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Article ; Online: Predictors of Colonoscopy Use Among Asian Indians in New York City, 2003 to 2016.

Nagpal, Neha / McCready, Taylor M / Xia, Yuhe / Lin, Kevin / Glenn, Matthew / Ng, Sandy / Trinh-Shevrin, Chau / Troxel, Andrea B / Kwon, Simona C / Liang, Peter S

Journal of clinical gastroenterology

2023

Abstract: ... within the last 10 y) using logistic regression over 4 time periods: 2003 to 2008, 2009 to 2012, 2013 to 2014 ...

Abstract	Background: Asian Americans have the lowest colorectal cancer screening uptake of any racial and ethnic group in the United States. Asian Indians are among the most under-screened Asian American subgroups, but there is limited data for this population. We sought to characterize predictors of colonoscopy use among Asian Indians in New York City. Methods: Using 2003 to 2016 data from the New York City Community Health Survey, we identified all Asian Indian participants aged 50 years or older. We examined the association between sociodemographic and medical factors and up-to-date colonoscopy use (defined as colonoscopy within the last 10 y) using logistic regression over 4 time periods: 2003 to 2008, 2009 to 2012, 2013 to 2014, 2015 to 2016. Results: On multivariable analysis, language, age, income, recent exercise, body mass index, and influenza vaccination were associated with colonoscopy uptake in 1 time period. Compared with participants who preferred English, those who preferred an Indian language were less likely to have been up-to-date in 2013 to 2014 (odds ratio 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.66). Individuals older than 65 years were more likely than those aged 50 to 64 years to have received a colonoscopy in 2009 to 2012 (odds ratio 3.91, 95% CI 1.49-10.24), although the risk estimates were also consistently positive in the other 3 time periods. Conclusions: Among Asian Indians living in New York City, several demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related characteristics predict colonoscopy use. These findings highlight the importance of examining determinants of colonoscopy uptake in this understudied population to inform future public health interventions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	448460-5
ISSN	1539-2031 ; 0192-0790
ISSN (online)	1539-2031
ISSN	0192-0790
DOI	10.1097/MCG.0000000000001900
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Article ; Online: Problems and Management of Acacia -Dominated Urban Forests on Man-Made Slopes in a Subtropical, High-Density City

Cody H. Y. Lee / Alvin M. C. Tang / Derrick Y. F. Lai / Amos P. K. Tai / Alan S. L. Leung / Donald K. C. Tao / Felix Leung / Simon S. M. Leung / Charis Wu / Sandy C. S. Tong / Kathy T. K. Ng

Forests, Vol 12, Iss 323, p

2021 Volume 323

Abstract: Acacia spp. are exotic tree species that have been widely planted on man-made slopes in Hong Kong since the 1960s. However, as they become mature and senescent, they may become a concern and cause various problems, including soil constraints for plant ... ...

Abstract	Acacia spp. are exotic tree species that have been widely planted on man-made slopes in Hong Kong since the 1960s. However, as they become mature and senescent, they may become a concern and cause various problems, including soil constraints for plant growth, decreasing provision of intended ecosystem services, declining syndromes, arrested succession, and high risk of failure. In this perspective paper, we present and discuss these problems using practical examples of Acacia -dominated urban forests on man-made roadside slopes in Hong Kong, based on a cross-disciplinary survey and a literature review. To conclude, we suggest that selective cutting, specific silvicultural operations of Acacia plantations, and the management of plantation edge and soils can be exercised, along with the planting of native species, to potentially alleviate these problems associated with mature Acacia plantations, by promoting the establishment of native forests, enhancing biodiversity, expediting succession, and providing better ecosystem services.
Keywords	Acacia plantations ; ecosystem services ; exotic trees ; forest management ; tree senescence ; urban forest ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Up-to-Date Colonoscopy Use in Asian and Hispanic Subgroups in New York City, 2003-2016.

Liang, Peter S / Dubner, Rachel / Xia, Yuhe / Glenn, Matthew / Lin, Kevin / Nagpal, Neha / Ng, Sandy / Trinh-Shevrin, Chau / Troxel, Andrea B / Kwon, Simona C

Journal of clinical gastroenterology

2024 Volume 58, Issue 3, Page(s) 259–270

Abstract: Background: Colorectal cancer screening uptake in the United States overall has increased, but racial/ethnic disparities persist and data on colonoscopy uptake by racial/ethnic subgroups are lacking. We sought to better characterize these trends and to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Colorectal cancer screening uptake in the United States overall has increased, but racial/ethnic disparities persist and data on colonoscopy uptake by racial/ethnic subgroups are lacking. We sought to better characterize these trends and to identify predictors of colonoscopy uptake, particularly among Asian and Hispanic subgroups. Study: We used data from the New York City Community Health Survey to generate estimates of up-to-date colonoscopy use in Asian and Hispanic subgroups across 6 time periods spanning 2003-2016. For each subgroup, we calculated the percent change in colonoscopy uptake over the study period and the difference in uptake compared to non-Hispanic Whites in 2015-2016. We also used multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of colonoscopy uptake. Results: All racial and ethnic subgroups with reliable estimates saw a net increase in colonoscopy uptake between 2003 and 2016. In 2015-2016, compared with non-Hispanic Whites, Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, and Central/South Americans had higher colonoscopy uptake, whereas Chinese, Asian Indians, and Mexicans had lower uptake. On multivariable analysis, age, marital status, insurance status, primary care provider, receipt of flu vaccine, frequency of exercise, and smoking status were the most consistent predictors of colonoscopy uptake (≥4 time periods). Conclusions: We found significant variation in colonoscopy uptake among Asian and Hispanic subgroups. We also identified numerous demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related predictors of colonoscopy uptake. These findings highlight the importance of examining health disparities through the lens of disaggregated racial/ethnic subgroups and have the potential to inform future public health interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Caribbean People/statistics & numerical data ; Colonoscopy/statistics & numerical data ; Colonoscopy/trends ; Hispanic or Latino/ethnology ; Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data ; New York City/epidemiology ; North American People/statistics & numerical data ; United States/epidemiology ; Asian/statistics & numerical data ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/ethnology ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; Early Detection of Cancer/statistics & numerical data ; Early Detection of Cancer/trends ; White ; Healthcare Disparities/ethnology ; Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data ; Population Groups, US/ethnology ; Population Groups, US/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	448460-5
ISSN	1539-2031 ; 0192-0790
ISSN (online)	1539-2031
ISSN	0192-0790
DOI	10.1097/MCG.0000000000001835
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Article ; Online: The importance of aspirin, catheterization accuracy, and catheter design in external ventricular drainage-related hemorrhage: a multicenter study of 1002 procedures.

Woo, Peter Y M / Ng, Ben C F / Xiao, Jacob X / Wong, Daniel / Seto, Andrew / Lam, Sandy / Yim, Carmen / Lo, Hong-Yip / Po, Yin-Chung / Wong, Larry Y W / Lee, Michael W Y / Yam, Kwong-Yui / Pu, Jenny K S / Chan, Kwong-Yau / Poon, Wai-Sang

Acta neurochirurgica

2019 Volume 161, Issue 8, Page(s) 1623–1632

Abstract: Background: External ventricular drainage (EVD) is the commonest neurosurgical procedure performed in daily neurosurgical practice, but relatively few studies have investigated the incidence and risk factors of its related hemorrhagic complications.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: External ventricular drainage (EVD) is the commonest neurosurgical procedure performed in daily neurosurgical practice, but relatively few studies have investigated the incidence and risk factors of its related hemorrhagic complications. Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective review of consecutive EVD procedures. Patients 18 years or older who underwent EVD and had a routine postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan performed within 24 hours were included. EVD-related hemorrhage was defined as new intracranial hemorrhage immediately adjacent or within the ventricular catheter trajectory. The volume of hemorrhage and the position of the catheter tip were assessed. A review of patient-, disease-, and surgery-related factors including the ventricular catheter design utilized was conducted. The Bonferroni correction was applied to the alpha level of significance (0.05) for multivariable analysis. Results: Nine hundred sixty-two patients underwent 1002 EVD performed by neurosurgeons in the operating theater. Sixteen percent (154) of patients were on aspirin before the procedure. Thirty-four percent (333) of patients had intracerebral hemorrhage, 25% (251) had aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and 16% (158) had traumatic brain injury. The mean duration from EVD to the first postoperative CT scan was 20 ± 4 h. EVD-related hematomas were detected after 81 procedures with a per-catheter risk of 8.1%. Mean hematoma volume was 1.2 ± 3.3 ml. Most were less than 1 ml (grade I, 79%, 64), 1 to 15 ml (grade II) in 20% (16) and a single clot larger than 15 ml (grade III, 1%) were detected. Clinically significant hemorrhage that resulted in catheter occlusion occurred in 1.7% (17) of procedures. Most catheters (62%, 625) were optimally placed, i.e., its tip being within the ipsilateral frontal horn or third ventricle. Three non-antibiotic-impregnated ventricular catheter designs were used with 55% (550) being the 2.2-mm Integra™ catheter, 14% (137) being the 2.8-mm Medtronic™ catheter, and 31% (315) being the 3.1-mm Codman™ catheter. Independent significant predictors for EVD-related hemorrhage were the preoperative prescription of aspirin (adjusted OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.10-3.44), catheter malposition (aOR 1.99; 95% CI 1.22-3.23), and use of the 2.8-mm Medtronic™ catheter (aOR 4.22; 95% CI 2.39-7.41). Conclusions: The per-catheter risk of hemorrhage was 8.1%, but the incidence of symptomatic hemorrhage was low. The only patient risk factor was aspirin intake. This is the first study to evaluate and establish an association between catheter malposition and catheter design with EVD-related hemorrhage.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aspirin/administration & dosage ; Aspirin/adverse effects ; Catheterization/adverse effects ; Catheterization/instrumentation ; Catheterization/methods ; Catheters/adverse effects ; Catheters/standards ; Drainage/adverse effects ; Drainage/instrumentation ; Drainage/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages/epidemiology ; Intracranial Hemorrhages/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Neurosurgical Procedures/instrumentation ; Neurosurgical Procedures/methods ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Third Ventricle/surgery
Chemical Substances	Aspirin (R16CO5Y76E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-20
Publishing country	Austria
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	80010-7
ISSN	0942-0940 ; 0001-6268
ISSN (online)	0942-0940
ISSN	0001-6268
DOI	10.1007/s00701-019-03978-2
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Article ; Online: Does postural stability affect the performance of eye-hand coordination in stroke survivors?

Tsang, William W N / Ng, Shamay S M / Lee, Matthew W Y / Tse, Sandy P Y / Yip, Edmond W T / Yuen, Janette K Y

American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation

2013 Volume 92, Issue 9, Page(s) 781–788

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate eye-hand coordination in stroke survivors while sitting and standing and its relationship with sensorimotor performance.: Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at university-based ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate eye-hand coordination in stroke survivors while sitting and standing and its relationship with sensorimotor performance. Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at university-based rehabilitation center. Fifteen stroke survivors performed a fast finger-pointing task toward a visual target moving at 10 cm/sec from the contralateral side toward the moving arm in sitting and standing positions. Reaction time, movement time, and pointing accuracy were measured. Anteroposterior, medial-lateral, and total sway were also measured during the standing trials. Several sensorimotor impairments were also measured to correlate with the eye-hand coordination performance. Results: A significantly shorter reaction time was found in the nonparetic than the paretic side when standing, but not when sitting. The movement time of the paretic side was significantly faster when standing when compared with sitting. Fast pointing with the paretic arm significantly increased the total sway path and anteroposterior displacement while standing compared with pointing with the nonparetic arm. Movement time of the paretic arm was negatively correlated with handgrip strength and the strength of the elbow flexors and wrist extensors. Conclusions: The movement time of eye-hand coordination of stroke survivors was affected by postural stability. Correlations were found between pointing performance and several sensorimotor impairments.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disability Evaluation ; Eye ; Feedback, Sensory ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postural Balance/physiology ; Posture/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Reaction Time ; Reference Values ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Stroke/diagnosis ; Stroke Rehabilitation ; Survivors ; Task Performance and Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	219390-5
ISSN	1537-7385 ; 0002-9491 ; 0894-9115
ISSN (online)	1537-7385
ISSN	0002-9491 ; 0894-9115
DOI	10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182876adb
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Article: Archaeal habitats--from the extreme to the ordinary.

Chaban, Bonnie / Ng, Sandy Y M / Jarrell, Ken F

Canadian journal of microbiology

2006 Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) 73–116

Abstract: The domain Archaea represents a third line of evolutionary descent, separate from Bacteria and Eucarya. Initial studies seemed to limit archaea to various extreme environments. These included habitats at the extreme limits that allow life on earth, in ... ...

Abstract	The domain Archaea represents a third line of evolutionary descent, separate from Bacteria and Eucarya. Initial studies seemed to limit archaea to various extreme environments. These included habitats at the extreme limits that allow life on earth, in terms of temperature, pH, salinity, and anaerobiosis, which were the homes to hyper thermo philes, extreme (thermo)acidophiles, extreme halophiles, and methanogens. Typical environments from which pure cultures of archaeal species have been isolated include hot springs, hydrothermal vents, solfataras, salt lakes, soda lakes, sewage digesters, and the rumen. Within the past two decades, the use of molecular techniques, including PCR-based amplification of 16S rRNA genes, has allowed a culture-independent assessment of microbial diversity. Remarkably, such techniques have indicated a wide distribution of mostly uncultured archaea in normal habitats, such as ocean waters, lake waters, and soil. This review discusses organisms from the domain Archaea in the context of the environments where they have been isolated or detected. For organizational purposes, the domain has been separated into the traditional groups of methanogens, extreme halophiles, thermoacidophiles, and hyperthermophiles, as well as the uncultured archaea detected by molecular means. Where possible, we have correlated known energy-yielding reactions and carbon sources of the archaeal types with available data on potential carbon sources and electron donors and acceptors present in the environments. From the broad distribution, metabolic diversity, and sheer numbers of archaea in environments from the extreme to the ordinary, the roles that the Archaea play in the ecosystems have been grossly underestimated and are worthy of much greater scrutiny.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Archaea/classification ; Archaea/isolation & purification ; Archaea/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Humans ; RNA, Archaeal/analysis ; RNA, Archaeal/classification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/classification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA, Archaeal ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-02
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	280534-0
ISSN	1480-3275 ; 0008-4166
ISSN (online)	1480-3275
ISSN	0008-4166
DOI	10.1139/w05-147
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Article ; Online: Cell surface structures of archaea.

Ng, Sandy Y M / Zolghadr, Behnam / Driessen, Arnold J M / Albers, Sonja-Verena / Jarrell, Ken F

Journal of bacteriology

2008 Volume 190, Issue 18, Page(s) 6039–6047

MeSH term(s)	Archaea/chemistry ; Archaea/genetics ; Archaea/metabolism ; Archaea/ultrastructure ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Surface Extensions/chemistry ; Cell Surface Extensions/genetics ; Cell Surface Extensions/metabolism ; Cell Surface Extensions/ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-07-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2968-3
ISSN	1098-5530 ; 0021-9193
ISSN (online)	1098-5530
ISSN	0021-9193
DOI	10.1128/JB.00546-08
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Article: Archaeal flagella, bacterial flagella and type IV pili: a comparison of genes and posttranslational modifications.

Ng, Sandy Y M / Chaban, Bonnie / Jarrell, Ken F

Journal of molecular microbiology and biotechnology

2006 Volume 11, Issue 3-5, Page(s) 167–191

Abstract: The archaeal flagellum is a unique motility organelle. While superficially similar to the bacterial flagellum, several similarities have been reported between the archaeal flagellum and the bacterial type IV pilus system. These include the multiflagellin ...

Abstract	The archaeal flagellum is a unique motility organelle. While superficially similar to the bacterial flagellum, several similarities have been reported between the archaeal flagellum and the bacterial type IV pilus system. These include the multiflagellin nature of the flagellar filament, N-terminal sequence similarities between archaeal flagellins and bacterial type IV pilins, as well as the presence of homologous proteins in the two systems. Recent advances in archaeal flagella research add to the growing list of similarities. First, the preflagellin peptidase that is responsible for processing the N-terminal signal peptide in preflagellins has been identified. The preflagellin peptidase is a membrane-bound enzyme topologically similar to its counterpart in the type IV pilus system (prepilin peptidase); the two enzymes are demonstrated to utilize the same catalytic mechanism. Second, it has been suggested that the archaeal flagellum and the bacterial type IV pilus share a similar mode of assembly. While bacterial flagellins and type IV pilins can be modified with O-linked glycans, N-linked glycans have recently been reported on archaeal flagellins. This mode of glycosylation, as well as the observation that the archaeal flagellum lacks a central channel, are both consistent with the proposed assembly model. On the other hand, the failure to identify other genes involved in archaeal flagellation by homology searches likely implies a novel aspect of the archaeal flagellar system. These interesting features remain to be deciphered through continued research. Such knowledge would be invaluable to motility and protein export studies in the Archaea.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Archaea/genetics ; Archaea/metabolism ; Archaeal Proteins/genetics ; Archaeal Proteins/physiology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Chemotaxis ; Endopeptidases/genetics ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Fimbriae Proteins/genetics ; Fimbriae Proteins/metabolism ; Fimbriae, Bacterial/genetics ; Fimbriae, Bacterial/metabolism ; Flagella/genetics ; Flagella/metabolism ; Flagellin/genetics ; Flagellin/metabolism ; Genes, Archaeal ; Glycosylation ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/genetics ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Sorting Signals/physiology
Chemical Substances	Archaeal Proteins ; Bacterial Proteins ; Polysaccharides ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Flagellin (12777-81-0) ; Fimbriae Proteins (147680-16-8) ; Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.-) ; preflagellin peptidase (EC 3.4.-) ; prepilin peptidase protein, Bacteria (EC 3.4.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2006
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2006915-7
ISSN	1660-2412 ; 1464-1801
ISSN (online)	1660-2412
ISSN	1464-1801
DOI	10.1159/000094053
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Article ; Online: Empirical characteristics of family-based linkage to a complex trait: the ADIPOQ region and adiponectin levels.

Human genetics

2014 Volume 134, Issue 2, Page(s) 203–213

Abstract: We previously identified a low-frequency (1.1 %) coding variant (G45R; rs200573126) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) which was the basis for a multipoint microsatellite linkage signal (LOD = 8.2) for plasma adiponectin levels in Hispanic families. We ... ...

Abstract	We previously identified a low-frequency (1.1 %) coding variant (G45R; rs200573126) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) which was the basis for a multipoint microsatellite linkage signal (LOD = 8.2) for plasma adiponectin levels in Hispanic families. We have empirically evaluated the ability of data from targeted common variants, exome chip genotyping, and genome-wide association study data to detect linkage and association to adiponectin protein levels at this locus. Simple two-point linkage and association analyses were performed in 88 Hispanic families (1,150 individuals) using 10,958 SNPs on chromosome 3. Approaches were compared for their ability to map the functional variant, G45R, which was strongly linked (two-point LOD = 20.98) and powerfully associated (p value = 8.1 × 10(-50)). Over 450 SNPs within a broad 61 Mb interval around rs200573126 showed nominal evidence of linkage (LOD > 3) but only four other SNPs in this region were associated with p values < 1.0 × 10(-4). When G45R was accounted for, the maximum LOD score across the interval dropped to 4.39 and the best p value was 1.1 × 10(-5). Linked and/or associated variants ranged in frequency (0.0018-0.50) and type (coding, non-coding) and had little detectable linkage disequilibrium with rs200573126 (r (2) < 0.20). In addition, the two-point linkage approach empirically outperformed multipoint microsatellite and multipoint SNP analysis. In the absence of data for rs200573126, family-based linkage analysis using a moderately dense SNP dataset, including both common and low-frequency variants, resulted in stronger evidence for an adiponectin locus than association data alone. Thus, linkage analysis can be a useful tool to facilitate identification of high-impact genetic variants.
MeSH term(s)	Adiponectin/blood ; Adiponectin/genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Datasets as Topic ; Family ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Loci ; Hispanic or Latino/genetics ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Chemical Substances	ADIPOQ protein, human ; Adiponectin
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-12-02
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	223009-4
ISSN	1432-1203 ; 0340-6717
ISSN (online)	1432-1203
ISSN	0340-6717
DOI	10.1007/s00439-014-1511-8
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Article: Recent advances in the structure and assembly of the archaeal flagellum.

Bardy, Sonia L / Ng, Sandy Y M / Jarrell, Ken F

Journal of molecular microbiology and biotechnology

2004 Volume 7, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 41–51

Abstract: Archaeal motility occurs through the rotation of flagella that are distinct from the flagella found on bacteria. The differences between the two structures include the multi-flagellin nature of the archaeal filament, the widespread posttranslational ... ...

Abstract	Archaeal motility occurs through the rotation of flagella that are distinct from the flagella found on bacteria. The differences between the two structures include the multi-flagellin nature of the archaeal filament, the widespread posttranslational modification of the flagellins and the presence of a short signal peptide on each flagellin that is cleaved by a specific signal peptidase prior to the incorporation of the mature flagellin into the flagellar filament. Research has revealed similarities between the archaeal flagellum and the type IV pilus, including the presence of similar unusual signal peptides on the flagellins and pilins, similarities in the amino acid sequences of the major structural proteins themselves, as well as similarities between potential assembly and processing components. The recent suggestion that type IV pili are part of a family of cell surface complexes, coupled with the similarities between type IV pili and archaeal flagella, raise questions about the evolution of these systems and possible inclusion of archaeal flagella into this surface complex family.
MeSH term(s)	Archaea/genetics ; Archaea/ultrastructure ; Archaeal Proteins/metabolism ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Flagella/genetics ; Flagella/ultrastructure ; Methanococcus/genetics ; Methanococcus/ultrastructure ; Models, Biological ; Multigene Family
Chemical Substances	Archaeal Proteins ; Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.-) ; preflagellin peptidase (EC 3.4.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2004
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2006915-7
ISSN	1660-2412 ; 1464-1801
ISSN (online)	1660-2412
ISSN	1464-1801
DOI	10.1159/000077868
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