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  1. Article ; Online: Protection against COVID-19 in African population: Immunology, genetics, and malaria clues for therapeutic targets.

    Altable, Marcos / de la Serna, Juan Moisés

    Virus research

    2021  Volume 299, Page(s) 198347

    Abstract: Background: There is a marked discrepancy between SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and COVID-19 cases and ...

    Abstract Background: There is a marked discrepancy between SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and COVID-19 cases and deaths in Africa. MAIN: SARS-CoV-2 stimulates humoral and cellular immunity systems, as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear NF-kB signalling pathways, which regulate inflammatory gene expression and immune cell differentiation. The result is pro-inflammatory cytokines release, hyperinflammatory condition, and cytokine storm, which provoke severe lung alterations that can lead to multi-organ failure in COVID-19. Multiple genetic and immunologic factors may contribute to the severity of COVID-19 in African individuals when compared to the rest of the global population. In this article, the role of malaria, NF-kB and MAPK pathways, caspase-12 expression, high level of LAIR-1-containing antibodies, and differential glycophorins (GYPA/B) expression in COVID-19 are discussed.
    Conclusion: Understanding pathophysiological mechanisms can help identify target points for drugs and vaccines development against COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is the first study that explores this link and proposes a biological and molecular answer to the epidemiologic discrepancy in COVID-19 in Africa.
    MeSH term(s) Africa/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/ethnology ; COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19/immunology ; Caspase 12/genetics ; Caspase 12/immunology ; Glycophorins/genetics ; Glycophorins/immunology ; Humans ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Malaria/ethnology ; Malaria/genetics ; Malaria/immunology ; NF-kappa B/immunology ; Receptors, Immunologic/genetics ; Receptors, Immunologic/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Signal Transduction/immunology
    Chemical Substances Glycophorins ; NF-kappa B ; Receptors, Immunologic ; leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 ; Caspase 12 (EC 3.4.22.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 605780-9
    ISSN 1872-7492 ; 0168-1702
    ISSN (online) 1872-7492
    ISSN 0168-1702
    DOI 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198347
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    Zs.A 1965: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Neuropathogenesis in COVID-19.

    Altable, Marcos / Moisés de la Serna, Juan

    Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology

    2020  Volume 79, Issue 11, Page(s) 1247–1249

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Central Nervous System Diseases/virology ; Coronavirus Infections/pathology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Review
    ZDB-ID 3088-0
    ISSN 1554-6578 ; 0022-3069
    ISSN (online) 1554-6578
    ISSN 0022-3069
    DOI 10.1093/jnen/nlaa116
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  3. Article ; Online: Cerebrovascular disease in COVID-19: Is there a higher risk of stroke?

    Altable, Marcos / de la Serna, Juan Moisés

    Brain, behavior, & immunity - health

    2020  Volume 6, Page(s) 100092

    Abstract: The presence of stroke has been observed in young adults (under fifty years of age) without cardiovascular risk factors who are suffering from COVID-19. It is speculated that there is really a significant increase, as a few cases have yet to be described, ...

    Abstract The presence of stroke has been observed in young adults (under fifty years of age) without cardiovascular risk factors who are suffering from COVID-19. It is speculated that there is really a significant increase, as a few cases have yet to be described, or that the infection favors his development. Cerebrovascular events are more common in older patients with stroke risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and those who have elevated fibrin D-dimers. Multiple case reports and series about cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in COVID-19 has been informed. The mechanism that causes cerebral ischemia in COVID-19 remains undiscovered. However, progressively there is increasing evidence of hypercoagulability that can be or contribute to the cause. We review the current literature about CVD both epidemiology and etiology. More studies are needed to understand.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2666-3546
    ISSN (online) 2666-3546
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100092
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  4. Article ; Online: Down's syndrome and COVID-19: risk or protection factor against infection? A molecular and genetic approach.

    Altable, Marcos / de la Serna, Juan Moisés

    Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology

    2020  Volume 42, Issue 2, Page(s) 407–413

    Abstract: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of learning difficulties and intellectual disabilities. DS patients often present with several congenital defects and chronic diseases, including immunity disorders. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory ... ...

    Abstract Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of learning difficulties and intellectual disabilities. DS patients often present with several congenital defects and chronic diseases, including immunity disorders. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) have been seen, which appear to vary with age. At birth, patients present with combined immunodeficiency, with frequent infections that decrease with age. Furthermore, high levels of IL-4 and IL-10 with anti-inflammatory properties and low levels of IL-6 and TNF-α are described in children. The immune system is believed to play an essential role in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, and it has been associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an exaggerated cytokine release syndrome (CRS) that may eventually trigger a severe situation called cytokine storm. On the other hand, genetic features seem to be involved in the predisposition to illness and its severity. Overexpression of DSCR1 and ZAKI-4 inhibits the translocation of activated T lymphocyte nuclear factor (NF-AT) to the nucleus, a main step in the inflammatory responsiveness. We discuss here the possible role of immunology and genetic features of DS in the infection and prognosis in COVID-19.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; COVID-19/blood ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; Child ; Cytokines/blood ; Disease Susceptibility ; Down Syndrome/epidemiology ; Down Syndrome/genetics ; Down Syndrome/immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Inflammation/blood ; Inflammation/epidemiology ; Inflammation/genetics ; Inflammation/immunology ; Protective Factors ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-24
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2016546-8
    ISSN 1590-3478 ; 1590-1874
    ISSN (online) 1590-3478
    ISSN 1590-1874
    DOI 10.1007/s10072-020-04880-x
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  5. Article: Neuroinvasion and Viral Reservoir in COVID-19.

    Altable Pérez, Marcos / De la Serna, Juan Moises

    Cureus

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 10, Page(s) e11014

    Abstract: The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a remarkably high transmissibility potential and sometimes invades the central nervous system (CNS). The study of the involvement of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of the disease is especially ... ...

    Abstract The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a remarkably high transmissibility potential and sometimes invades the central nervous system (CNS). The study of the involvement of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of the disease is especially interesting. Currently, there are only three main theories about it: direct neuroinvasion; blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing and nicotinic hypothesis. Because of the rapid expansion of a virus that until now was unknown, it is necessary to know the mechanisms by which severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) generates the disease. The study of the involvement of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of the disease is especially interesting, since it is the least studied question with more innovative theories that could explain not only neurological complications, but also the primary infection and the involvement of the various organs and systems.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.11014
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  7. Article ; Online: Down’s Syndrome and COVID-19

    Altable, Marcos / de la Serna, Juan Moises

    SSRN Electronic Journal ; ISSN 1556-5068

    Risk or Protection Factor against Infection?

    2020  

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3655616
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Cerebrovascular disease in COVID-19

    Altable, Marcos / de la Serna, Juan Moisés

    Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

    Is there a higher risk of stroke?

    2020  Volume 6, Page(s) 100092

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 2666-3546
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100092
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Neuropathogenesis in COVID-19

    Altable, Marcos / Moisés de la Serna, Juan

    Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology

    2020  Volume 79, Issue 11, Page(s) 1247–1249

    Keywords Pathology and Forensic Medicine ; Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ; Neurology ; Clinical Neurology ; General Medicine ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 3088-0
    ISSN 1554-6578 ; 0022-3069
    ISSN (online) 1554-6578
    ISSN 0022-3069
    DOI 10.1093/jnen/nlaa116
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article: Cerebrovascular disease in COVID-19: Is there a higher risk of stroke?

    Altable, Marcos / de la Serna, Juan Moisés

    Brain, Behav., Immun. - Health

    Abstract: The presence of stroke has been observed in young adults (under fifty years of age) without cardiovascular risk factors who are suffering from COVID-19. It is speculated that there is really a significant increase, as a few cases have yet to be described, ...

    Abstract The presence of stroke has been observed in young adults (under fifty years of age) without cardiovascular risk factors who are suffering from COVID-19. It is speculated that there is really a significant increase, as a few cases have yet to be described, or that the infection favors his development. Cerebrovascular events are more common in older patients with stroke risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and those who have elevated fibrin D-dimers. Multiple case reports and series about cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in COVID-19 has been informed. The mechanism that causes cerebral ischemia in COVID-19 remains undiscovered. However, progressively there is increasing evidence of hypercoagulability that can be or contribute to the cause. We review the current literature about CVD both epidemiology and etiology. More studies are needed to understand.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #599762
    Database COVID19

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