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Article ; Online: Management of recurrent pheochromocytoma in pregnancy in a young Ghanaian.

Akpalu, Josephine / Ampong, Charlotte / Atiase, Yacoba / Yorke, Ernest / Takyi, Charles / Coleman, Jerry / Darkwa, Ebenezer O / Adu-Aryee, Nii A

Ghana medical journal

2023 Volume 56, Issue 4, Page(s) 340–344

Abstract: The co-existence of pheochromocytoma and pregnancy is rare, with poor maternal and foetal outcomes. This is a case report of a young Ghanaian woman with a pre-existing diagnosis of recurrent pheochromocytoma who became pregnant and experienced elevated ... ...

Abstract	The co-existence of pheochromocytoma and pregnancy is rare, with poor maternal and foetal outcomes. This is a case report of a young Ghanaian woman with a pre-existing diagnosis of recurrent pheochromocytoma who became pregnant and experienced elevated blood pressure in the third trimester with proteinuria and abnormal liver function. She was managed as an in-patient and delivered a live baby via caesarean section at 34 weeks after detecting intra-uterine growth restriction. Management of such cases by a multidisciplinary team is recommended for optimal outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Pheochromocytoma/complications ; Pheochromocytoma/diagnosis ; Pheochromocytoma/surgery ; Cesarean Section ; Ghana ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-10
Publishing country	Ghana
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2259233-7
ISSN	2616-163X ; 2616-163X
ISSN (online)	2616-163X
ISSN	2616-163X
DOI	10.4314/gmj.v56i4.14
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Article ; Online: Clinical characteristics and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis: A cross-sectional study from a tertiary hospital in Ghana.

Atiase, Yacoba / Yorke, Ernest / Akpalu, Josephine / Reynolds, Margaret / Annan, Ofoliquaye Allotey / Aryee, Robert / Hayfron-Benjamin, Charles / Yawson, Alfred

Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH

2023 Volume 28, Issue 9, Page(s) 790–796

Abstract: Objectives: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common, severe and often fatal complication of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and precipitants of DKA, as well as factors associated with DKA severity in Ghanaian ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common, severe and often fatal complication of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and precipitants of DKA, as well as factors associated with DKA severity in Ghanaian patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study of the medical records of all 70 adult patients >18 years managed for DKA in the adult emergency room of Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana from March 2019 to July 2019. DKA diagnosis was based on hyperglycaemia >11.0 mmol/L, ketonuria (more than 2+) plus acidaemia of (pH < 7.3) or bicarbonate (HCO Results: The mean (±standard deviation) age, diabetes duration and blood sugar at admission were 44.06 (±16.23) years, 7.19 (±6.04) years and 26.37 (±6.70) mmol/L, respectively. Females comprised 51.4% of the study population. The most common presenting symptoms were generalised weakness (30.0%) and fever (14.3%). The major precipitants were infection (70.0%) and non-compliance (22.9%). Overall, 71.4% of participants had features suggestive of severe DKA. In a multivariable regression model, Type 2 diabetes was associated with over fourfold decreased odds of severe DKA (OR 0.23, 95% CI [0.07-0.76], p = 0.016). Patient education on prevention of DKA was documented for only 18.6% of patients before being discharged. Conclusion: In this study, more than 70% of the study participants had features suggestive of severe DKA, with infection being the most common precipitant of DKA. 51.4% of patients had Type 2 diabetes which was associated with a statistically lower risk of severe DKA. Female sex tended to be positively associated with DKA severity. In a setting where the venous/arterial pH and bicarbonate levels may be inaccessible and/or unaffordable, using clinical features as found in the JBDS guidelines may help categorise patients and escalate care when needed. Indeed it may be useful to validate the use of the JBDS criteria for use in such settings.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis/diagnosis ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis/etiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Bicarbonates
Chemical Substances	Bicarbonates
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1314080-2
ISSN	1365-3156 ; 1360-2276
ISSN (online)	1365-3156
ISSN	1360-2276
DOI	10.1111/tmi.13919
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women with diabetes mellitus in Accra, Ghana.

Atiase, Yacoba / Effah, Kofi / Mawusi Wormenor, Comfort / Tekpor, Ethel / Aku Catherine Morkli, Esu / Boafo, Eunice / Yorke, Ernest / Aryee, Robert / Essel, Nana Owusu Mensah / Danyo, Stephen / Kemawor, Seyram / Akpalu, Josephine

BMC women's health

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 260

Abstract: Background: There is increasing evidence of a higher risk and poorer prognosis of cervical cancer among women with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to the general population. These are mediated by higher susceptibility to persistent high-risk human ... ...

Abstract	Background: There is increasing evidence of a higher risk and poorer prognosis of cervical cancer among women with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to the general population. These are mediated by higher susceptibility to persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection due to dysfunctional clearance in an immunocompromised state. We aimed to determine the prevalence of hr-HPV infection and cervical lesions in a cohort of women with DM in Ghana. We further disaggregated the prevalence according to DM type and explored factors associated with hr-HPV infection. Methods: This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study assessed 198 women with DM who underwent cervical screening via concurrent hr-HPV DNA testing and visual inspection with acetic acid in an outpatient department of the National Diabetes Management and Research Centre in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra from March to May 2022. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to explore factors associated with hr-HPV positivity. Results: Among 198 women with DM (mean age, 60.2 ± 12.1 years), the overall hr-HPV prevalence rate was 21.7% (95% CI, 16.1-28.1), disaggregated as 1.5% (95% CI, 0.3-4.4) each for HPV16 and HPV18 and 20.7% (95% CI, 15.3-27.0) for other HPV genotype(s). Respective hr-HPV prevalence rates were 37.5% (95% CI, 15.2-64.6) for type 1 DM, 19.8% (95% CI, 13.9-26.7) for type 2 DM, and 25.0% (95% CI, 8.7-49.1) for unspecified/other DM types. Past use of the combined contraceptive pill independently increased the risk of hr-HPV infection by approximately three times (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.98; 95% CI, 1.03 - 8.64; p-value = 0.045), whereas each unit increase in FBG level increased the odds of hr-HPV infection by about 15% (aOR = 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02 - 1.30; p-value = 0.021). Conclusion: Our study points to a high prevalence of hr-HPV among women with DM and highlights a need for glycemic control among them as this could contribute to lowering their odds of hr-HPV infection. The low overall rates of HPV vaccination and prior screening also indicate a need to build capacity and expand the scope of education and services offered to women with DM as regards cervical precancer screening.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Papillomavirus Infections/complications ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology ; Aged ; Adult ; Risk Factors ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Papillomaviridae/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050444-5
ISSN	1472-6874 ; 1472-6874
ISSN (online)	1472-6874
ISSN	1472-6874
DOI	10.1186/s12905-024-03078-z
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Article ; Online: A multi-centre investigation of macrovascular and non-ocular microvascular complications in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus in southern Ghana.

Akpalu, Josephine / Essuman, Vera A / Amoaku, Winfried M / Abaidoo, Benjamin / Essuman, Akye / Hayfron-Benjamin, Charles / Barnes, Nana A / Tagoe, Naa N / Asare, George / Ndanu, Thomas A / Appiah-Thompson, Benedicta / Ofori-Adjei, Imelda D-B / Sackey, Adziri H

Ghana medical journal

2024 Volume 57, Issue 2, Page(s) 87–96

Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of macrovascular and non-ocular microvascular complications and the associated factors among children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus in selected hospitals in southern Ghana.: Design: A cross-sectional ...

Abstract	Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of macrovascular and non-ocular microvascular complications and the associated factors among children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus in selected hospitals in southern Ghana. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: The out-patient clinics of the Departments of Child Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, Family Medicine, Ophthalmology, and the National Diabetes Management and Research Centre, all at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, as well as from Cape-Coast Teaching Hospital in the Central Region of Ghana. Participants: Fifty-eight children and adolescents aged 4-19 years who had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Main outcome measures: Macrovascular (peripheral artery disease and coronary heart disease) and non-ocular microvascular complications (neuropathy and nephropathy). Results: Data from 58 children and adolescents with diabetes were analysed. The mean age of participants was 14.6±2.6 years, and a female preponderance was observed (45, 77.6%). The prevalence of macrovascular and non-ocular microvascular complications was 27.6% and 8.6%, respectively. Long duration of diabetes diagnosis (p=0.044) and low triglycerides (p=0.009) were associated with microvascular complications, while high triglycerides (p=0.032), lower HDL cholesterol (p=0.046), and abnormal body mass index (p=0.020) were associated with macrovascular complications. Conclusions: Macrovascular and non-ocular microvascular complications are common among children and adolescents with diabetes in southern Ghana and are associated with a long duration of diabetes diagnosis, abnormal body mass index, low HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Therefore, the early institution of regular screening for diabetes-related complications to allow early detection and appropriate management is recommended. Funding: University of Ghana Research Fund.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Female ; Adolescent ; Diabetic Angiopathies/epidemiology ; Diabetic Angiopathies/diagnosis ; Diabetic Angiopathies/prevention & control ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Triglycerides ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Cholesterol, HDL ; Triglycerides
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	Ghana
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2259233-7
ISSN	2616-163X ; 2616-163X
ISSN (online)	2616-163X
ISSN	2616-163X
DOI	10.4314/gmj.v57i2.2
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Article ; Online: Predictors of anemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus without renal disease

Ernest Yorke / Nana Ama Barnes / Josephine Akpalu / Eunice Boafo / Albert G B Amoah

Nigerian Journal of Medicine, Vol 30, Iss 5, Pp 494-

2021 Volume 500

Abstract: Background: Among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without renal disease, hemoglobin levels tend to be lower than their counterparts without diabetes mellitus with a similar estimated glomerular filtration rate. Low hemoglobin levels have been ... ...

Abstract	Background: Among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without renal disease, hemoglobin levels tend to be lower than their counterparts without diabetes mellitus with a similar estimated glomerular filtration rate. Low hemoglobin levels have been associated with increased morbidity. Objective: We sought to determine the predictors of anemia among T2DM patients without renal disease attending the diabetes center at a tertiary teaching hospital in Accra, Ghana. Materials and Methods: One hundred and ninety-five type 2 diabetes patients aged 35 years and above without overt nephropathy and 184 controls without diabetes were recruited from the National Diabetes Management and Research Center and Orthopedic Outpatients Clinic of the KBTH, respectively. Both groups had full blood count, red cell indices, serum creatinine, and glycated hemoglobin determination as well as medical history and anthropometric measurements. Results: Seventy-nine percent of cases and 75.5% controls were females. The prevalence of anemia among participants with diabetes mellitus was 53.1% compared with 20.5% among controls (P = 0.00). In both groups, more males than females were anemic (68.3% cases, 51.1% controls). The mean duration of diabetes was 9.6 ± 6.22 years among the cases. Logistic regression revealed male gender and diabetes duration >10 years as significant predictors of anemia without renal disease in individuals with T2DM. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia among T2DM participants without overt renal disease was two and half times the rate in control participants without diabetes mellitus. Physicians would be aware and take appropriate steps to identify and manage it to reduce associated morbidity.
Keywords	anemia ; risk factors ; sub-saharan africa ; type 2 diabetes ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Psychosocial barriers to well‐being and quality of life among type 2 diabetes patients in Ghana

Margaret Amankwah‐Poku / Josephine Akpalu / Araba Sefa‐Dedeh / Albert G. B. Amoah

Lifestyle Medicine, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)

2021

Abstract: Abstract Introduction Managing type 2 diabetes can cause psychosocial distress, which can negatively impact patients’ well‐being and quality of life. This study investigated how psychosocial barriers and clinical variables may be associated with general ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Introduction Managing type 2 diabetes can cause psychosocial distress, which can negatively impact patients’ well‐being and quality of life. This study investigated how psychosocial barriers and clinical variables may be associated with general well‐being and quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes. Method One hundred sixty‐two patients from four interdisciplinary hospital‐based diabetes clinics in Accra, the capital of Ghana, were studied by assessing psychosocial barriers (e.g. diabetes‐related distress, family support), clinical variables (e.g. duration of diabetes, diabetes control), general well‐being and quality of life using standardised measures. Result Results showed that increased levels of psychological distress (diabetes distress, depressive symptoms) were associated with poorer general well‐being and reduced quality of life in the different domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, environment), whereas social distress (as measured by non‐supportive family behaviours) was positively correlated with only general well‐being and physical health but not the other dimensions of quality of life. Analysis of clinical variables showed that higher glycaemic levels were associated with poorer physical, psychological and environmental quality of life, but longer duration of diabetes diagnosis was associated with better psychological quality of life. In addition, increased adherence to dietary regimen was associated with better general well‐being and environmental quality of life, whereas increased adherence to exercise regimen was associated with better physical, psychological and environmental quality of life. Conclusion Psychosocial support and education/adherence counselling are needed in the treatment of type 2 diabetes to reduce or eliminate psychosocial distress and to improve self‐care management, thereby improving diabetes control and ultimately, quality of life of patients.
Keywords	behaviour change ; diabetes ; metabolic disease ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Psychosocial distress, clinical variables and self-management activities associated with type 2 diabetes: a study in Ghana.

Amankwah-Poku, Margaret / Amoah, Albert G B / Sefa-Dedeh, Araba / Akpalu, Josephine

Clinical diabetes and endocrinology

2020 Volume 6, Page(s) 14

Abstract: Aim: Psychosocial distress can act as a barrier to diabetes self-care management and thus compromise diabetes control. Yet in Ghana, healthcare centres mainly focus on the medical aspect of diabetes to the neglect of psychosocial care. This study ... ...

Abstract	Aim: Psychosocial distress can act as a barrier to diabetes self-care management and thus compromise diabetes control. Yet in Ghana, healthcare centres mainly focus on the medical aspect of diabetes to the neglect of psychosocial care. This study determined the relationship amongst psychosocial distress, clinical variables, and self-management activities associated with type 2 diabetes management. Method: Questionnaires were administered to 162 patients from four hospitals in Accra, Ghana, to assess psychosocial distress (e.g. diabetes distress), clinical variables (e.g. glycaemic control), and self- management activities (e.g. medication intake) related to diabetes. In assessing diabetes distress, the use of the PAID allowed evaluation of broader range of emotional concerns (diabetes-related emotional distress), while the DDS allowed evaluation of factors more closely related to diabetes self-management (diabetes distress). Results: Diabetes-related emotional distress, diabetes distress and depressive symptoms were reciprocally positively correlated, while non-supportive family behaviour correlated negatively with these psychological variables. Diabetes-related emotional distress correlated positively with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and correlated negatively with exercise regimen. On the other hand, diabetes distress correlated negatively with dietary and exercise regimen and correlated positively with glycaemic levels, while depressive symptoms correlated positively with glycaemic levels, diabetes complication and systolic blood pressure. Contrary to the literature, non-supportive family behaviour correlated positively with diet, exercise and medication regimen. Conclusion: The positive association of psychological variables with glycaemic levels and blood pressure levels, and the positive association of non-supportive family behaviour with self-management activities suggests the need for psychosocial care to be incorporate in the management of type 2 diabetes in Ghana. Patients can be screened for diabetes-related distress and symptoms of depression and provided psychosocial care where necessary.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834859-X
ISSN	2055-8260
ISSN	2055-8260
DOI	10.1186/s40842-020-00102-7
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Thyroid-associated Orbitopathy in Accra.

Ackuaku-Dogbe, Edith Mawunyo / Akpalu, Josephine / Abaidoo, Benjamin

Middle East African journal of ophthalmology

2017 Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 183–189

Abstract: Purpose: Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), a clinical manifestation of Graves' disease, is an autoimmune disorder of the orbital and periorbital tissue. Data on the epidemiology and clinical presentation of TAO in Africa are generally scarce and ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), a clinical manifestation of Graves' disease, is an autoimmune disorder of the orbital and periorbital tissue. Data on the epidemiology and clinical presentation of TAO in Africa are generally scarce and unavailable in Ghana. We investigated the epidemiology and clinical features of TAO among patients with thyroid disorders attending the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra. Subjects and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with thyroid disorders which was conducted at the endocrine and orbital clinics of the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital. Diagnosis was based on clinical features and confirmed by a thyroid function test. Data collected and analyzed included demography, systemic and ocular features of thyroid disorder, and thyroid function tests. Results: Of the 194 patients with thyroid disorders recruited, 117 (60.30%) had TAO. The mean age was 45.22 years (standard deviation: 13.90). The male:female ratio was 1:4.45. The most common ocular symptoms were "bulging eyes" (76/65.00%) and "puffy eyelid" (62/53.00%), and the common signs were eyelid retraction (97/82.91%) and proptosis (80/68.38%). Mild TAO was diagnosed in 64.96% of patients with only 6.84% having the severe form. The outcomes of the thyroid function test, thyroid disorder, and severity of TAO did not record any statistically significant differences. Conclusions: The epidemiology is similar to those reported from other parts of the world, but the ocular presentation seems to be milder than in Caucasians.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Age Distribution ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Graves Ophthalmopathy/diagnosis ; Graves Ophthalmopathy/epidemiology ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Sex Distribution
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2545467-5
ISSN	0975-1599 ; 0974-9233
ISSN (online)	0975-1599
ISSN	0974-9233
DOI	10.4103/meajo.MEAJO_91_17
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Article ; Online: Challenges in the Management of a Patient with Myxoedema Coma in Ghana: A Case Report.

Akpalu, Josephine / Atiase, Yacoba / Yorke, Ernest / Fiscian, Henrietta / Kootin-Sanwu, Cecilia / Akpalu, Albert

Ghana medical journal

2017 Volume 51, Issue 1, Page(s) 39–42

Abstract: Myxoedema coma is a rare life-threatening disease, and it is essential that it is managed appropriately to reduce the associated high mortality. However, in the setting where efficient healthcare delivery is hampered by inadequacies, the management of ... ...

Abstract	Myxoedema coma is a rare life-threatening disease, and it is essential that it is managed appropriately to reduce the associated high mortality. However, in the setting where efficient healthcare delivery is hampered by inadequacies, the management of such cases may pose a significant challenge. We present the case of a middle-aged woman diagnosed with myxoedema coma and severe hyponatremia. The case report highlights some of the challenges that may be encountered during the management of myxoedema coma in similar settings and outlines the management strategies undertaken to overcome them in the absence of national guidelines. It also brings to the fore the need for clinicians to look out for clinical features suggestive of hypothyroidism particularly among high risk individuals for early diagnosis and treatment. Funding: None declared.
MeSH term(s)	Coma/blood ; Coma/diagnosis ; Coma/therapy ; Female ; Ghana ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism/therapy ; Middle Aged ; Myxedema/blood ; Myxedema/diagnosis ; Myxedema/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-28
Publishing country	Ghana
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2259233-7
ISSN	2616-163X ; 2616-163X
ISSN (online)	2616-163X
ISSN	2616-163X
DOI	10.4314/gmj.v51i1.8
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Article ; Online: Steroid-induced dysglycaemia in patients with haematological disorders a ten-year review in a tertiary hospital in Ghana.

Dei-Adomakoh, Yvonne A / Akpalu, Josephine / Yawson, Alfred E / Ekem, Ivy / Reynolds, Margaret / Atiase, Yacoba

Ghana medical journal

2019 Volume 53, Issue 2, Page(s) 156–162

Abstract: Background: Glucocorticoids (steroids) play a key role in the management of multiple medical conditions including haematological disorders. This study looked at the prevalence of steroid induced dysglycaemia in patients with haematological disorders ... ...

Abstract	Background: Glucocorticoids (steroids) play a key role in the management of multiple medical conditions including haematological disorders. This study looked at the prevalence of steroid induced dysglycaemia in patients with haematological disorders receiving steroids as part of their treatment with the view of modifying its use and selection of patients where necessary. Methods: A retrospective review of haematology patients on treatment regimens including steroids. Information extracted included, demographic characteristics, clinical information such as age, gender, haematological disorder, type of steroid, daily and cumulative dose of steroid, duration of therapy, family history of diabetes and alcohol use. Results: The case records of 351 haematology patients were reviewed. However, eight patients with dysglycaemia before therapy were excluded. The median age of patients was 51.0 ± 26.0(IQR: Interquartile Range) years, with an age range of 13 to 87 years, and a female: male ratio of 1.2: 1 (p= 0.778). The prevalence of Steroid-Induced Dysglycaemia (SID) was 3.79% with a mean diagnosis interval of 8.8 + 2.1 months. Overall, 245 (71.4%) patients were on continuous steroids. Among the 13 patients who developed SID, 11 (84.6%) were on continuous steroids. In the majority of the patients (97.1%) there was no family history of diabetes in a first degree relative. Significant differences were found between patients with normoglycaemia and those with dysglycaemia with respect to age (p=0.049) and duration of steroid therapy (p=0.024). Conclusion: The prevalence of steroid-induced dysglycaemia is relatively low among Ghanaian patients with haematological disorders on steroid based chemotherapy. Funding: None declared.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Glucocorticoids/adverse effects ; Hematologic Diseases/drug therapy ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia/chemically induced ; Hyperglycemia/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Glucocorticoids
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-03
Publishing country	Ghana
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2259233-7
ISSN	2616-163X ; 2616-163X
ISSN (online)	2616-163X
ISSN	2616-163X
DOI	10.4314/gmj.v53i2.11
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