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  1. Article ; Online: Genetic Basis of Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System: Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum

    Ortiz, Genaro Gabriel / Torres-Mendoza, Blanca M. G. / Ramírez-Jirano, Javier / Marquez-Pedroza, Jazmin / Hernández-Cruz, José J. / Mireles-Ramirez, Mario A. / Torres-Sánchez, Erandis D.

    Genes (Basel). 2023 June 23, v. 14, no. 7

    2023  

    Abstract: Demyelinating diseases alter myelin or the coating surrounding most nerve fibers in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The grouping of human central nervous system demyelinating disorders today includes multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis ... ...

    Abstract Demyelinating diseases alter myelin or the coating surrounding most nerve fibers in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The grouping of human central nervous system demyelinating disorders today includes multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) as distinct disease categories. Each disease is caused by a complex combination of genetic and environmental variables, many involving an autoimmune response. Even though these conditions are fundamentally similar, research into genetic factors, their unique clinical manifestations, and lesion pathology has helped with differential diagnosis and disease pathogenesis knowledge. This review aims to synthesize the genetic approaches that explain the differential susceptibility between these diseases, explore the overlapping clinical features, and pathological findings, discuss existing and emerging hypotheses on the etiology of demyelination, and assess recent pathogenicity studies and their implications for human demyelination. This review presents critical information from previous studies on the disease, which asks several questions to understand the gaps in research in this field.
    Keywords autoimmunity ; central nervous system ; etiology ; humans ; myelin sheath ; nerve tissue ; pathogenesis ; pathogenicity ; sclerosis
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0623
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2527218-4
    ISSN 2073-4425
    ISSN 2073-4425
    DOI 10.3390/genes14071319
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: Effect of pesticides on phosphorylation of tau protein, and its influence on Alzheimer's disease.

    Torres-Sánchez, Erandis D / Ortiz, Genaro G / Reyes-Uribe, Emmanuel / Torres-Jasso, Juan H / Salazar-Flores, Joel

    World journal of clinical cases

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 24, Page(s) 5628–5642

    Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and neurodegenerative illness which results in alterations in cognitive development. It is characterized by loss/dysfunction of cholinergic neurons, and formation of amyloid plaques, and formation of ... ...

    Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and neurodegenerative illness which results in alterations in cognitive development. It is characterized by loss/dysfunction of cholinergic neurons, and formation of amyloid plaques, and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, among other changes, due to hyperphosphorylation of tau-protein. Exposure to pesticides in humans occurs frequently due to contact with contaminated food, water, or particles. Organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids are associated with the most diagnosed incidents of severe cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of these pesticides on the phosphorylation of tau protein, and its cognitive implications in the development of AD. It was found that exposure to pesticides increased the phosphorylation of tau protein at sites Ser198, Ser199, Ser202, Thr205, Ser396 and Ser404. Contact with these chemicals altered the enzymatic activities of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and protein phosphatase-2A. Moreover, it altered the expression of the microtubule associated protein tau gene, and changed levels of intracellular calcium. These changes affected tau protein phosphorylation and neuroinflammation, and also increased oxidative stress. In addition, the exposed subjects had poor level of performance in tests that involved evaluation of novelty, as test on verbal, non-verbal, spatial memory, attention, and problem-solving skills.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2307-8960
    ISSN 2307-8960
    DOI 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i24.5628
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Genetic Basis of Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System: Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum.

    Ortiz, Genaro Gabriel / Torres-Mendoza, Blanca M G / Ramírez-Jirano, Javier / Marquez-Pedroza, Jazmin / Hernández-Cruz, José J / Mireles-Ramirez, Mario A / Torres-Sánchez, Erandis D

    Genes

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 7

    Abstract: Demyelinating diseases alter myelin or the coating surrounding most nerve fibers in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The grouping of human central nervous system demyelinating disorders today includes multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis ... ...

    Abstract Demyelinating diseases alter myelin or the coating surrounding most nerve fibers in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The grouping of human central nervous system demyelinating disorders today includes multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) as distinct disease categories. Each disease is caused by a complex combination of genetic and environmental variables, many involving an autoimmune response. Even though these conditions are fundamentally similar, research into genetic factors, their unique clinical manifestations, and lesion pathology has helped with differential diagnosis and disease pathogenesis knowledge. This review aims to synthesize the genetic approaches that explain the differential susceptibility between these diseases, explore the overlapping clinical features, and pathological findings, discuss existing and emerging hypotheses on the etiology of demyelination, and assess recent pathogenicity studies and their implications for human demyelination. This review presents critical information from previous studies on the disease, which asks several questions to understand the gaps in research in this field.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/pathology ; Neuromyelitis Optica/genetics ; Neuromyelitis Optica/pathology ; Central Nervous System/pathology ; Myelin Sheath ; Diagnosis, Differential
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2527218-4
    ISSN 2073-4425 ; 2073-4425
    ISSN (online) 2073-4425
    ISSN 2073-4425
    DOI 10.3390/genes14071319
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunology: A Role for Melatonin in This New Paradigm.

    Bitzer-Quintero, Oscar K / Ortiz, Genaro G / Jaramillo-Bueno, Socorro / Ramos-González, Elsy J / Márquez-Rosales, María G / Delgado-Lara, Daniela L C / Torres-Sánchez, Erandis D / Tejeda-Martínez, Aldo R / Ramirez-Jirano, Javier

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 27, Issue 15

    Abstract: Psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology is the area of study of the intimate relationship between immune, physical, emotional, and psychological aspects. This new way of studying the human body and its diseases was initiated in the last century's first decades. ... ...

    Abstract Psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology is the area of study of the intimate relationship between immune, physical, emotional, and psychological aspects. This new way of studying the human body and its diseases was initiated in the last century's first decades. However, the molecules that participate in the communication between the immune, endocrine, and neurological systems are still being discovered. This paper aims to describe the development of psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology, its scopes, limitations in actual medicine, and the extent of melatonin within it.
    MeSH term(s) Endocrine System ; Humans ; Melatonin
    Chemical Substances Melatonin (JL5DK93RCL)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules27154888
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Dietary fish oil increases catalase activity in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease.

    Torres-Mendoza, Blanca M G / Ortiz, Genaro Gabriel / Sánchez-Romero, Lorenzo / Delgado-Lara, Daniela L C / García Martínez, María T / Mireles-Ramírez, Mario-Alberto / Cruz Serrano, José Antonio / Pacheco Moisés, Fermín Paul

    Nutricion hospitalaria

    2022  

    Abstract: Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles that finally result in synaptic and neuronal loss. Oxidative stress accompanies pathological changes in AD. ...

    Title translation El aceite de pescado en la dieta aumenta la actividad de la catalasa en pacientes con probable enfermedad de Alzheimer.
    Abstract Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles that finally result in synaptic and neuronal loss. Oxidative stress accompanies pathological changes in AD.
    Objective: to assess the efficacy of dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation on the levels of proteins oxidation, hydroperoxides and enzymatic activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in AD patients.
    Methods: clinical, controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. Patients consumed fish oil or placebo for one year. Oxidative stress markers were assessed in plasma using spectrophotometric methods.
    Results: carbonyl groups in proteins and hydroperoxides in plasma have similar values in both treatment groups at the beginning of the study. At six and 12 months of treatment, these values decreased significantly in the fish oil group, while in the placebo group no changes were observed in both oxidative stress markers. Catalase activity increased significantly at six and twelve months after treatment in patients treated with fish oil. While the superoxide dismutase activity was not modified in both study groups.
    Conclusions: patients who consume omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids at a stable dose of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) show decreased oxidation of proteins and lipids in plasma. In addition, an increase in catalase activity was detected. Thus, the presented data warrants further studies evaluating the antioxidant effect of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-03
    Publishing country Spain
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1481223-x
    ISSN 1699-5198 ; 0212-1611
    ISSN (online) 1699-5198
    ISSN 0212-1611
    DOI 10.20960/nh.04153
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunology

    Oscar K. Bitzer-Quintero / Genaro G. Ortiz / Socorro Jaramillo-Bueno / Elsy J. Ramos-González / María G. Márquez-Rosales / Daniela L. C. Delgado-Lara / Erandis D. Torres-Sánchez / Aldo R. Tejeda-Martínez / Javier Ramirez-Jirano

    Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 4888, p

    A Role for Melatonin in This New Paradigm

    2022  Volume 4888

    Abstract: Psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology is the area of study of the intimate relationship between immune, physical, emotional, and psychological aspects. This new way of studying the human body and its diseases was initiated in the last century’s first decades. ... ...

    Abstract Psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology is the area of study of the intimate relationship between immune, physical, emotional, and psychological aspects. This new way of studying the human body and its diseases was initiated in the last century’s first decades. However, the molecules that participate in the communication between the immune, endocrine, and neurological systems are still being discovered. This paper aims to describe the development of psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology, its scopes, limitations in actual medicine, and the extent of melatonin within it.
    Keywords immunology ; endocrinology ; neurology ; psychology ; melatonin ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Cognitive disorder and dementia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    Ortiz, Genaro G / Huerta, Miguel / González-Usigli, Héctor A / Torres-Sánchez, Erandis D / Delgado-Lara, Daniela Lc / Pacheco-Moisés, Fermín P / Mireles-Ramírez, Mario A / Torres-Mendoza, Blanca Mg / Moreno-Cih, Roxana I / Velázquez-Brizuela, Irma E

    World journal of diabetes

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 4, Page(s) 319–337

    Abstract: Insulin, a key pleiotropic hormone, regulates metabolism through several signaling pathways in target tissues including skeletal muscle, liver, and brain. In the brain, insulin modulates learning and memory, and impaired insulin signaling is associated ... ...

    Abstract Insulin, a key pleiotropic hormone, regulates metabolism through several signaling pathways in target tissues including skeletal muscle, liver, and brain. In the brain, insulin modulates learning and memory, and impaired insulin signaling is associated with metabolic dysregulation and neurodegenerative diseases. At the receptor level, in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) models, the amount of insulin receptors and their functions are decreased. Clinical and animal model studies suggest that memory improvements are due to changes in insulin levels. Furthermore, diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance are associated with age-related cognitive decline, increased levels of β-amyloid peptide, phosphorylation of tau protein; oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and dyslipidemia. Recent evidence shows that deleting brain insulin receptors leads to mild obesity and insulin resistance without influencing brain size and apoptosis development. Conversely, deleting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) affects brain size and development, and contributes to behavior changes. Insulin is synthesized locally in the brain and is released from the neurons. Here, we reviewed proposed pathophysiological hypotheses to explain increased risk of dementia in the presence of DM. Regardless of the exact sequence of events leading to neurodegeneration, there is strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in AD and DM. A triple transgenic mouse model of AD showed mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and loss of synaptic integrity. These alterations are comparable to those induced in wild-type mice treated with sucrose, which is consistent with the proposal that mitochondrial alterations are associated with DM and contribute to AD development. Alterations in insulin/IGF-1 signaling in DM could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and low antioxidant capacity of the cell. Thus, insulin/IGF-1 signaling is important for increased neural processing and systemic metabolism, and could be a specific target for therapeutic strategies to decrease alterations associated with age-related cognitive decline.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2583471-X
    ISSN 1948-9358
    ISSN 1948-9358
    DOI 10.4239/wjd.v13.i4.319
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: From Probiotics to Psychobiotics: Live Beneficial Bacteria Which Act on the Brain-Gut Axis.

    Bermúdez-Humarán, Luis G / Salinas, Eva / Ortiz, Genaro G / Ramirez-Jirano, Luis J / Morales, J Alejandro / Bitzer-Quintero, Oscar K

    Nutrients

    2019  Volume 11, Issue 4

    Abstract: There is an important relationship between probiotics, psychobiotics and cognitive and behavioral processes, which include neurological, metabolic, hormonal and immunological signaling pathways; the alteration in these systems may cause alterations in ... ...

    Abstract There is an important relationship between probiotics, psychobiotics and cognitive and behavioral processes, which include neurological, metabolic, hormonal and immunological signaling pathways; the alteration in these systems may cause alterations in behavior (mood) and cognitive level (learning and memory). Psychobiotics have been considered key elements in affective disorders and the immune system, in addition to their effect encompassing the regulation of neuroimmune regulation and control axes (the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis or HPA, the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axis or SAM and the inflammatory reflex) in diseases of the nervous system. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent findings about psychobiotics, the brain-gut axis and the immune system. The review focuses on a very new and interesting field that relates the microbiota of the intestine with diseases of the nervous system and its possible treatment, in neuroimmunomodulation area. Indeed, although probiotic bacteria will be concentrated after ingestion, mainly in the intestinal epithelium (where they provide the host with essential nutrients and modulation of the immune system), they may also produce neuroactive substances which act on the brain-gut axis.
    MeSH term(s) Affect ; Animals ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Brain ; Cognition ; Enteric Nervous System ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; Immune System/metabolism ; Mood Disorders/metabolism ; Mood Disorders/microbiology ; Nervous System Diseases/metabolism ; Nervous System Diseases/microbiology ; Neuroimmunomodulation ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; Probiotics
    Chemical Substances Neurotransmitter Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu11040890
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Beneficial Effect of Melatonin Alone or in Combination with Glatiramer Acetate and Interferon β-1b on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

    Ortíz, Genaro Gabriel / Briones-Torres, Ana Laura / Benitez-King, Gloria / González-Ortíz, Luis Javier / Palacios-Magaña, Claudia Verónica / Pacheco-Moisés, Fermín Paul

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 27, Issue 13

    Abstract: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a relevant animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play a major role in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE. Melatonin, a neurohormone, has potent anti-inflammatory ... ...

    Abstract Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a relevant animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play a major role in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE. Melatonin, a neurohormone, has potent anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of our study was to assess the therapeutic properties of melatonin alone or in combination with interferon β-1b (IFNβ-1b) or glatiramer acetate (GA) on EAE. EAE was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with an intraperitoneal injection of a homogenate of spinal cord and pig brain. At day 10 post immunization, rats were euthanized, and their brains were immediately excised and processed to measure oxidative stress markers and membrane fluidity. In addition, proinflammatory cytokines were quantified in plasma. Melatonin alone or in combination with GA and IFNβ-1b inhibited the disease process of EAE and the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, caused a significant decrement in oxidative stress markers, and preserved the membrane fluidity in the motor cortex, midbrain, and spinal cord. The cumulative index score was significantly reduced in EAE rats treated with melatonin alone or in combination with GA and IFNβ-1b. In conclusion, our findings provide preclinical evidence for the use of melatonin as an adjuvant therapeutic treatment for MS.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biomarkers ; Cytokines ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology ; Glatiramer Acetate/pharmacology ; Glatiramer Acetate/therapeutic use ; Interferon beta-1b/therapeutic use ; Interferon-beta ; Male ; Melatonin/pharmacology ; Melatonin/therapeutic use ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Swine
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Cytokines ; Interferon beta-1b (145155-23-3) ; Glatiramer Acetate (5M691HL4BO) ; Interferon-beta (77238-31-4) ; Melatonin (JL5DK93RCL)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules27134217
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Effectiveness of Enteral Versus Oral Nutrition With a Medium-Chain Triglyceride Formula to Prevent Malnutrition and Growth Impairment in Infants With Biliary Atresia.

    Macías-Rosales, Rocío / Larrosa-Haro, Alfredo / Ortíz-Gabriel, Genaro / Trujillo-Hernández, Benjamín

    Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition

    2016  Volume 62, Issue 1, Page(s) 101–109

    Abstract: ... recommended by the Dietary Recommended Intake guidelines. Protein intake was adjusted to 4 to 5 g/kg present ...

    Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of oral (PO) versus enteral nutrition (EN) medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) containing-formula to prevent malnutrition and growth impairment in infants with biliary atresia (BA) waiting for a liver transplant.
    Methods: A total of 15 infants, 3 to 9 months old with BA were included. They were randomly assigned to either PO or EN. For 12 weeks, both groups received an MCT formula fortified with glucose polymers and corn oil to reach a caloric density between 0.8 and 1 kcal/mL. The formula given to the PO group was administered ad libitum and that given via EN was infused through a nasogastric tube to reach 140% of the energy intake recommended by the Dietary Recommended Intake guidelines. Protein intake was adjusted to 4 to 5 g/kg present weight. Outcome variables were growth and nutritional status evaluated periodically by anthropometric indicators. Biochemical and hematological variables were evaluated through the study.
    Results: Baseline clinical, nutritional, biochemical, and hematological variables showed no differences between the study groups. Baseline length/age was <-2 SD in 10 of the 15 patients; in the PO group, it fell <-3 SD, whereas in the EN group, it remained stable. Head circumference z score dropped 0.6 SD in the PO group, whereas in the EN group it remained stable. Triceps skinfold values improved in the infants taking EN, P < 0.001. The frequency of adverse effects--respiratory infection and diarrhea--was higher in the EN group. No biochemical or hematological differences were observed between the study groups throughout the study.
    Conclusions: A 12-week EN trial with an MCT-fortified formula prevented malnutrition and growth impairment in infants with BA waiting for a liver transplant.
    MeSH term(s) Anthropometry ; Biliary Atresia/complications ; Biliary Atresia/diet therapy ; Body Weight ; Dietary Supplements ; Energy Intake ; Enteral Nutrition/methods ; Female ; Growth Disorders/etiology ; Growth Disorders/prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Formula/chemistry ; Infant Formula/methods ; Infant Nutrition Disorders/etiology ; Infant Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Triglycerides/administration & dosage ; Triglycerides/chemistry ; Waiting Lists
    Chemical Substances Triglycerides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603201-1
    ISSN 1536-4801 ; 0277-2116
    ISSN (online) 1536-4801
    ISSN 0277-2116
    DOI 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000909
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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