall uptake of peritoneal dialysis compared to preceding years. The incidence rate for peritoneal dialysis of 18.2 per million population was higher than that expected (16.3 per million population, 95% confidence interval 14.0 to 19.0). Half of patients (48%) underwent a bedside peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion by a physician. During 30 days of follow-up, 2 (2.2%) patients experienced peritonitis and no patients were diagnosed with COVID-19.
    Limitations: Results are short term and generalizable only to regions with similarly low community rates of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
    Conclusions: These preliminary findings indicate that peritoneal dialysis can be safely started and perhaps expanded as a means of mitigating the anticipated surge in in-center hemodialysis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Important contributors to the uptake of peritoneal dialysis in British Columbia were bedside catheter insertions and expediting transitions from in-center hemodialysis to peritoneal dialysis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2765462-X
    ISSN 2054-3581
    ISSN 2054-3581
    DOI 10.1177/2054358120986265
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Quantifying Missed Opportunities for Recruitment to Home Dialysis Therapies.

    Poinen, Krishna / Er, Lee / Copland, Michael A / Singh, Rajinder S / Canney, Mark

    Canadian journal of kidney health and disease

    2021  Volume 8, Page(s) 2054358121993250

    Abstract: Background: Despite the recognized benefits of home therapies for patients and the health care system, most individuals with kidney failure in Canada continue to be initiated on in-center hemodialysis. To optimize recruitment to home therapies, there is ...

    Abstract Background: Despite the recognized benefits of home therapies for patients and the health care system, most individuals with kidney failure in Canada continue to be initiated on in-center hemodialysis. To optimize recruitment to home therapies, there is a need for programs to better understand the extent to which potential candidates are not successfully initiated on these therapies.
    Objective: We aimed to quantify missed opportunities to recruit patients to home therapies and explore where in the modality selection process this occurs.
    Design: Retrospective observational study.
    Setting: British Columbia, Canada.
    Patients: All patients aged >18 years who started chronic dialysis in British Columbia between January 01, 2015, and December 31, 2017. The sample was further restricted to include patients who received at least 3 months of predialysis care. All patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months from the start of dialysis to capture any transition to home therapies.
    Methods: Cases were defined as a "missed opportunity" if a patient had chosen a home therapy, or remained undecided about their preferred modality, and ultimately received in-center hemodialysis as their destination therapy. These cases were assessed for: (1) documentation of a contraindication to home therapies; and (2) the type of dialysis education received. Differences in characteristics among patients classified as an appropriate outcome or a missed opportunity were examined using Wilcoxon rank-sum test or χ
    Results: Of the 1845 patients who started chronic dialysis during the study period, 635 (34%) were initiated on a home therapy. A total of 320 (17.3%) missed opportunities were identified, with 165 (8.9%) having initially chosen a home therapy and 155 (8.4%) being undecided about their preferred modality. Compared with patients who chose and initiated or transitioned to a home therapy, those identified as a missed opportunity tended to be older with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. A contraindication to both peritoneal dialysis and home hemodialysis was documented in 8 "missed opportunity" patients. General modality orientation was provided to most (71%) patients who had initially chosen a home therapy but who ultimately received in-center hemodialysis. These patients received less home therapy-specific education compared with patients who chose and subsequently started a home therapy (20% vs 35%,
    Limitations: Contraindications to home therapies were potentially under-ascertained, and the nature of contraindications was not systematically captured.
    Conclusions: Even within a mature home therapy program, we discovered a substantial number of missed opportunities to recruit patients to home therapies. Better characterization of modality contraindications and enhanced education that is specific to home therapies may be of benefit. Mapping the recruitment pathway in this way can define the magnitude of missed opportunities and identify areas that could be optimized. This is to be encouraged, as even small incremental improvements in the uptake of home therapies could lead to better patient outcomes and contribute to significant cost savings for the health care system.
    Trial registration: Not applicable as this was a qualitative study.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2765462-X
    ISSN 2054-3581
    ISSN 2054-3581
    DOI 10.1177/2054358121993250
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Type B lactic acidosis from fluorouracil in fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and leucovorin treatment for carcinoma of the colon in a hemodialysis patient.

    Yeung, Emily K / Copland, Michael A / Gill, Sharlene

    Clinical kidney journal

    2018  Volume 11, Issue 6, Page(s) 786–787

    Abstract: Type B lactic acidosis complicating malignancies is rare. Increased lactate production from abnormal metabolism of tumor tissue and extensive liver metastases impairing clearance are usual causes. Fluorouracil, commonly used as adjuvant cancer ... ...

    Abstract Type B lactic acidosis complicating malignancies is rare. Increased lactate production from abnormal metabolism of tumor tissue and extensive liver metastases impairing clearance are usual causes. Fluorouracil, commonly used as adjuvant cancer chemotherapy, is not well recognized among drugs that can lead to lactic acidosis. We report a hemodialysis patient, tumor free after surgery for colon carcinoma, developing acute severe lactic acidosis and encephalopathy. Pharmacogenetic studies failed to show common variants predisposing to the more typical patterns of fluorouracil toxicity. Routine monitoring of hemodialysis patients after fluorouracil is the only practical way to detect this potentially lethal complication.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2655800-2
    ISSN 2048-8513 ; 2048-8505
    ISSN (online) 2048-8513
    ISSN 2048-8505
    DOI 10.1093/ckj/sfy012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The intersection of video capsule endoscopy and artificial intelligence: addressing unique challenges using machine learning.

    Guleria, Shan / Schwartz, Benjamin / Sharma, Yash / Fernandes, Philip / Jablonski, James / Adewole, Sodiq / Srivastava, Sanjana / Rhoads, Fisher / Porter, Michael / Yeghyayan, Michelle / Hyatt, Dylan / Copland, Andrew / Ehsan, Lubaina / Brown, Donald / Syed, Sana

    ArXiv

    2023  

    Abstract: Introduction: Technical burdens and time-intensive review processes limit the practical utility of video capsule endoscopy (VCE). Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to address these limitations, but the intersection of AI and VCE reveals challenges ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Technical burdens and time-intensive review processes limit the practical utility of video capsule endoscopy (VCE). Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to address these limitations, but the intersection of AI and VCE reveals challenges that must first be overcome. We identified five challenges to address. Challenge #1: VCE data are stochastic and contains significant artifact. Challenge #2: VCE interpretation is cost-intensive. Challenge #3: VCE data are inherently imbalanced. Challenge #4: Existing VCE AIMLT are computationally cumbersome. Challenge #5: Clinicians are hesitant to accept AIMLT that cannot explain their process.
    Methods: An anatomic landmark detection model was used to test the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to the task of classifying VCE data. We also created a tool that assists in expert annotation of VCE data. We then created more elaborate models using different approaches including a multi-frame approach, a CNN based on graph representation, and a few-shot approach based on meta-learning.
    Results: When used on full-length VCE footage, CNNs accurately identified anatomic landmarks (99.1%), with gradient weighted-class activation mapping showing the parts of each frame that the CNN used to make its decision. The graph CNN with weakly supervised learning (accuracy 89.9%, sensitivity of 91.1%), the few-shot model (accuracy 90.8%, precision 91.4%, sensitivity 90.9%), and the multi-frame model (accuracy 97.5%, precision 91.5%, sensitivity 94.8%) performed well.
    Discussion: Each of these five challenges is addressed, in part, by one of our AI-based models. Our goal of producing high performance using lightweight models that aim to improve clinician confidence was achieved.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    ISSN 2331-8422
    ISSN (online) 2331-8422
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Monte Carlo simulation of a Knudsen effusion mass spectrometer sampling system.

    Radke, Michael J / Jacobson, Nathan S / Copland, Evan H

    Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM

    2017  Volume 31, Issue 12, Page(s) 1041–1046

    Abstract: Rationale: Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS) shows improved performance with the "restricted collimation" method of Chatillon and colleagues, which consists of two apertures between the Knudsen cell orifice and the ionizer. These apertures ... ...

    Abstract Rationale: Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS) shows improved performance with the "restricted collimation" method of Chatillon and colleagues, which consists of two apertures between the Knudsen cell orifice and the ionizer. These apertures define the shape and position of the molecular beam independently of the sample and effusion orifice and as a result reduce background and improve sampling from the Knudsen cell. Modeling of the molecular beam in restricted collimation allows optimization of the apertures' diameters and spacing.
    Methods: Knudsen flow is easily simulated with a Monte Carlo method. In this study a Visual Basic for Excel (VBA) code is developed to simulate the molecular beam originating from a vaporizing condensed phase in a Knudsen cell and passing through the cell orifice and the two apertures.
    Results: The code is able to calculate the transmission coefficient through the cell orifice, through the cell orifice and the first aperture, and through the cell orifice and first and second apertures. Also calculated are the angular distributions of the effusate density emerging from the cell and average number of collisions with the orifice walls.
    Conclusions: This code allows the geometry (aperture spacing and diameters) of the sampling system to be optimized for maximum transmission. The calculated effusate distributions and low average number of orifice wall collisions illustrated the advantages of restricted collimation. Calculated transmission factors are also compared to literature values calculated via the analytical method of Chatillon and colleagues. Published in 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-06-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 58731-x
    ISSN 1097-0231 ; 0951-4198
    ISSN (online) 1097-0231
    ISSN 0951-4198
    DOI 10.1002/rcm.7873
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Podocyte Infolding Glomerulopathy, First Case Report From North America.

    Ting, Julie Anne / Hung, Wayne / McRae, Susanna A / Barbour, Sean J / Copland, Michael / Riazy, Maziar

    Canadian journal of kidney health and disease

    2021  Volume 8, Page(s) 20543581211048357

    Abstract: Rationale: Podocyte infolding glomerulopathy (PIG) is a newly described condition with only 37 cases reported worldwide. Due to its rarity, the pathogenesis and evolution of this disease is unclear. This case report contributes to our collective ... ...

    Abstract Rationale: Podocyte infolding glomerulopathy (PIG) is a newly described condition with only 37 cases reported worldwide. Due to its rarity, the pathogenesis and evolution of this disease is unclear. This case report contributes to our collective knowledge about the clinical and histological progression of this disease.
    Presenting concerns of the patient: Over the course of a year, a 52-year-old Malaysian woman with no known prior medical history developed progressively worsening edema and other findings consistent with nephrotic syndrome.
    Diagnosis: Unlike most patients with PIG, this patient did not have any autoimmune disease. She was Hepatitis B core antibody positive with a Hepatitis B surface antibody >1000, suggesting prior Hepatitis B infection with immunity. A renal biopsy was performed which was consistent with PIG. A second renal biopsy was done 2 years later which again showed characteristic findings of PIG with worsened podocyte effacement but no interval change in chronicity.
    Interventions: The patient was treated with blood pressure control and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade with irbesartan and spironolactone. She was also treated with prednisone at 1 mg/kg for 2 months followed by a taper for a total of 7 months of prednisone treatment.
    Outcomes: The patient had a partial response to a course of prednisone. However, since stopping steroids, her proteinuria and renal function has been gradually worsening.
    Teaching points: PIG is mostly found in patients of East Asian descent. It presents as proteinuria and is often associated with autoimmune disease but can be idiopathic. It is characterized on renal biopsy by infolding or protrusion of podocyte cytoplasm into glomerular basement membrane, as well as intramembranous cytoplasmic microspherules or microtubules. Atypical membranous nephropathy should be ruled out prior to diagnosis. Unlike membranous nephropathy, PIG usually responds at least partially to steroid monotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of PIG from North America. Furthermore, it is the first case of PIG with repeat biopsy showing interval worsening of PIG rather than either resolution of PIG or transformation of PIG to a different diagnosis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2765462-X
    ISSN 2054-3581
    ISSN 2054-3581
    DOI 10.1177/20543581211048357
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Patient-derived tumor xenograft study with CDK4/6 inhibitor plus AKT inhibitor for the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

    Kase, Adam M / Gleba, Justyna / Miller, James L / Miller, Erin / Petit, Joachim / Barrett, Michael T / Zhou, Yumei / Parent, Ephraim E / Cai, Hancheng / Knight, Joshua A / Orme, Jacob / Reynolds, Jordan / Durham, William F / Metz, Thomas M / Meurice, Nathalie / Edenfield, Brandy / Alasonyalilar Demirer, Aylin / Bilgili, Ahmet / Hickman, Peyton G /
    Pawlush, Matthew L / Marlow, Laura / Wickland, Daniel P / Tan, Winston / Copland, John A

    Molecular cancer therapeutics

    2024  

    Abstract: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor outcomes. To investigate novel therapeutic strategies, we characterized three new metastatic prostate cancer PDTX models and developed 3D spheroids from each to ...

    Abstract Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor outcomes. To investigate novel therapeutic strategies, we characterized three new metastatic prostate cancer PDTX models and developed 3D spheroids from each to investigate molecular targeted therapy combinations including CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) with AKT inhibitors (ATKi). Metastatic prostate cancer tissue was collected and three PDTX models were established and characterized using WES. PDTX 3-D spheroids were developed from these three PDTXs to show resistance patterns and test novel molecular targeted therapies. CDK4/6i's were combined with AKTi's to assess synergistic antitumor response to prove our hypothesis that blockade of AKT overcomes drug resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitor. This combination was evaluated in PDTX 3-D spheroids and in vivo experiments with responses measured by tumor volumes, PSA and Ga-68 PSMA-11 PET-CT imaging. We demonstrated CDK4/6i's with AKTi's possess synergistic antitumor activity in three mCRPC PDTX models. These models have multiple unique pathogenic and deleterious genomic alterations with resistance to single agent CDK4/6i's. Despite this, combination therapy with AKTi's was able to overcome resistance mechanisms. The IHC and Western blot analysis confirmed on target effects, while tumor volume, serum PSA ELISA, and radionuclide imaging demonstrated response to therapy with statistically significant SUV differences seen with Ga-68 PSMA-11 PET-CT. These preclinical data demonstrating antitumor synergy by overcoming single agent CDK 4/6i as well as AKTi drug resistance provide the rational for a clinical trial combining a CDK4/6i with an AKTi in mCRPC patients whose tumor expresses wild type RB1.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2063563-1
    ISSN 1538-8514 ; 1535-7163
    ISSN (online) 1538-8514
    ISSN 1535-7163
    DOI 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0296
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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