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Article ; Online: TRAF2 must bind to cellular inhibitors of apoptosis for tumor necrosis factor (tnf) to efficiently activate nf-{kappa}b and to prevent tnf-induced apoptosis.

Vince, James E / Pantaki, Delara / Feltham, Rebecca / Mace, Peter D / Cordier, Stephanie M / Schmukle, Anna C / Davidson, Angelina J / Callus, Bernard A / Wong, Wendy Wei-Lynn / Gentle, Ian E / Carter, Holly / Lee, Erinna F / Walczak, Henning / Day, Catherine L / Vaux, David L / Silke, John

The Journal of biological chemistry

2009 Volume 284, Issue 51, Page(s) 35906–35915

Abstract: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor-2 (TRAF2) binds to cIAP1 and cIAP2 (cIAP1/2) and recruits them to the cytoplasmic domain of several members of the TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily, including the TNF-TNFR1 ligand-receptor complex. ... ...

Abstract	Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor-2 (TRAF2) binds to cIAP1 and cIAP2 (cIAP1/2) and recruits them to the cytoplasmic domain of several members of the TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily, including the TNF-TNFR1 ligand-receptor complex. Here, we define a cIAP1/2-interacting motif (CIM) within the TRAF-N domain of TRAF2, and we use TRAF2 CIM mutants to determine the role of TRAF2 and cIAP1/2 individually, and the TRAF2-cIAP1/2 interaction, in TNFR1-dependent signaling. We show that both the TRAF2 RING domain and the TRAF2 CIM are required to regulate NF-kappaB-inducing kinase stability and suppress constitutive noncanonical NF-kappaB activation. Conversely, following TNFR1 stimulation, cells bearing a CIM-mutated TRAF2 showed reduced canonical NF-kappaB activation and TNF-induced RIPK1 ubiquitylation. Remarkably, the RING domain of TRAF2 was dispensable for these functions. However, like the TRAF2 CIM, the RING domain of TRAF2 was required for protection against TNF-induced apoptosis. These results show that TRAF2 has anti-apoptotic signaling roles in addition to promoting NF-kappaB signaling and that efficient activation of NF-kappaB by TNFR1 requires the recruitment of cIAP1/2 by TRAF2.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Motifs/physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis/physiology ; Cell Line ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/genetics ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; NF-kappa B/genetics ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Protein Binding/physiology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/physiology ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2/genetics ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factors/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; NF-kappa B ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 ; Tnfrsf1a protein, mouse ; Tumor Necrosis Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-10-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2997-x
ISSN	1083-351X ; 0021-9258
ISSN (online)	1083-351X
ISSN	0021-9258
DOI	10.1074/jbc.M109.072256
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Article ; Online: Characterization of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular controls via spectral causality analysis in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement during a three-month follow-up.

Bari, Vlasta / Gelpi, Francesca / Cairo, Beatrice / Anguissola, Martina / Pugliese, Sara / De Maria, Beatrice / Bertoldo, Enrico Giuseppe / Fiolo, Valentina / Callus, Edward / De Vincentiis, Carlo / Volpe, Marianna / Molfetta, Raffaella / Ranucci, Marco / Porta, Alberto

Physiological measurement

2023 Volume 44, Issue 9

Abstract: Objective. ...

Abstract	Objective.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1149545-5
ISSN	1361-6579 ; 0967-3334
ISSN (online)	1361-6579
ISSN	0967-3334
DOI	10.1088/1361-6579/acf992
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Zs.A 1559: Show issues

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Article: Omnis definitio periculosa est: on the definition of the term "embryo" in the Human Fertilisation & Embryology Act 1990.

Callus, Therese

Medical law international

2003 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–11

Abstract: ... Fertilisation & Embryology Act 1990, the Court of Appeal judgement in R(on the application of B. Quintavalle ...

Abstract	In adopting a purposive interpretation of the definition of the term "embryo" in the Human Fertilisation & Embryology Act 1990, the Court of Appeal judgement in R(on the application of B. Quintavalle on behalf of Pro-Life Alliance) v. Secretary of State for Health effectively stifled democratic debate on the development of therapeutic cloning techniques. Instead of being evidence of the flexibility of of the statute to adapt to the rapid evolution of scientific techniques, the judgment bears witness to a certain dependence of the law on scientific criteria and moreover, raises the question of legitimate judicial function. Indeed, judges should not be seen to be deciding questions of social choice that should ultimately be decided through the democratic process. Although the purposive approach may be objectively justified, it is suggested that the appeal judges erred in their appreciation of the very purpose of the 1990 Act. It is argued that the Parliamentary debates in 1990 illustrate that the purpose of the 1990 Act does not go beyond the area of procreation and embryo research in this context. Consequently, it is claimed that no economy should have been made on a full democratic debate. By preventing such a debate, the Court of Appeal appears to admit that the law has become servile to the scientific, political and a fortiori economic, interests at stake.
MeSH term(s)	Cloning, Organism/legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo Research/legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Judicial Role ; Legislation, Medical ; Terminology as Topic ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2003
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281332-1
ISSN	2047-9441 ; 0968-5332
ISSN (online)	2047-9441
ISSN	0968-5332
DOI	10.1177/096853320300600101
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Zs.A 4342: Show issues

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Article ; Online: BEAT-IT: A de-novo cardiac screening programme in Maltese adolescents.

Abela, Mark / Yamagata, Kentaro / Bonello, John / Xuereb, Sara / Borg, Lisa / Xuereb, Rachel / Soler, Jeremy Fleri / Camilleri, William / Abela, Estelle / Callus, Adrian / Farrugia, Maria / Sapiano, Karl / Felice, Tiziana / Burg, Melanie / Sammut, Mark A / Grech, Victor / Papadakis, Michael

Hellenic journal of cardiology : HJC = Hellenike kardiologike epitheorese

2023

Abstract: ... centre. Feasibility criteria included a) participation rate >60%, b) adherence to secondary evaluation ...

Abstract	Aims: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young individuals is often unexpected, provoking substantial emotional stress for family and friends of the deceased. Cardiac screening may identify individuals who harbour disorders linked to SCD. The feasibility and diagnostic yield of a nationwide cardiac screening programme in adolescents has never been explored. Methods: All individuals eligible for cardiac screening (students aged 15 years) were systematically invited to enrol. Students were provided with a health questionnaire. ECGs were acquired at school. A physician led consultation was carried out on site. Participants with an abnormal screen were then referred for secondary evaluation to the nation's tertiary centre. Feasibility criteria included a) participation rate >60%, b) adherence to secondary evaluation >80%, and c) cost per individual screened equating to <€100. The diagnostic yield was also evaluated. Results: At the end of enrolment, 2708 students gave consent (mean 15 years, 50.4% male), equating to 67.9% of the eligible cohort. Overall, 109 participants (4.0%) were referred for further evaluation. An abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) was the most common reason for referral (3.7%). Fifteen individuals (0.6%) were diagnosed with a cardiac condition. Nine (0.3%) had a condition linked to SCD (n = 1 Long-QT syndrome, n = 1 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, n = 5 Wolff-Parkinson White, n = 2 coronary anomalies). The yield was similar in athletes and non-athletes (p = 0.324). The cost per cardiac individual screened equated to €51.15. Conclusion: A nationwide systematic cardiac screening programme for adolescent athletes and non-athletes is feasible and cost-efficient, provided that responsible centres have the appropriate infrastructure.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2215027-4
ISSN	2241-5955 ; 1109-9666
ISSN (online)	2241-5955
ISSN	1109-9666
DOI	10.1016/j.hjc.2023.09.012
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Zs.A 6187: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Frailty and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Congenital Heart Disease.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

2023 Volume 83, Issue 12, Page(s) 1149–1159

Abstract: Background: Life expectancy of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) has increased rapidly, resulting in a growing and aging population. Recent studies have shown that older people with CHD have higher morbidity, health care use, and mortality. ... ...

Abstract	Background: Life expectancy of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) has increased rapidly, resulting in a growing and aging population. Recent studies have shown that older people with CHD have higher morbidity, health care use, and mortality. To maintain longevity and quality of life, understanding their evolving medical and psychosocial challenges is essential. Objectives: The authors describe the frailty and cognitive profile of middle-aged and older adults with CHD to identify predictor variables and to explore the relationship with hospital admissions and outpatient visits. Methods: Using a cross-sectional, multicentric design, we included 814 patients aged ≥40 years from 11 countries. Frailty phenotype was determined using the Fried method. Cognitive function was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results: In this sample, 52.3% of patients were assessed as robust, 41.9% as prefrail, and 5.8% as frail; 38.8% had cognitive dysfunction. Multinomial regression showed that frailty was associated with older age, female sex, higher physiologic class, and comorbidities. Counterintuitively, patients with mild heart defects were more likely than those with complex lesions to be prefrail. Patients from middle-income countries displayed more prefrailty than those from higher-income countries. Logistic regression demonstrated that cognitive dysfunction was related to older age, comorbidities, and lower country-level income. Conclusions: Approximately one-half of included patients were (pre-)frail, and more than one-third experienced cognitive impairment. Frailty and cognitive dysfunction were identified in patients with mild CHD, indicating that these concerns extend beyond severe CHD. Assessing frailty and cognition routinely could offer valuable insights into this aging population.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Female ; Frailty/diagnosis ; Frailty/epidemiology ; Frailty/complications ; Frail Elderly/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Quality of Life ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction/complications ; Heart Defects, Congenital/complications ; Heart Defects, Congenital/epidemiology ; Geriatric Assessment/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605507-2
ISSN	1558-3597 ; 0735-1097
ISSN (online)	1558-3597
ISSN	0735-1097
DOI	10.1016/j.jacc.2024.01.021
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Zs.A 1846: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 196: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Respiration is a Confounder of the Closed Loop Relationship Between Mean Arterial Pressure and Mean Cerebral Blood Flow.

Porta, Alberto / Gelpi, Francesca / Bari, Vlasta / Cairo, Beatrice / De Maria, Beatrice / May Panzetti, Cora / Cornara, Noemi / Bertoldo, Enrico Giuseppe / Fiolo, Valentina / Callus, Edward / De Vincentiis, Carlo / Volpe, Marianna / Molfetta, Raffaella / Ranucci, Marco

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

2021 Volume 2021, Page(s) 5403–5406

Abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that respiration (RESP) is a confounder or suppressor of the closed loop relationship responsible for the cerebrovascular dynamical interactions as assessed from spontaneous variability of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ...

Abstract	This study tested the hypothesis that respiration (RESP) is a confounder or suppressor of the closed loop relationship responsible for the cerebrovascular dynamical interactions as assessed from spontaneous variability of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mean cerebral blood flow (MCBF). The evaluation was carried out in the information domain via transfer entropy (TE) estimated through a linear model-based approach comparing TE markers computed solely over MAP and MCBF series with TE indexes accounting for the eventual action of RESP over MAP and MCBF. We considered 11 patients (age: 76±5 yrs, 7 males) undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) at supine resting (REST) and during active standing (STAND) before and after SAVR surgery. The decrease of the predictive ability of MCBF to MAP when accounting for RESP compared to the one assessed when disregarding RESP suggested that RESP is a confounder of the link from MCBF to MAP along the Cushing reflex instead of being a suppressor. This result was more evident in POST when autonomic control was dramatically depressed and in an unchallenged condition such as REST. RESP did not affect significantly the link from MAP to MCBF along the pressure-to-flow relationship. Clarification of the type of RESP influence on the MAP-MCBF closed loop relationship could favor a deeper characterization of cerebrovascular interactions and the comprehension of cerebral autoregulation mechanisms.Clinical Relevance- This study suggests that respiration is a confounder of the closed loop relationship between MAP and MCBF, especially of the flow-to-pressure causal link. This result might open new possibilities in elucidating the mechanisms of cerebral autoregulation in healthy and pathological populations.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aortic Valve ; Arterial Pressure ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Humans ; Male ; Respiration
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2694-0604
ISSN (online)	2694-0604
DOI	10.1109/EMBC46164.2021.9630905
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Article ; Online: Monitoring the Evolution of Asynchrony between Mean Arterial Pressure and Mean Cerebral Blood Flow via Cross-Entropy Methods.

Porta, Alberto / Gelpi, Francesca / Bari, Vlasta / Cairo, Beatrice / De Maria, Beatrice / Panzetti, Cora May / Cornara, Noemi / Bertoldo, Enrico Giuseppe / Fiolo, Valentina / Callus, Edward / De Vincentiis, Carlo / Volpe, Marianna / Molfetta, Raffaella / Pistuddi, Valeria / Ranucci, Marco

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 24, Issue 1

Abstract: Cerebrovascular control is carried out by multiple nonlinear mechanisms imposing a certain degree of coupling between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mean cerebral blood flow (MCBF). We explored the ability of two nonlinear tools in the information ... ...

Abstract	Cerebrovascular control is carried out by multiple nonlinear mechanisms imposing a certain degree of coupling between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mean cerebral blood flow (MCBF). We explored the ability of two nonlinear tools in the information domain, namely cross-approximate entropy (CApEn) and cross-sample entropy (CSampEn), to assess the degree of asynchrony between the spontaneous fluctuations of MAP and MCBF. CApEn and CSampEn were computed as a function of the translation time. The analysis was carried out in 23 subjects undergoing recordings at rest in supine position (REST) and during active standing (STAND), before and after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). We found that at REST the degree of asynchrony raised, and the rate of increase in asynchrony with the translation time decreased after SAVR. These results are likely the consequence of the limited variability of MAP observed after surgery at REST, more than the consequence of a modified cerebrovascular control, given that the observed differences disappeared during STAND. CApEn and CSampEn can be utilized fruitfully in the context of the evaluation of cerebrovascular control via the noninvasive acquisition of the spontaneous MAP and MCBF variability.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2014734-X
ISSN	1099-4300 ; 1099-4300
ISSN (online)	1099-4300
ISSN	1099-4300
DOI	10.3390/e24010080
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Article ; Online: Anxiety and Depression in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease.

Kovacs, Adrienne H / Luyckx, Koen / Thomet, Corina / Budts, Werner / Enomoto, Junko / Sluman, Maayke A / Lu, Chun-Wei / Jackson, Jamie L / Khairy, Paul / Cook, Stephen C / Chidambarathanu, Shanthi / Alday, Luis / Estensen, Mette-Elise / Dellborg, Mikael / Berghammer, Malin / Johansson, Bengt / Mackie, Andrew S / Menahem, Samuel / Caruana, Maryanne /

Veldtman, Gruschen / Soufi, Alexandra / Jameson, Susan M / Callus, Edward / Kutty, Shelby / Oechslin, Erwin / Van Bulck, Liesbet / Moons, Philip

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

2024 Volume 83, Issue 3, Page(s) 430–441

Abstract: Background: A comprehensive understanding of adult congenital heart disease outcomes must include psychological functioning. Our multisite study offered the opportunity to explore depression and anxiety symptoms within a global sample.: Objectives: ... ...

Abstract	Background: A comprehensive understanding of adult congenital heart disease outcomes must include psychological functioning. Our multisite study offered the opportunity to explore depression and anxiety symptoms within a global sample. Objectives: In this substudy of the APPROACH-IS (Assessment of Patterns of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease-International Study), the authors we investigated the prevalence of elevated depression and anxiety symptoms, explored associated sociodemographic and medical factors, and examined how quality of life (QOL) and health status (HS) differ according to the degree of psychological symptoms. Methods: Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, which includes subscales for symptoms of anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D). Subscale scores of 8 or higher indicate clinically elevated symptoms and can be further categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. Participants also completed analogue scales on a scale of 0 to 100 for QOL and HS. Analysis of variance was performed to investigate whether QOL and HS differed by symptom category. Results: Of 3,815 participants from 15 countries (age 34.8 ± 12.9 years; 52.7% female), 1,148 (30.1%) had elevated symptoms in one or both subscales: elevated HADS-A only (18.3%), elevated HADS-D only (2.9%), or elevations on both subscales (8.9%). Percentages varied among countries. Both QOL and HS decreased in accordance with increasing HADS-A and HADS-D symptom categories (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In this global sample of adults with congenital heart disease, almost one-third reported elevated symptoms of depression and/or anxiety, which in turn were associated with lower QOL and HS. We strongly advocate for the implementation of strategies to recognize and manage psychological distress in clinical settings. (Patient-Reported Outcomes in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease [APPROACH-IS]; NCT02150603).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Depression/diagnosis ; Depression/epidemiology ; Depression/etiology ; Heart Defects, Congenital/complications ; Heart Defects, Congenital/epidemiology ; Anxiety/diagnosis ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Anxiety/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605507-2
ISSN	1558-3597 ; 0735-1097
ISSN (online)	1558-3597
ISSN	0735-1097
DOI	10.1016/j.jacc.2023.10.043
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Zs.A 1846: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 196: Show issues

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Article: Caspase inhibitors: viral, cellular and chemical.

Callus, B A / Vaux, D L

Cell death and differentiation

2007 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 73–78

Abstract: Caspases, key mediators of apoptosis, are a structurally related family of cysteine proteases that cleave their substrates at aspartic acid residues either to cause cell death or to activate cytokines as part of an immune response. They can be controlled ...

Abstract	Caspases, key mediators of apoptosis, are a structurally related family of cysteine proteases that cleave their substrates at aspartic acid residues either to cause cell death or to activate cytokines as part of an immune response. They can be controlled upstream by the regulation of signals that lead to zymogen activation, or downstream by inhibitors that prevent them from reaching their substrates. This review specifically looks at caspase inhibitors as distinct from caspase regulators: those produced by the cell itself; those whose genes are carried by viruses; and artificial caspase inhibitors used for research and potentially as therapeutics.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Caspase Inhibitors ; Caspases/chemistry ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/chemistry ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/metabolism ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/metabolism ; Serpins/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Caspase Inhibitors ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Serpins ; Viral Proteins ; p35 protein, Baculovirus ; interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme inhibitor (96282-35-8) ; Caspases (EC 3.4.22.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1225672-9
ISSN	1350-9047
ISSN	1350-9047
DOI	10.1038/sj.cdd.4402034
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Zs.A 4230: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 80: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The juvenile ECG pattern in adolescent athletes and non-athletes in a national cardiac screening program (BEAT-IT).

Abela, Mark / Yamagata, Kentaro / Buttigieg, Lisa / Xuereb, Sara / Bonello, John / Soler, Jeremy Fleri / Camilleri, William / Grech, Neil / Xuereb, Rachel / Sapiano, Karl / Abela, Estelle / Callus, Adrian / Farrugia, Maria / Felice, Tiziana / Burg, Melanie / Sammut, Mark / Xuereb, Robert G / Grech, Victor

International journal of cardiology

2022 Volume 371, Page(s) 508–515

Abstract: ... This study assessed a) national prevalence of anterior TWI, b) ST segment morphology, c) proportion ...

Abstract	Background: Anterior T wave inversion (TWI) is frequent in healthy adolescent individuals (juvenile ECG pattern), normalising after puberty. Its clinical implications are uncertain. Aim: This study assessed a) national prevalence of anterior TWI, b) ST segment morphology, c) proportion of individuals with a juvenile ECG pattern whose ECG normalises and d) factors predicting TWI persistence >16 years. Methods: Adolescents (mean 15y) in Malta were systematically invited to enrol in a cardiac screening program. Subjects completed a health questionnaire and an ECG at their school. Participants with TWI were labelled as TWI in V Results: The prevalence of isolated anterior TWI was 5.0%, commoner in females (6.3%) independent of athletic ability. Extended TWI was commoner in female athletes (4.2%, non-athletes 2.1%). Females often had shallow TWI without overt ST segment abnormalities. Deep TWI and ST segment changes were more frequent in males. Only 0.2% of cases persisted ≥16 years of age. ST segment characteristics were not able to predict T wave normalisation. No events took place during follow up (40 ± 9 months). Conclusion: Anterior TWI is a frequent phenomenon in adolescents, especially in females. Female athletes are also more likely to have extended anterior TWI. Only 0.2% of cases have persistent anterior TWI at 16 years of age. Chest wall anatomy may explain this phenomenon in females. It is uncommon in males, hence why surveillance is more prudent.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	779519-1
ISSN	1874-1754 ; 0167-5273
ISSN (online)	1874-1754
ISSN	0167-5273
DOI	10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.005
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