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  1. Article: City Avoidance in the Early Phase of Psychosis: A Neglected Domain of Assessment and a Potential Target for Recovery Strategies.

    Conus, Philippe / Abrahamyan Empson, Lilith / Codeluppi, Zoé / Baumann, Philipp Sebastien / Söderström, Ola / Söderström, Dag / Golay, Philippe

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2019  Volume 10, Page(s) 342

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00342
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Cathepsins and their involvement in immune responses.

    Conus, Sébastien / Simon, Hans-Uwe

    Swiss medical weekly

    2010  Volume 140, Page(s) w13042

    Abstract: The immune system is composed of an enormous variety of cells and molecules that generate a collective and coordinated response on exposure to foreign antigens, called the immune response. Within the immune response, endo-lysosomal proteases play a key ... ...

    Abstract The immune system is composed of an enormous variety of cells and molecules that generate a collective and coordinated response on exposure to foreign antigens, called the immune response. Within the immune response, endo-lysosomal proteases play a key role. In this review we cover specific roles of cathepsins in innate and adaptive immunity, as well as their implication in the pathogenesis of several diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptive Immunity/immunology ; Alzheimer Disease/immunology ; Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Apoptosis/immunology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology ; Asthma/immunology ; Atherosclerosis/immunology ; Cathepsins/physiology ; Cytokines/physiology ; Granzymes/physiology ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular/immunology ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Immunocompetence/immunology ; Inflammation/immunology ; Lysosomes/immunology ; Mice ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Osteoarthritis/immunology ; Peptide Hydrolases/physiology
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Cathepsins (EC 3.4.-) ; Peptide Hydrolases (EC 3.4.-) ; Granzymes (EC 3.4.21.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2036179-8
    ISSN 1424-3997 ; 1424-7860
    ISSN (online) 1424-3997
    ISSN 1424-7860
    DOI 10.4414/smw.2010.13042
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: General laboratory diagnostics of eosinophilic GI diseases.

    Conus, Sébastien / Simon, Hans-Uwe

    Best practice & research. Clinical gastroenterology

    2008  Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) 441–453

    Abstract: Eosinophils and gastrointestinal tract interact in an intimate and enigmatic relationship. Under inflammatory conditions, eosinophil infiltration in the gastrointestinal tract is a common feature of numerous eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) ...

    Abstract Eosinophils and gastrointestinal tract interact in an intimate and enigmatic relationship. Under inflammatory conditions, eosinophil infiltration in the gastrointestinal tract is a common feature of numerous eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs). EGIDs are disorders, for which the diagnosis is relatively difficult. Nevertheless, some common laboratory techniques are currently used for their diagnosis and disease monitoring. Besides eosinophils, mast cells and T cells have also been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Here, we review the pathogenesis and common laboratory approaches applied for their diagnosis, in particular eosinophil and mast cell markers.
    MeSH term(s) Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Eosinophilia/diagnosis ; Eosinophilia/etiology ; Eosinophilia/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/metabolism ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2048181-0
    ISSN 1521-6918
    ISSN 1521-6918
    DOI 10.1016/j.bpg.2007.09.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Cathepsins: key modulators of cell death and inflammatory responses.

    Conus, Sébastien / Simon, Hans-Uwe

    Biochemical pharmacology

    2008  Volume 76, Issue 11, Page(s) 1374–1382

    Abstract: Apoptosis is a key mechanism in the build up and maintenance of both innate and adaptive immunity as well as in the regulation of cellular homeostasis in almost every organ and tissue. Central to the apoptotic process is a family of intracellular ... ...

    Abstract Apoptosis is a key mechanism in the build up and maintenance of both innate and adaptive immunity as well as in the regulation of cellular homeostasis in almost every organ and tissue. Central to the apoptotic process is a family of intracellular cysteine proteases with aspartate-specificity, called caspases. Nevertheless, there is growing evidence that other non-caspase proteases, in particular lysosomal cathepsins, can play an important role in the regulation of apoptosis. In this review, the players and the molecular mechanisms involved in the lysosomal apoptotic pathways will be discussed as well as the importance of these pathways in the immune system and the pathogenesis of diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cathepsins/physiology ; Cell Death/physiology ; Humans ; Immune System/physiology ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Mice
    Chemical Substances Cathepsins (EC 3.4.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-12-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 208787-x
    ISSN 1873-2968 ; 0006-2952
    ISSN (online) 1873-2968
    ISSN 0006-2952
    DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.07.041
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Living and dying for inflammation: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.

    Geering, Barbara / Stoeckle, Christina / Conus, Sébastien / Simon, Hans-Uwe

    Trends in immunology

    2013  Volume 34, Issue 8, Page(s) 398–409

    Abstract: Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils play essential roles during microbe-induced and sterile inflammation. The severity of such inflammatory processes is controlled, at least in part, by factors that regulate cell death and survival of granulocytes. ... ...

    Abstract Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils play essential roles during microbe-induced and sterile inflammation. The severity of such inflammatory processes is controlled, at least in part, by factors that regulate cell death and survival of granulocytes. In recent years, major progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of granulocyte cell death and in identifying novel damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns as well as regulatory cytokines impacting granulocyte viability. Furthermore, an increased interest in innate immunity has boosted our overall understanding of granulocyte biology. In this review, we describe and compare factors and mechanisms regulating neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil lifespan. Because dysregulation of death pathways in granulocytes can contribute to inflammation-associated immunopathology, targeting granulocyte lifespan could be therapeutically promising.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Basophils/cytology ; Basophils/immunology ; Cell Death/immunology ; Eosinophils/cytology ; Eosinophils/immunology ; Humans ; Inflammation/immunology ; Neutrophils/cytology ; Neutrophils/immunology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2036831-8
    ISSN 1471-4981 ; 1471-4906
    ISSN (online) 1471-4981
    ISSN 1471-4906
    DOI 10.1016/j.it.2013.04.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Cathepsins and their involvement in immune responses

    Conus, Sébastien / Simon, Hans-Uwe

    Swiss medical weekly

    2010  Volume 140, Issue July, Page(s) 4

    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2036179-8
    ISSN 1424-7860
    Database Current Contents Medicine

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  7. Article ; Online: Anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab) therapy does not alter IL-5 receptor alpha levels in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis.

    Conus, Sébastien / Straumann, Alex / Simon, Hans-Uwe

    The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

    2009  Volume 123, Issue 1, Page(s) 269; author reply 269–70

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophilia/blood ; Eosinophilia/drug therapy ; Eosinophils/drug effects ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Interleukin-5/antagonists & inhibitors ; Interleukin-5/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Interleukin-5/blood ; Receptors, Interleukin-5/drug effects ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Cytokines ; Interleukin-5 ; Receptors, Interleukin-5 ; mepolizumab (90Z2UF0E52)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 121011-7
    ISSN 1097-6825 ; 1085-8725 ; 0091-6749
    ISSN (online) 1097-6825 ; 1085-8725
    ISSN 0091-6749
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.09.031
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Mepolizumab does not alter levels of eosinophils, T cells, and mast cells in the duodenal mucosa in eosinophilic esophagitis.

    Conus, Sébastien / Straumann, Alex / Bettler, Eva / Simon, Hans-Uwe

    The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

    2010  Volume 126, Issue 1, Page(s) 175–177

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Duodenum/pathology ; Eosinophilia/drug therapy ; Eosinophilia/immunology ; Eosinophils/drug effects ; Esophagitis/drug therapy ; Esophagitis/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-5/antagonists & inhibitors ; Intestinal Mucosa/pathology ; Male ; Mast Cells/drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Interleukin-5 ; mepolizumab (90Z2UF0E52)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 121011-7
    ISSN 1097-6825 ; 1085-8725 ; 0091-6749
    ISSN (online) 1097-6825 ; 1085-8725
    ISSN 0091-6749
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.04.029
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Cathepsin D primes caspase-8 activation by multiple intra-chain proteolysis.

    Conus, Sébastien / Pop, Cristina / Snipas, Scott J / Salvesen, Guy S / Simon, Hans-Uwe

    The Journal of biological chemistry

    2012  Volume 287, Issue 25, Page(s) 21142–21151

    Abstract: During the resolution of inflammatory responses, neutrophils rapidly undergo apoptosis. A direct and fast activation of caspase-8 by cathepsin D was shown to be crucial in the initial steps of neutrophil apoptosis. Nevertheless, the activation mechanism ... ...

    Abstract During the resolution of inflammatory responses, neutrophils rapidly undergo apoptosis. A direct and fast activation of caspase-8 by cathepsin D was shown to be crucial in the initial steps of neutrophil apoptosis. Nevertheless, the activation mechanism of caspase-8 remains unclear. Here, by using site-specific mutants of caspase-8, we show that both cathepsin D-mediated proteolysis and homodimerization of caspase-8 are necessary to generate an active caspase-8. At acidic pH, cathepsin D specifically cleaved caspase-8 but not the initiator caspase-9 or -10 and significantly increased caspase-8 activity in dimerizing conditions. These events were completely abolished by pepstatin A, a pharmacological inhibitor of cathepsin D. The cathepsin D intra-chain proteolysis greatly stabilized the active site of caspase-8. Moreover, the main caspase-8 fragment generated by cathepsin D cleavage could be affinity-labeled with the active site probe biotin-VAD-fluoromethyl ketone, suggesting that this fragment is enzymatically active. Importantly, in an in vitro cell-free assay, the addition of recombinant human caspase-8 protein, pre-cleaved by cathepsin D, was followed by caspase-3 activation. Our data therefore indicate that cathepsin D is able to initiate the caspase cascade by direct activation of caspase-8. As cathepsin D is ubiquitously expressed, this may represent a general mechanism to induce apoptosis in a variety of immune and nonimmune cells.
    MeSH term(s) Apoptosis/physiology ; Caspase 10/chemistry ; Caspase 10/genetics ; Caspase 10/metabolism ; Caspase 8/chemistry ; Caspase 8/genetics ; Caspase 8/metabolism ; Caspase 9/chemistry ; Caspase 9/genetics ; Caspase 9/metabolism ; Cathepsin D/chemistry ; Cathepsin D/genetics ; Cathepsin D/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neutrophils/cytology ; Neutrophils/enzymology ; Protein Multimerization/physiology ; Proteolysis ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Recombinant Proteins ; CASP8 protein, human (EC 3.4.22.-) ; CASP9 protein, human (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Caspase 10 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Caspase 8 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Caspase 9 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; CASP10 protein, human (EC 3.4.22.63) ; CTSD protein, human (EC 3.4.23.5) ; Cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-04-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2997-x
    ISSN 1083-351X ; 0021-9258
    ISSN (online) 1083-351X
    ISSN 0021-9258
    DOI 10.1074/jbc.M111.306399
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Inflammation-associated autophagy-related programmed necrotic death of human neutrophils characterized by organelle fusion events.

    Mihalache, Cristina C / Yousefi, Shida / Conus, Sébastien / Villiger, Peter M / Schneider, E Marion / Simon, Hans-Uwe

    Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

    2011  Volume 186, Issue 11, Page(s) 6532–6542

    Abstract: The most common form of neutrophil death, under both physiological and inflammatory conditions, is apoptosis. In this study, we report a novel form of programmed necrotic cell death, associated with cytoplasmic organelle fusion events, that occurs in ... ...

    Abstract The most common form of neutrophil death, under both physiological and inflammatory conditions, is apoptosis. In this study, we report a novel form of programmed necrotic cell death, associated with cytoplasmic organelle fusion events, that occurs in neutrophils exposed to GM-CSF and other inflammatory cytokines upon ligation of CD44. Strikingly, this type of neutrophil death requires PI3K activation, a signaling event usually involved in cellular survival pathways. In the death pathway reported in this study, PI3K is required for the generation of reactive oxygen species, which somehow trigger the generation of large cytoplasmic vacuoles, generated by the fusion of CD44-containing endosomes with autophagosomes and secondary, but not primary, granules. Neutrophils demonstrating vacuolization undergo rapid cell death that depends on receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase activity and papain family protease(s), but not caspases, that are most likely activated and released, respectively, during or as a consequence of organelle fusion. Vacuolized neutrophils are present in infectious and autoimmune diseases under in vivo conditions. Moreover, isolated neutrophils from such patients are highly sensitive toward CD44-mediated PI3K activation, reactive oxygen species production, and cell death, suggesting that the newly described autophagy-related form of programmed neutrophil necrosis plays an important role in inflammatory responses.
    MeSH term(s) Autophagy/drug effects ; Autophagy/immunology ; Cell Survival/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines/pharmacology ; Endosomes/immunology ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Endosomes/ultrastructure ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors/immunology ; Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism ; Immunoblotting ; Inflammation/immunology ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron ; NADPH Oxidases/immunology ; NADPH Oxidases/metabolism ; Necrosis/immunology ; Neutrophils/drug effects ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Organelles/immunology ; Organelles/metabolism ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; Papain/immunology ; Papain/metabolism ; Phagosomes/immunology ; Phagosomes/metabolism ; Phagosomes/ultrastructure ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/immunology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/immunology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Vacuoles/immunology ; Vacuoles/metabolism ; Vacuoles/ultrastructure
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (83869-56-1) ; NADPH Oxidases (EC 1.6.3.-) ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.-) ; Papain (EC 3.4.22.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3056-9
    ISSN 1550-6606 ; 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
    ISSN (online) 1550-6606
    ISSN 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
    DOI 10.4049/jimmunol.1004055
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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