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Article: Editorial Regarding the New DSM-5 Diagnosis of PTSD in Veterans and Non-veterans.

Cornelius, Jack R

2013 Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) 139–141

Language	English
Publishing date	2013-12-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2765350-X
ISSN	2167-1044
ISSN	2167-1044
DOI	10.4172/2167-1044.1000139
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Article: Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms Predict Obsessive and Compulsive Cravings among Depressed Alcoholics.

Miller, Michelle L / Cornelius, Jack R / Kirisci, Levent / Douaihy, Antoine / Salloum, Ihsan M

Addictive disorders & their treatment

2020 Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) 228–233

Abstract: Objectives: Alcohol craving is often associated with mood symptoms and predicts alcohol use in individuals with alcohol dependence. However, little is known about the impact of mood symptoms on alcohol craving in comorbid mood disorders and alcohol ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Alcohol craving is often associated with mood symptoms and predicts alcohol use in individuals with alcohol dependence. However, little is known about the impact of mood symptoms on alcohol craving in comorbid mood disorders and alcohol dependence. This study examines the predictive value of depressive and anxiety symptoms for obsessive and compulsive aspects of alcohol craving in adults with comorbid Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Alcohol Dependence. Methods: Fifty-five adults (47% female; mean age of 39.35 (SD=8.80)) with DSM-IV diagnoses of comorbid MDD and alcohol dependence were prospectively assessed over a six-month period. They completed the Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression and Anxiety, the Alcohol Timeline Followback, the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS), and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). The linear mixed model analyses for repeated measures was used to test weather depressive and anxiety symptoms predict OCDS subscale scores. Results: Depressive and anxiety symptoms were strongly associated with obsessive and compulsive subscales of the OCDS. Baseline ASI-alcohol scores were associated with both the obsessive and compulsive and with the obsessive subscale scores in the predictive model including depressive symptoms, and that including anxiety symptoms respectively. Conclusions: Results suggest that depressive and anxiety symptoms predict obsessive and compulsive aspects of alcohol craving in adults with comorbid MDD and alcohol dependence. Assessing the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms and alcohol use in this population may identify those more likely to experience intense alcohol craving states and at increased risk of relapse.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2083311-8
ISSN	1535-1122 ; 1531-5754
ISSN (online)	1535-1122
ISSN	1531-5754
DOI	10.1097/adt.0000000000000202
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Article: Assessing TLI as a Predictor of Treatment Seeking for SUD among Youth Transitioning to Young Adulthood.

Cornelius, Jack R / Kirisci, Levent

Advances in psychology research

2014 Volume 98, Page(s) 85–94

Abstract: Background: To date, few studies have been conducted evaluating predictors of treatment seeking for substance use disorders as persons make the transition from preadolescence (a period of very low substance use) to young adulthood (a period of peak ... ...

Abstract	Background: To date, few studies have been conducted evaluating predictors of treatment seeking for substance use disorders as persons make the transition from preadolescence (a period of very low substance use) to young adulthood (a period of peak substance use). The few studies of this area which have been conducted to date have generally been limited by their use of a cross-sectional rather than a longitudinal study design. We have conducted a longitudinal etiology study (CEDAR) to assess whether an index of behavioral undercontrol called the Transmissible Liability Index (TLI) measured during preadolescence serves as a predictor of the development of substance use disorders (SUD) and of treatment utilization during young adulthood. Our recent work has focuses on subjects with cannabis use disorders (CUD), since CUD are the most common SUD. In recent analyses, we found that TLI serves as a predictor of the development of cannabis use disorder (CUD) among young adults (Kirisci et al., 2009). Objective: In the current study, we hypothesized that TLI as assessed during preadolescence would predict treatment seeking a decade later when the subjects were young adults. Method: The 375 participants in this study were initially recruited when they were 10-12 years of age. TLI status was determined at baseline, and subsequent assessments were conducted at 12-14, 16, 19, and 22 years of age. Variables examined included TLI as well as demographic variables. Path analyses were conducted. Results: Of the 375 subjects recruited at age 10-12, 92 subjects (24.5%) were diagnosed with a CUD by the age of 22. TLI as assessed during pre-adolescence (at age 10 to 12) was found to be associated with substance-related treatment during young adulthood (age 19 and at age 22). Conclusions: These findings confirmed our hypothesis that TLI assessed during preadolescent years serves as a predictor of treatment at age 19 and at age 22.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2060918-8
ISSN	1532-723X
ISSN	1532-723X
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Article: Treatment studies involving adolescents with drug and alcohol disorders.

Cornelius, Jack R

Addictive behaviors

2005 Volume 30, Issue 9, Page(s) 1627–1629

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Alcohol-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Alcohol-Related Disorders/therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Psychotherapy/methods ; Substance-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Substance-Related Disorders/therapy ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	197618-7
ISSN	1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
ISSN (online)	1873-6327
ISSN	0306-4603
DOI	10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.09.001
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Zs.A 1214: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Drug use and hazardous drinking are associated with PTSD symptoms and symptom clusters in US Army Reserve/National Guard Soldiers.

Homish, Gregory G / Hoopsick, Rachel A / Heavey, Sarah Cercone / Homish, D Lynn / Cornelius, Jack R

The American journal on addictions

2018 Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 22–28

Abstract: Background and objectives: There is strong evidence of the association between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and substance use. Previous work has found sex differences in these associations. With revisions to the DSM, it is important to ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: There is strong evidence of the association between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and substance use. Previous work has found sex differences in these associations. With revisions to the DSM, it is important to understand how overall PTSD symptoms and the new symptom clusters relate to substance use among Reserve/Guard soldiers-a high risk group. Methods: Data are from the baseline assessment of Operation: SAFETY (Soldiers and Families Excelling Through the Years), a longitudinal study of US Army Reserve/National Guard (USAR/NG) soldiers (N = 389 males, N = 84 females). We examined associations between current substance use (drug use, hazardous drinking, and smoking) and overall PTSD symptoms, and symptom clusters. Additionally, we examined PTSD by sex interactions. Results: Greater overall PTSD symptoms were associated with higher odds of drug use (OR = 1.08; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.12) and hazardous drinking (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.07). Greater individual symptom cluster scores were associated with higher odds of drug use (ps < .001) and hazardous drinking (ps < .01). Interaction models revealed no differences in these associations on the basis sex (ps > .05). There were no associations between PTSD symptoms or symptom clusters on smoking (ps > .05). Discussion and conclusion: Soldiers experiencing PTSD symptoms are reporting current drug and hazardous alcohol use, suggestive of self-medication. Scientific significance: It is imperative to consider the impact of PTSD on substance use broadly, as this work shows that overall symptoms and symptom clusters have an impact on male and female USAR/NG soldiers. (Am J Addict 2019;28:22-28).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Military Personnel/psychology ; New York/epidemiology ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Syndrome
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1141440-6
ISSN	1521-0391 ; 1055-0496
ISSN (online)	1521-0391
ISSN	1055-0496
DOI	10.1111/ajad.12829
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Zs.A 3594: Show issues

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Article: Cannabis Use Disorders Predispose to the Development of Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Youth.

Cornelius, Jack R / Kirisci, Levent / Clark, Duncan B

International journal of medical and biological frontiers

2014 Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) 393–398

Abstract: Background: Previous cross-sectional studies involving adults suggest that sexually transmitted diseases (STD) such as cocaine use disorders and opioid use disorders are associated with the development of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). However, it ...

Abstract	Background: Previous cross-sectional studies involving adults suggest that sexually transmitted diseases (STD) such as cocaine use disorders and opioid use disorders are associated with the development of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). However, it is less clear whether cannabis use disorders (CUD) are associated with the development of STDs, or whether those associations extend to adolescent populations. Longitudinal studies examining those associations are particularly scarce. The current report provides findings from a longitudinal study that examined the relationship between STD and CUD among youth transitioning to young adulthood. Method: The subjects in this longitudinal study were initially recruited when the index sons of these fathers were 10-12 years of age, and subsequent assessments were conducted at age 12-14, 16, 19, and 22. Multivariate logistic regression and path analyses were conducted. Results: At age 22, of the 345 subjects, 30 subjects were diagnosed with one or more STD, and 105 were diagnosed with a CUD. STDs were almost four times as common among those with a CUD as among those without a CUD, which was a significant difference. Path analyses demonstrated that peer deviance mediated the association between a measure of risk for SUD knows as the TLI and CUD, and that peer deviance mediated the association between TLI and STD. Risky sexual behaviors were common. Conclusions: These finding suggest that cannabis use disorders (CUD) predispose to the development of sexually transmitted disorders (STD) among youth. These findings also suggest that peer deviance mediates the development of STD and of CUD among teenagers making the transition to young adulthood.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-09-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1081-3829
ISSN	1081-3829
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Article ; Online: Motivation deficits and use of alcohol and illicit drugs among individuals with schizophrenia.

Bahorik, Amber L / Greeno, Catherine G / Cochran, Gerald / Cornelius, Jack R / Eack, Shaun M

Psychiatry research

2017 Volume 253, Page(s) 391–397

Abstract: This study examined the impact of substance use on intrinsic motivation and evaluated the association between intrinsic motivation and substance use recovery among individuals with schizophrenia. Alcohol and illicit drug use and intrinsic motivation were ...

Abstract	This study examined the impact of substance use on intrinsic motivation and evaluated the association between intrinsic motivation and substance use recovery among individuals with schizophrenia. Alcohol and illicit drug use and intrinsic motivation were evaluated at baseline and 6-months for 1434 individuals with schizophrenia from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) using self-rated substance use assessments and a derived motivation measure from the Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality of Life Scale. Results revealed patients had moderate motivation deficits overall and a considerable number were using alcohol or illicit drugs at baseline (n=576; 40.2%). Regression models at baseline showed patients with low levels of motivation had higher odds of substance use and those who were using substances had greater motivation deficits. At 6-months, substance using patients continued to demonstrate greater motivation deficits; however, those with high levels of motivation exhibited a greater reduction in their use of substances. Findings remained significant after adjusting for clinical confounds and were consistent across any substance, alcohol, and cannabis use. Our results emphasize concerns about substance use compounding motivation deficits in schizophrenia, and suggest that disentangling the motivation-substance use relationship in schizophrenia may facilitate efforts aimed at ameliorating these challenges and improving outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Alcohol-Related Disorders/psychology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motivation ; Schizophrenia/complications ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	445361-x
ISSN	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
ISSN (online)	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
ISSN	0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
DOI	10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.012
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Article: LONGER-TERM EFFECTIVENESS OF CBT IN TREATMENT OF COMORBID AUD/MDD ADOLESCENTS.

Cornelius, Jack R / Douaihy, Antoine B / Kirisci, Levent / Daley, Dennis C

International journal of medical and biological frontiers

2014 Volume 19, Issue 2

Abstract: ... for treating the depressive symptoms and the excessive alcohol use of study subjects (Cornelius et al., 2009 ...

Abstract	Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a commonly used therapy among persons with major depressive disorder (MDD) and also among those with alcohol use disorders (AUD). However, less is known regarding the efficacy of CBT for treating persons with co-occurring disorders involving both MDD and an AUD. Studies assessing the efficacy of CBT in adolescent populations with co-occurring disorders are particularly sparse, especially studies designed to assess the potential longer-term efficacy of an acute phase trial of CBT therapy in that youthful comorbid population. We recently conducted a first acute phase treatment study involving comorbid AUD/MDD adolescents, which involved the medication fluoxetine as well as manualized CBT therapy. The results of that acute phase study suggested efficacy for CBT therapy but not for fluoxetine for treating the depressive symptoms and the excessive alcohol use of study subjects (Cornelius et al., 2009). The current chapter provides an assessment of the long-term efficacy of CBT for treating comorbid AUD/MDD adolescents, based on results from our own long-term (four-year) follow-up study, which was conducted following the completion of our recent acute phase treatment study. The results of the study suggest long-term efficacy for acute phase CBT/MET therapy for treating both the depressive symptoms and the excessive alcohol use of comorbid AUD/MDD adolescents, but demonstrate no evidence of long-term efficacy for fluoxetine for treating either the depressive symptoms or the excessive alcohol use of that population.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-10-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1081-3829
ISSN	1081-3829
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Article ; Online: Patterns of Substance Use During Cognitive Enhancement Therapy: An 18-Month Randomized Feasibility Study.

Eack, Shaun M / Hogarty, Susan S / Bangalore, Srihari S / Keshavan, Matcheri S / Cornelius, Jack R

Journal of dual diagnosis

2016 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 74–82

Abstract: Objective: Substance use problems are common among people with schizophrenia, as are significant cognitive impairments. Because of potential shared neurobiological pathways, it is possible that cognitive remediation interventions may be associated with ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Substance use problems are common among people with schizophrenia, as are significant cognitive impairments. Because of potential shared neurobiological pathways, it is possible that cognitive remediation interventions may be associated with improvements in both substance use and cognition. This study examined the impact of cognitive remediation on alcohol and cannabis use and the cognitive correlates of changes in substance use among outpatients with schizophrenia. Methods: Individuals with schizophrenia who were receiving outpatient services at a psychiatric clinic and had moderate or higher addiction severity scores (N = 31) were randomized to 18 months of cognitive enhancement therapy (n = 22) or usual care (n = 9). Cognitive enhancement therapy is a cognitive remediation approach that integrates computer-based training in attention, memory, and problem solving with a group-based social cognition curriculum. Usual care was provided to all participants and consisted of routine psychiatric care. Primary outcomes included days of alcohol and cannabis use, assessed with the Timeline Followback method every six months and modeled using penalized quasi-likelihood growth curves. Results: Participants were on average 38.23 (SD = 13.44) years of age, had been ill for 14.19 (SD = 11.28) years, and were mostly male (n = 22, 71%), and about half were Caucasian (n = 16, 52%). Temporal patterns of substance use days were highly variable and followed nonlinear trajectories. Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that, compared to patients only receiving usual care, those receiving cognitive enhancement therapy were significantly less likely to use alcohol (OR = .22; 95% CI: .05, .90; p = .036), but not cannabis (OR = 1.89; 95% CI: .02, 142.99; p = .774) over time, and they reduced their alcohol use at significantly accelerated rates (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03; p = .003). Changes in cognition were variably associated with substance use outcomes, although improvements in visual learning and reasoning and problem solving were both consistently related to reduced alcohol and cannabis use. Conclusions: Cognitive remediation may be effective for improving some substance use problems in schizophrenia. Visual learning and problem-solving deficits may be particularly important targets of such interventions, given their association with reduced alcohol and cannabis use. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov under #NCT01292577.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cognition ; Cognitive Therapy/methods ; Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Outpatients ; Psychotic Disorders/complications ; Psychotic Disorders/psychology ; Psychotic Disorders/therapy ; Schizophrenia/complications ; Schizophrenia/therapy ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Substance-Related Disorders/complications ; Substance-Related Disorders/psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders/therapy ; Therapy, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2179549-6
ISSN	1550-4271 ; 1550-4263
ISSN (online)	1550-4271
ISSN	1550-4263
DOI	10.1080/15504263.2016.1145778
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Zs.A 6004: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Does the Transmissible Liability Index (TLI) assessed in late childhood predict suicidal symptoms at young adulthood?

Cornelius, Jack R / Kirisci, Levent / Reynolds, Maureen / Vanyukov, Michael / Tarter, Ralph

The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse

2015 Volume 41, Issue 3, Page(s) 264–268

Abstract: Objective: Our previous work demonstrated that the Transmissible Liability Index (TLI), an instrument designed as an index of liability for substance use disorder (SUD), is associated with risk of substance use disorder. This longitudinal study assessed ...

Abstract	Objective: Our previous work demonstrated that the Transmissible Liability Index (TLI), an instrument designed as an index of liability for substance use disorder (SUD), is associated with risk of substance use disorder. This longitudinal study assessed whether TLI measured in 10-12-year-olds (late childhood) predicts suicidal behavior from age 12-14 (preadolescence) to age 25 (young adulthood). We hypothesized that TLI would predict number and severity of suicide attempts. Methods: Subjects were sons of men who had lifetime history of SUD (n = 250), called the High Average Risk (HAR) group, and sons of men with no lifetime history of a SUD (n = 250), called the Low Average Risk (LAR) group. The TLI was delineated at baseline (age 10-12), and age-specific versions were administered at 12-14, 16, 19, 22, and 25 years of age. Results: TLI was significantly associated with number and severity of lifetime suicide attempts. Conclusions: These findings confirm the hypothesis that TLI assessed at late childhood is a predictor of frequency and severity of suicidal behavior from preadolescence to young adulthood.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted/psychology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	193086-2
ISSN	1097-9891 ; 0095-2990
ISSN (online)	1097-9891
ISSN	0095-2990
DOI	10.3109/00952990.2015.1011744
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