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Article ; Online: Broadening horizons: Sample diversity and socioecological theory are essential to the future of psychological science.

Gurven, Michael D

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2018 Volume 115, Issue 45, Page(s) 11420–11427

Abstract: The present lack of sample diversity and ecological theory in psychological science fundamentally limits generalizability and obstructs scientific progress. A focus on the role of socioecology in shaping the evolution of morphology, physiology, and ... ...

Abstract	The present lack of sample diversity and ecological theory in psychological science fundamentally limits generalizability and obstructs scientific progress. A focus on the role of socioecology in shaping the evolution of morphology, physiology, and behavior has not yet been widely applied toward psychology. To date, evolutionary approaches to psychology have focused more on finding universals than explaining variability. However, contrasts between small-scale, kin-based rural subsistence societies and large-scale urban, market-based populations, have not been well appreciated. Nor has the variability within high-income countries, or the socioeconomic and cultural transformations affecting even the most remote tribal populations today. Elucidating the causes and effects of such broad changes on psychology and behavior is a fundamental concern of the social sciences; expanding study participants beyond students and other convenience samples is necessary to improve understanding of flexible psychological reaction norms among and within populations. Here I highlight two examples demonstrating how socioecological variability can help explain psychological trait expression: (
MeSH term(s)	Cognition ; Competitive Behavior ; Cooperative Behavior ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Cultural Diversity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Humans ; Individuality ; Psychology, Social/methods ; Psychology, Social/trends ; Rural Population ; Social Class ; Social Environment ; Urban Population
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1720433115
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Article ; Online: Human uniqueness? Life history diversity among small-scale societies and chimpanzees.

Davison, Raziel J / Gurven, Michael D

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) e0239170

Abstract: Background: Humans life histories have been described as "slow", patterned by slow growth, delayed maturity, and long life span. While it is known that human life history diverged from that of a recent common chimpanzee-human ancestor some ~4-8 mya, it ... ...

Abstract	Background: Humans life histories have been described as "slow", patterned by slow growth, delayed maturity, and long life span. While it is known that human life history diverged from that of a recent common chimpanzee-human ancestor some ~4-8 mya, it is unclear how selection pressures led to these distinct traits. To provide insight, we compare wild chimpanzees and human subsistence societies in order to identify the age-specific vital rates that best explain fitness variation, selection pressures and species divergence. Methods: We employ Life Table Response Experiments to quantify vital rate contributions to population growth rate differences. Although widespread in ecology, these methods have not been applied to human populations or to inform differences between humans and chimpanzees. We also estimate correlations between vital rate elasticities and life history traits to investigate differences in selection pressures and test several predictions based on life history theory. Results: Chimpanzees' earlier maturity and higher adult mortality drive species differences in population growth, whereas infant mortality and fertility variation explain differences between human populations. Human fitness is decoupled from longevity by postreproductive survival, while chimpanzees forfeit higher potential lifetime fertility due to adult mortality attrition. Infant survival is often lower among humans, but lost fitness is recouped via short birth spacing and high peak fertility, thereby reducing selection on infant survival. Lastly, longevity and delayed maturity reduce selection on child survival, but among humans, recruitment selection is unexpectedly highest in longer-lived populations, which are also faster-growing due to high fertility. Conclusion: Humans differ from chimpanzees more because of delayed maturity and lower adult mortality than from differences in juvenile mortality or fertility. In both species, high child mortality reflects bet-hedging costs of quality/quantity tradeoffs borne by offspring, with high and variable child mortality likely regulating human population growth over evolutionary history. Positive correlations between survival and fertility among human subsistence populations leads to selection pressures in human subsistence societies that differ from those in modern populations undergoing demographic transition.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Ecology/methods ; Ethnology/methods ; Fertility/physiology ; Hominidae/growth & development ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality/trends ; Life History Traits ; Life Tables ; Longevity/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Pan troglodytes/growth & development ; Pan troglodytes/metabolism ; Population Growth
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0239170
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: WEIRD bodies: mismatch, medicine and missing diversity.

Gurven, Michael D / Lieberman, Daniel E

Evolution and human behavior : official journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society

2020 Volume 41, Issue 5, Page(s) 330–340

Abstract: Despite recent rapid advances in medical knowledge that have improved survival, conventional medical science's understanding of human health and disease relies heavily on people of European descent living in contemporary urban industrialized environments. ...

Abstract	Despite recent rapid advances in medical knowledge that have improved survival, conventional medical science's understanding of human health and disease relies heavily on people of European descent living in contemporary urban industrialized environments. Given that modern conditions in high-income countries differ widely in terms of lifestyle and exposures compared to those experienced by billions of people and all our ancestors over several hundred thousand years, this narrow approach to the human body and health is very limiting. We argue that preventing and treating chronic diseases of aging and other mismatch diseases will require both expanding study design to sample diverse populations and contexts, and fully incorporating evolutionary perspectives. In this paper, we first assess the extent of biased representation of industrialized populations in high profile, international biomedical journals, then compare patterns of morbidity and health across world regions. We also compare demographic rates and the force of selection between subsistence and industrialized populations to reflect on the changes in how selection operates on fertility and survivorship across the lifespan. We argue that, contrary to simplistic misguided solutions like the PaleoDiet, the hypothesis of evolutionary mismatch needs critical consideration of population history, evolutionary biology and evolved reaction norms to prevent and treat diseases. We highlight the critical value of broader sampling by considering the effects of three key exposures that have radically changed over the past century in many parts of the world-pathogen burden, reproductive effort and physical activity-on autoimmune, cardiometabolic and other mismatch diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1090-5138
ISSN	1090-5138
DOI	10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.04.001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Periodic catastrophes over human evolutionary history are necessary to explain the forager population paradox.

Gurven, Michael D / Davison, Raziel J

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2019 Volume 116, Issue 26, Page(s) 12758–12766

Abstract: The rapid growth of contemporary human foragers and steady decline of chimpanzees represent puzzling population paradoxes, as any species must exhibit near-stationary growth over much of their evolutionary history. We evaluate the conditions favoring ... ...

Abstract	The rapid growth of contemporary human foragers and steady decline of chimpanzees represent puzzling population paradoxes, as any species must exhibit near-stationary growth over much of their evolutionary history. We evaluate the conditions favoring zero population growth (ZPG) among 10 small-scale subsistence human populations and five wild chimpanzee groups according to four demographic scenarios: altered mean vital rates (i.e., fertility and mortality), vital rate stochasticity, vital rate covariance, and periodic catastrophes. Among most human populations, changing mean fertility or survivorship alone requires unprecedented alterations. Stochastic variance and covariance would similarly require major adjustment to achieve ZPG in most populations. Crashes could maintain ZPG in slow-growing populations but must be frequent and severe in fast-growing populations-more extreme than observed in the ethnographic record. A combination of vital rate alteration with catastrophes is the most realistic solution to the forager population paradox. ZPG in declining chimpanzees is more readily obtainable through reducing mortality and altering covariance. While some human populations may have hovered near ZPG under harsher conditions (e.g., violence or food shortage), modern
MeSH term(s)	Biological Evolution ; Demography ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Life History Traits ; Models, Statistical ; Natural Disasters ; Periodicity ; Population
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1902406116
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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: The optimal timing of teaching and learning across the life course.

Gurven, Michael D / Davison, Raziel J / Kraft, Thomas S

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

2020 Volume 375, Issue 1803, Page(s) 20190500

Abstract: The evolutionary biologist W. D. Hamilton (Hamilton 1966 ...

Abstract	The evolutionary biologist W. D. Hamilton (Hamilton 1966
MeSH term(s)	Cultural Evolution ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Learning ; Models, Biological ; Models, Psychological ; Social Behavior ; Teaching
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208382-6
ISSN	1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
ISSN (online)	1471-2970
ISSN	0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
DOI	10.1098/rstb.2019.0500
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Einzelsignatur: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Cross-cousin marriage among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists during demographic transition and market integration.

Dalzero, Arianna / Beheim, Bret A / Kaplan, Hillard / Stieglitz, Jonathan / Hooper, Paul L / Ross, Cody T / Gurven, Michael / Lukas, Dieter

Evolutionary human sciences

2024 Volume 6, Page(s) e18

Abstract: Although still prevalent in many human societies, the practice of cousin marriage has precipitously declined in populations undergoing rapid demographic and socioeconomic change. However, it is still unclear whether changes in the structure of the ... ...

Abstract	Although still prevalent in many human societies, the practice of cousin marriage has precipitously declined in populations undergoing rapid demographic and socioeconomic change. However, it is still unclear whether changes in the structure of the marriage pool or changes in the fitness-relevant consequences of cousin marriage more strongly influence the frequency of cousin marriage. Here, we use genealogical data collected by the Tsimane Health and Life History Project to show that there is a small but measurable decline in the frequency of first cross-cousin marriage since the mid-twentieth century. Such changes are linked to concomitant changes in the pool of potential spouses in recent decades. We find only very modest differences in fitness-relevant demographic measures between first cousin and non-cousin marriages. These differences have been diminishing as the Tsimane have become more market integrated. The factors that influence preferences for cousin marriage appear to be less prevalent now than in the past, but cultural inertia might slow the pace of change in marriage norms. Overall, our findings suggest that cultural changes in marriage practices reflect underlying societal changes that shape the pool of potential spouses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2513-843X
ISSN (online)	2513-843X
DOI	10.1017/ehs.2024.11
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Article ; Online: Human uniqueness? Life history diversity among small-scale societies and chimpanzees.

Raziel J Davison / Michael D Gurven

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 2, p e

2021 Volume 0239170

Abstract: Background Humans life histories have been described as "slow", patterned by slow growth, delayed maturity, and long life span. While it is known that human life history diverged from that of a recent common chimpanzee-human ancestor some ~4-8 mya, it is ...

Abstract	Background Humans life histories have been described as "slow", patterned by slow growth, delayed maturity, and long life span. While it is known that human life history diverged from that of a recent common chimpanzee-human ancestor some ~4-8 mya, it is unclear how selection pressures led to these distinct traits. To provide insight, we compare wild chimpanzees and human subsistence societies in order to identify the age-specific vital rates that best explain fitness variation, selection pressures and species divergence. Methods We employ Life Table Response Experiments to quantify vital rate contributions to population growth rate differences. Although widespread in ecology, these methods have not been applied to human populations or to inform differences between humans and chimpanzees. We also estimate correlations between vital rate elasticities and life history traits to investigate differences in selection pressures and test several predictions based on life history theory. Results Chimpanzees' earlier maturity and higher adult mortality drive species differences in population growth, whereas infant mortality and fertility variation explain differences between human populations. Human fitness is decoupled from longevity by postreproductive survival, while chimpanzees forfeit higher potential lifetime fertility due to adult mortality attrition. Infant survival is often lower among humans, but lost fitness is recouped via short birth spacing and high peak fertility, thereby reducing selection on infant survival. Lastly, longevity and delayed maturity reduce selection on child survival, but among humans, recruitment selection is unexpectedly highest in longer-lived populations, which are also faster-growing due to high fertility. Conclusion Humans differ from chimpanzees more because of delayed maturity and lower adult mortality than from differences in juvenile mortality or fertility. In both species, high child mortality reflects bet-hedging costs of quality/quantity tradeoffs borne by offspring, with high ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Are intestinal worms nature's anti-atherosclerosis vaccine?

Gurven, Michael D / Finch, Caleb E / Wann, Lee S

European heart journal

2018 Volume 39, Issue 18, Page(s) 1653

MeSH term(s)	Atherosclerosis ; Coronary Disease ; Helminthiasis ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic ; Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	603098-1
ISSN	1522-9645 ; 0195-668X
ISSN (online)	1522-9645
ISSN	0195-668X
DOI	10.1093/eurheartj/ehy129
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Article ; Online: Niche Diversity Predicts Personality Structure Across 115 Nations.

Durkee, Patrick K / Lukaszewski, Aaron W / von Rueden, Christopher R / Gurven, Michael D / Buss, David M / Tucker-Drob, Elliot M

Psychological science

2022 Volume 33, Issue 2, Page(s) 285–298

Abstract: The niche-diversity hypothesis proposes that personality structure arises from the affordances of unique trait combinations within a society. It predicts that personality traits will be both more variable and differentiated in populations with more ... ...

Abstract	The niche-diversity hypothesis proposes that personality structure arises from the affordances of unique trait combinations within a society. It predicts that personality traits will be both more variable and differentiated in populations with more distinct social and ecological niches. Prior tests of this hypothesis in 55 nations suffered from potential confounds associated with differences in the measurement properties of personality scales across groups. Using psychometric methods for the approximation of cross-national measurement invariance, we tested the niche-diversity hypothesis in a sample of 115 nations (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Personality ; Personality Disorders ; Psychometrics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2022256-7
ISSN	1467-9280 ; 0956-7976
ISSN (online)	1467-9280
ISSN	0956-7976
DOI	10.1177/09567976211031571
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Article: Evidence for height and immune function trade-offs among preadolescents in a high pathogen population.

Garcia, Angela R / Blackwell, Aaron D / Trumble, Benjamin C / Stieglitz, Jonathan / Kaplan, Hillard / Gurven, Michael D

Evolution, medicine, and public health

2020 Volume 2020, Issue 1, Page(s) 86–99

Abstract: Background: In an energy-limited environment, caloric investments in one characteristic should trade-off with investments in other characteristics. In high pathogen ecologies, biasing energy allocation towards immune function over growth would be ... ...

Abstract	Background: In an energy-limited environment, caloric investments in one characteristic should trade-off with investments in other characteristics. In high pathogen ecologies, biasing energy allocation towards immune function over growth would be predicted, given strong selective pressures against early-life mortality. Methodology: In the present study, we use flow cytometry to examine trade-offs between adaptive immune function (T cell subsets, B cells), innate immune function (natural killer cells), adaptive to innate ratio and height-for-age Results: Markers of adaptive immune function negatively associate with child HAZ, a pattern most significant in preadolescents (3+ years). In children under three, maternal BMI appears to buffer immune and HAZ associations, while child energetic status (WHZ) moderates relationships in an unexpected direction: HAZ and immune associations are greater in preadolescents with higher WHZ. Children with low WHZ maintain similar levels of adaptive immune function, but are shorter compared to high WHZ peers. Conclusions: Reduced investment in growth in favor of immunity may be necessary for survival in high pathogen contexts, even under energetic constraints. Further, genetic and environmental factors are important considerations for understanding variation in height within this population. These findings prompt consideration of whether there may be a threshold of investment into adaptive immunity required for survival in high pathogen environments, and thus question the universal relevance of height as a marker of health. Lay summary: Adaptive immune function is negatively associated with child height in this high pathogen environment. Further, low weight-for-height children are shorter but maintain similar immune levels. Findings question the relevance of height as a universal health marker, given that costs and benefits of height versus immunity may be calibrated to local ecology.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2684837-5
ISSN	2050-6201
ISSN	2050-6201
DOI	10.1093/emph/eoaa017
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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