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  1. Article: Nutritional counselling for head and neck cancer patients treated with (chemo)radiation therapy: why, how, when, and what?

    Santo, Bianca / Bertini, Niccolò / Cattaneo, Carlo Guglielmo / De Matteis, Sara / De Franco, Paola / Grassi, Roberta / Iorio, Giuseppe Carlo / Longo, Silvia / Boldrini, Luca / Piras, Antonio / Desideri, Isacco / De Felice, Francesca / Salvestrini, Viola

    Frontiers in oncology

    2024  Volume 13, Page(s) 1240913

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2649216-7
    ISSN 2234-943X
    ISSN 2234-943X
    DOI 10.3389/fonc.2023.1240913
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  2. Article ; Online: Recent advances in de-intensification of radiotherapy in elderly cancer patients.

    Desideri, Isacco / Salvestrini, Viola / Livi, Lorenzo

    F1000Research

    2020  Volume 9

    Abstract: Cancer in the elderly remains an evolving issue and a health challenge. Several improvements in the radiotherapy field allow the delivery of higher doses/fractions with a safe toxicity profile, permitting the reduction of radiation treatment protocols in ...

    Abstract Cancer in the elderly remains an evolving issue and a health challenge. Several improvements in the radiotherapy field allow the delivery of higher doses/fractions with a safe toxicity profile, permitting the reduction of radiation treatment protocols in the elderly. Regarding breast, prostate, and lung cancer, the under-representation of older patients in clinical trials limits the extension of treatment recommendations to elderly patients in routine clinical practice. Among the feasible alternatives to standard whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) in older patients are shorter courses using higher hypofractionation (HF) and accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI). The boost continues to be used in women at high risk of local recurrence but is less widely accepted for women at lower risk and patients over 70 years of age. Regarding prostate cancer, there are no published studies with a focus on the elderly. Current management decisions are based on life expectancy and geriatric assessment. Regimens of HF and ultra-HF protocols are feasible strategies for older patients. Several prospective non-randomized studies have documented the safe delivery of ultra-HF for patients with localized prostate cancer, and multiple phase III trials and meta-analyses have confirmed that the HF regimen should be offered with similar acute toxicity regardless of patient age and comorbidity. A recent pooled analysis from two randomized trials comparing surgery to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in older adult patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer did show comparable outcomes between surgery and SBRT. Elderly cancer patients are significantly under-represented in all clinical trials. Thus, the inclusion of older patients in clinical studies should be strongly encouraged to strengthen the evidence base for this age group. We suggest that the creation of oncogeriatric coordination units may promote individualized care protocols, avoid overtreatment with aggressive and unrecommended therapies, and support de-escalating treatment in elderly cancer patients.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/radiotherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prospective Studies ; Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Radiation Dosage ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2699932-8
    ISSN 2046-1402 ; 2046-1402
    ISSN (online) 2046-1402
    ISSN 2046-1402
    DOI 10.12688/f1000research.21151.1
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  3. Article ; Online: Recent advances in de-intensification of radiotherapy in elderly cancer patients [version 1; peer review

    Isacco Desideri / Viola Salvestrini / Lorenzo Livi

    F1000Research, Vol

    2 approved]

    2020  Volume 9

    Abstract: Cancer in the elderly remains an evolving issue and a health challenge. Several improvements in the radiotherapy field allow the delivery of higher doses/fractions with a safe toxicity profile, permitting the reduction of radiation treatment protocols in ...

    Abstract Cancer in the elderly remains an evolving issue and a health challenge. Several improvements in the radiotherapy field allow the delivery of higher doses/fractions with a safe toxicity profile, permitting the reduction of radiation treatment protocols in the elderly. Regarding breast, prostate, and lung cancer, the under-representation of older patients in clinical trials limits the extension of treatment recommendations to elderly patients in routine clinical practice. Among the feasible alternatives to standard whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) in older patients are shorter courses using higher hypofractionation (HF) and accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI). The boost continues to be used in women at high risk of local recurrence but is less widely accepted for women at lower risk and patients over 70 years of age. Regarding prostate cancer, there are no published studies with a focus on the elderly. Current management decisions are based on life expectancy and geriatric assessment. Regimens of HF and ultra-HF protocols are feasible strategies for older patients. Several prospective non-randomized studies have documented the safe delivery of ultra-HF for patients with localized prostate cancer, and multiple phase III trials and meta-analyses have confirmed that the HF regimen should be offered with similar acute toxicity regardless of patient age and comorbidity. A recent pooled analysis from two randomized trials comparing surgery to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in older adult patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer did show comparable outcomes between surgery and SBRT. Elderly cancer patients are significantly under-represented in all clinical trials. Thus, the inclusion of older patients in clinical studies should be strongly encouraged to strengthen the evidence base for this age group. We suggest that the creation of oncogeriatric coordination units may promote individualized care protocols, avoid overtreatment with aggressive and unrecommended therapies, and support ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 610 ; 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher F1000 Research Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
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  4. Article ; Online: Magnetic resonance imaging in naso-oropharyngeal carcinoma: role of texture analysis in the assessment of response to radiochemotherapy, a preliminary study.

    Bicci, Eleonora / Nardi, Cosimo / Calamandrei, Leonardo / Barcali, Eleonora / Pietragalla, Michele / Calistri, Linda / Desideri, Isacco / Mungai, Francesco / Bonasera, Luigi / Miele, Vittorio

    La Radiologia medica

    2023  Volume 128, Issue 7, Page(s) 839–852

    Abstract: Objective: Identifying MRI texture parameters able to distinguish inflammation, fibrosis, and residual cancer in patients with naso-oropharynx carcinoma after radiochemotherapy (RT-CHT).: Material and methods: In this single-centre, observational, ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Identifying MRI texture parameters able to distinguish inflammation, fibrosis, and residual cancer in patients with naso-oropharynx carcinoma after radiochemotherapy (RT-CHT).
    Material and methods: In this single-centre, observational, retrospective study, texture analysis was performed on ADC maps and post-gadolinium T1 images of patients with histological diagnosis of naso-oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with RT-CHT. An initial cohort of 99 patients was selected; 57 of them were later excluded. The final cohort of 42 patients was divided into 3 groups (inflammation, fibrosis, and residual cancer) according to MRI, 18F-FDG-PET/CT performed 3-4 months after RT-CHT, and biopsy. Pre-RT-CHT lesions and the corresponding anatomic area post-RT-CHT were segmented with 3D slicer software from which 107 textural features were derived. T-Student and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed, and features with p-value < 0.01 were considered statistically significant. Cut-off values-obtained by ROC curves-to discriminate post-RT-CHT non-tumoural changes from residual cancer were calculated for the parameters statistically associated to the diseased status at follow-up.
    Results: Two features-Energy and Grey Level Non-Uniformity-were statistically significant on T1 images in the comparison between 'positive' (residual cancer) and 'negative' patients (inflammation and fibrosis). Energy was also found to be statistically significant in both patients with fibrosis and residual cancer. Grey Level Non-Uniformity was significant in the differentiation between residual cancer and inflammation. Five features were statistically significant on ADC maps in the differentiation between 'positive' and 'negative' patients. The reduction in values of such features between pre- and post-RT-CHT was correlated with a good response to therapy.
    Conclusions: Texture analysis on post-gadolinium T1 images and ADC maps can differentiate residual cancer from fibrosis and inflammation in early follow-up of naso-oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with RT-CHT.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Gadolinium ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ; Fibrosis ; Carcinoma/diagnostic imaging ; Carcinoma/therapy ; Chemoradiotherapy
    Chemical Substances Gadolinium (AU0V1LM3JT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-19
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 205751-7
    ISSN 1826-6983 ; 0033-8362
    ISSN (online) 1826-6983
    ISSN 0033-8362
    DOI 10.1007/s11547-023-01653-2
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  5. Article ; Online: Impact of fosaprepitant in the prevention of nausea and emesis in head and neck cancer patients undergoing cisplatin-based chemoradiation: a pilot prospective study and a review of literature.

    Becherini, Carlotta / Salvestrini, Viola / Desideri, Isacco / Vagnoni, Giulia / Bonaparte, Ilaria / Bertini, Niccolò / Mattioli, Chiara / Angelini, Lucia / Visani, Luca / Scotti, Vieri / Livi, Lorenzo / Caini, Saverio / Bonomo, Pierluigi

    La Radiologia medica

    2024  Volume 129, Issue 3, Page(s) 457–466

    Abstract: Purpose: Cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is standard treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, IMRT may increase chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is standard treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, IMRT may increase chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of fosaprepitant in preventing CINV.
    Methods: An infusion of 150 mg fosaprepitant was given through a 30 min. We assessed acute toxicity using CTCAE v.4 and the incidence of CINV using the FLIE questionnaire. The evaluation of CINV was done at the second and fifth weeks of CRT and 1 week after the end. The EORTC QLQ-HN 43 questionnaire was administered before treatment beginning (baseline), at second (T1) and fifth (T2) weeks. A dosimetric analysis was performed on dorsal nucleus of vagus (DVC) and area postrema (AP).
    Results: Between March and November 2020, 24 patients were enrolled. No correlation was found between nausea and DVC mean dose (p = 0.573), and AP mean dose (p = 0.869). Based on the FLIE questionnaire, patients reported a mean score of 30.5 for nausea and 30 for vomiting during week 2 and 29.8 for nausea and 29.2 for vomiting during week 5. After treatment ended, the mean scores were 27.4 for nausea and 27.7 for vomiting. All patients completed the EORTC QLQ-HN 43. Significantly higher scores at T2 assessment than baseline were observed.
    Conclusions: The use of fosaprepitant in preventing CINV reduced incidence of moderate to severe nausea and vomiting. No correlation has been found between nausea and median dose to DVC and AP.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Antiemetics/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects ; Chemoradiotherapy/adverse effects ; Cisplatin/adverse effects ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Morpholines ; Nausea/chemically induced ; Nausea/prevention & control ; Prospective Studies ; Vomiting/chemically induced ; Vomiting/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Antiemetics ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Cisplatin (Q20Q21Q62J) ; fosaprepitant (6L8OF9XRDC) ; Morpholines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-14
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 205751-7
    ISSN 1826-6983 ; 0033-8362
    ISSN (online) 1826-6983
    ISSN 0033-8362
    DOI 10.1007/s11547-024-01757-3
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  6. Article ; Online: Anatomical assessment of local recurrence site in breast cancer patients after breast reconstruction and post-mastectomy radiotherapy: implications for radiation volumes and techniques.

    Salvestrini, Viola / Valzano, Marianna / Meattini, Icro / Becherini, Carlotta / Visani, Luca / Francolini, Giulio / Morelli, Ilaria / Bertini, Niccolò / Orzalesi, Lorenzo / Bernini, Marco / Bianchi, Simonetta / Simontacchi, Gabriele / Livi, Lorenzo / Desideri, Isacco

    La Radiologia medica

    2024  

    Abstract: Introduction: Post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) improves local control rates and survival in patients with adverse prognostic features. The dose coverage to target volumes is critical to yield maximum benefit to treated patients, increasing local ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) improves local control rates and survival in patients with adverse prognostic features. The dose coverage to target volumes is critical to yield maximum benefit to treated patients, increasing local control and reducing risk of toxicity. This study aims to assess patterns of breast cancer relapse in patients treated with mastectomy, breast reconstruction and PMRT.
    Methods: Breast cancer patients treated with PMRT between 1992 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and pathological characteristics of patients were collected. Recurrences were defined as "in field," "marginal" or "out of field." Survival analyses were performed in relation to progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Correlation between baseline features was explored.
    Results: Data of 140 patients are collected. After a median follow-up time of 72 months, median PFS and OS of 63 and 74 months were detected, respectively. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, lympho-vascular space invasion (LVI) and size of primary tumor were all significantly associated with worst PFS and OS. Ten patients developed local recurrence: 30% "in field," 30% marginal recurrences, 20% "out of field" and 20% both "in field" and "out of field." No recurrence was detected under the expander, 80% above the device and 20% patients relapsed on IMN chain. The mean distant relapse-free survival was 39 months. Overall, 39 of 140 patients developed distant metastases.
    Conclusions: The onset of local-regional relapses occurred mainly above the expander/prosthesis, underlying the importance of inclusion of the subcutaneous tissues within the target volume. In order to refine new contouring recommendations for PMRT and breast reconstruction, future prospective studies are needed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-11
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 205751-7
    ISSN 1826-6983 ; 0033-8362
    ISSN (online) 1826-6983
    ISSN 0033-8362
    DOI 10.1007/s11547-024-01812-z
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  7. Article ; Online: Radiomic- and dosiomic-based clustering development for radio-induced neurotoxicity in pediatric medulloblastoma.

    Piffer, Stefano / Greto, Daniela / Ubaldi, Leonardo / Mortilla, Marzia / Ciccarone, Antonio / Desideri, Isacco / Genitori, Lorenzo / Livi, Lorenzo / Marrazzo, Livia / Pallotta, Stefania / Retico, Alessandra / Sardi, Iacopo / Talamonti, Cinzia

    Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Texture analysis extracts many quantitative image features, offering a valuable, cost-effective, and non-invasive approach for individual medicine. Furthermore, multimodal machine learning could have a large impact for precision medicine, as ...

    Abstract Background: Texture analysis extracts many quantitative image features, offering a valuable, cost-effective, and non-invasive approach for individual medicine. Furthermore, multimodal machine learning could have a large impact for precision medicine, as texture biomarkers can underlie tissue microstructure. This study aims to investigate imaging-based biomarkers of radio-induced neurotoxicity in pediatric patients with metastatic medulloblastoma, using radiomic and dosiomic analysis.
    Methods: This single-center study retrospectively enrolled children diagnosed with metastatic medulloblastoma (MB) and treated with hyperfractionated craniospinal irradiation (CSI). Histological confirmation of medulloblastoma and baseline follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were mandatory. Treatment involved helical tomotherapy (HT) delivering a dose of 39 Gray (Gy) to brain and spinal axis and a posterior fossa boost up to 60 Gy. Clinical outcomes, such as local and distant brain control and neurotoxicity, were recorded. Radiomic and dosiomic features were extracted from tumor regions on T1, T2, FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) MRI-maps, and radiotherapy dose distribution. Different machine learning feature selection and reduction approaches were performed for supervised and unsupervised clustering.
    Results: Forty-eight metastatic medulloblastoma patients (29 males and 19 females) with a mean age of 12 ± 6 years were enrolled. For each patient, 332 features were extracted. Greater level of abstraction of input data by combining selection of most performing features and dimensionality reduction returns the best performance. The resulting one-component radiomic signature yielded an accuracy of 0.73 with sensitivity, specificity, and precision of 0.83, 0.64, and 0.68, respectively.
    Conclusions: Machine learning radiomic-dosiomic approach effectively stratified pediatric medulloblastoma patients who experienced radio-induced neurotoxicity. Strategy needs further validation in external dataset for its potential clinical use in ab initio management paradigms of medulloblastoma.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-20
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605988-0
    ISSN 1433-0350 ; 0302-2803 ; 0256-7040
    ISSN (online) 1433-0350
    ISSN 0302-2803 ; 0256-7040
    DOI 10.1007/s00381-024-06416-6
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  8. Article ; Online: Impact of radiation dose on patient-reported acute taste alteration in a prospective observational study cohort in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC).

    Morelli, Ilaria / Desideri, Isacco / Romei, Andrea / Scoccimarro, Erika / Caini, Saverio / Salvestrini, Viola / Becherini, Carlotta / Livi, Lorenzo / Bonomo, Pierluigi

    La Radiologia medica

    2023  Volume 128, Issue 12, Page(s) 1571–1579

    Abstract: Purpose: Taste alteration (TA) is a frequent acute side effect of radiation treatment in HNSCC patients. Principal aim of our study was to investigate dosimetric parameters in relation to patient-assessed taste impairment in a prospective cohort treated ...

    Abstract Purpose: Taste alteration (TA) is a frequent acute side effect of radiation treatment in HNSCC patients. Principal aim of our study was to investigate dosimetric parameters in relation to patient-assessed taste impairment in a prospective cohort treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy.
    Methods: All patients with locally advanced HNSCC and amenable to radical treatment were included. Chemotherapy-induced taste alteration scale (CITAS), EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-HN43 questionnaires at baseline (T0), 3 weeks (T1) and 3 months (T2) after radiotherapy conclusion were used to assess taste impairment. Base of tongue, submandibular glands (SG), parotid glands (PG) and taste buds, along with anterior and medium third of the tongue, were considered as organs at risk and thus delineated according to consensus guidelines. The mean dose to the above-mentioned structures was correlated with patient-reported outcomes.
    Results: Between September 2019 and November 2020, 33 patients were recruited, 31 of which analyzed. 71% had oropharyngeal carcinoma, mostly HPV-related (60%). All were treated with tomotherapy. 77.4% had concurrent cisplatin. Mean scores of general taste alterations, global health status and dry mouth and sticky saliva were assessed. The mean doses to the anterior third, medium third and base of the tongue were 23.85, 35.50 and 47.67 Gy, respectively. Taste buds received 32.72 Gy; right and left parotid 25 and 23 Gy; right and left submandibular glands 47.8 and 39.4 Gy. At univariate analysis, dysgeusia correlated with SG mean dose (95% CI 0-0.02 p = 0.05) and PG mean dose (95% CI 0-0.02 p = 0.05); dry mouth with mean dose to anterior (95% CI 0.03-1.47 p = 0.04) and medium third (95% CI 0.02-0.93 p = 0.04) of the tongue, to taste buds (95% CI 0.06-0.96 p = 0.03) and to SGs (95% CI 0.06-0.63 p = 0.02); pain mouth with mean dose to taste buds (95% CI 0-0.02 p = 0.04), to SGs (95% CI 0-0.03 p = 0.03) and to base tongue (95% CI 0-0.02 p = 0.02).
    Conclusions: Our analysis supports the influence of dose distribution on the development of TA in HNSCC patients. The contribution of dose to taste buds and tongue subvolumes remains unclear and worthy of further investigation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ; Prospective Studies ; Dysgeusia/chemically induced ; Taste ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Xerostomia/etiology ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/adverse effects ; Radiation Dosage ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/etiology ; Radiotherapy Dosage
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-29
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 205751-7
    ISSN 1826-6983 ; 0033-8362
    ISSN (online) 1826-6983
    ISSN 0033-8362
    DOI 10.1007/s11547-023-01707-5
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  9. Article ; Online: ESTRO vision 2030: the young Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (yAIRO) commitment statement.

    De Felice, Francesca / Boldrini, Luca / Greco, Carlo / Nardone, Valerio / Salvestrini, Viola / Desideri, Isacco

    La Radiologia medica

    2021  Volume 126, Issue 10, Page(s) 1374–1376

    Abstract: The aim of this document is to share the action plan from the young Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (yAIRO). We believe it is important to enhance a constructive dialog between societies. The hope is to offer to young radiation ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this document is to share the action plan from the young Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (yAIRO). We believe it is important to enhance a constructive dialog between societies. The hope is to offer to young radiation oncologists a wealth of opportunities to refine their skills and gain access to the latest developments, according to a shared European vision.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Italy ; Medical Oncology/education ; Radiation Oncology/education ; Societies, Medical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-20
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 205751-7
    ISSN 1826-6983 ; 0033-8362
    ISSN (online) 1826-6983
    ISSN 0033-8362
    DOI 10.1007/s11547-021-01398-w
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  10. Article: Conventional and Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Non-Enhancing Peritumoral Area in Brain Tumor.

    Scola, Elisa / Del Vecchio, Guido / Busto, Giorgio / Bianchi, Andrea / Desideri, Ilaria / Gadda, Davide / Mancini, Sara / Carlesi, Edoardo / Moretti, Marco / Desideri, Isacco / Muscas, Giovanni / Della Puppa, Alessandro / Fainardi, Enrico

    Cancers

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 11

    Abstract: The non-enhancing peritumoral area (NEPA) is defined as the hyperintense region in T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images surrounding a brain tumor. The NEPA corresponds to different pathological processes, including vasogenic ...

    Abstract The non-enhancing peritumoral area (NEPA) is defined as the hyperintense region in T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images surrounding a brain tumor. The NEPA corresponds to different pathological processes, including vasogenic edema and infiltrative edema. The analysis of the NEPA with conventional and advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was proposed in the differential diagnosis of solid brain tumors, showing higher accuracy than MRI evaluation of the enhancing part of the tumor. In particular, MRI assessment of the NEPA was demonstrated to be a promising tool for distinguishing high-grade gliomas from primary lymphoma and brain metastases. Additionally, the MRI characteristics of the NEPA were found to correlate with prognosis and treatment response. The purpose of this narrative review was to describe MRI features of the NEPA obtained with conventional and advanced MRI techniques to better understand their potential in identifying the different characteristics of high-grade gliomas, primary lymphoma and brain metastases and in predicting clinical outcome and response to surgery and chemo-irradiation. Diffusion and perfusion techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI), dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced (DSC) perfusion imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) perfusion imaging, arterial spin labeling (ASL), spectroscopy and amide proton transfer (APT), were the advanced MRI procedures we reviewed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2527080-1
    ISSN 2072-6694
    ISSN 2072-6694
    DOI 10.3390/cancers15112992
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