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Article ; Online: Reply to Qian and Zhang: Demonstration of the effect of codon usage on transcription by multiple approaches from fungi to animal cells.

Zhao, Fangzhou / Liu, Yi

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2021 Volume 118, Issue 20

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Codon/genetics ; Codon Usage ; Fungi/genetics
Chemical Substances	Codon
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2104896118
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Article ; Online: Therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus casei Qian treatment in activated carbon-induced constipated mice.

Zhao, Xin / Suo, Hua-Yi / Qian, Yu / Li, Gui-Jie / Liu, Zhen-Hu / Li, Jian

Molecular medicine reports

2015 Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) 3191–3199

Abstract: In the present study, the therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus casei Qian (LC-Qian), the key ... were treated with LC-Qian for nine days by oral administration. The body weight, defecation status ... Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB)-treated, LC-Qian (L)-and LC-Qian (H)-treated mice was 93, 231, 121, 194, 172 and 157 min ...

Abstract	In the present study, the therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus casei Qian (LC-Qian), the key microorganism in Tibetan yak yoghurt, on activated carbon-induced constipation were determined in vivo. ICR mice were treated with LC-Qian for nine days by oral administration. The body weight, defecation status, gastrointestinal transit and defecation time of mice were assessed, and the serum levels of motilin (MTL), gastrin (Gas), endothelin (ET), somatostatin (SS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were further evaluated. Bisacodyl was used as the positive control. The time until the first black stool defecation following carbon intake of the normal, control, 100 mg/kg bisacodyl-treated, Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB)-treated, LC-Qian (L)-and LC-Qian (H)-treated mice was 93, 231, 121, 194, 172 and 157 min, respectively. Following treatment with LC-Qian, the gastrointestinal transit was increased to 52.4% [LC-Qian (L)] and 65.8% [LC-Qian (H)], while that in the group treated with the common lactic acid bacteria of LB was 40.3%. The MTL, Gas, ET, AChE, SP and VIP serum levels were significantly increased and levels of SS were reduced in mice following LC-Qian treatment compared with those in the control mice (P<0.05). Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that LC-Qian raised the c-Kit, GDNF as well as SCF mRNA expression levels and reduced the TRPV1 and NOS expression levels in tissue of the small intestine in mice. These results suggested that lactic acid bacteria prevent constipation in mice, among which LC-Qian was the most effective.
MeSH term(s)	Acetylcholinesterase/genetics ; Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Animals ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Carbon ; Constipation/chemically induced ; Constipation/diet therapy ; Constipation/genetics ; Constipation/physiopathology ; Defecation/drug effects ; Endothelins/genetics ; Endothelins/metabolism ; Female ; GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics ; GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism ; Gastrins/genetics ; Gastrins/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Transit/drug effects ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; Intestine, Small/drug effects ; Intestine, Small/metabolism ; Intestine, Small/physiopathology ; Lactobacillus casei/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Motilin/genetics ; Motilin/metabolism ; Probiotics/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/metabolism ; Somatostatin/genetics ; Somatostatin/metabolism ; Substance P/genetics ; Substance P/metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels/genetics ; TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/genetics ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Endothelins ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; Gastrins ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; TRPV Cation Channels ; TRPV1 protein, mouse ; Substance P (33507-63-0) ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (37221-79-7) ; Somatostatin (51110-01-1) ; Motilin (52906-92-0) ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) ; Ache protein, mouse (EC 3.1.1.7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1791-3004
ISSN (online)	1791-3004
DOI	10.3892/mmr.2015.3737
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Article ; Online: Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao herbal granules protect against the calcium oxalate-induced renal EMT by inhibiting the TGF-β/smad pathway.

Liu, Wen-Rui / Lu, Hong-Tao / Zhao, Ting-Ting / Ding, Jia-Rong / Si, Ya-Chen / Chen, Wei / Hou, Jie-Bin / Gao, Song-Yan / Dong, Xin / Yu, Bing / Guo, Zhi-Yong / Lu, Jian-Rao

Pharmaceutical biology

2020 Volume 58, Issue 1, Page(s) 1115–1122

Abstract: Context: Nephrolithiasis is a major public health problem worldwide and Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao ...

Abstract	Context: Nephrolithiasis is a major public health problem worldwide and Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao granules (FFJQC) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula that is used to treat nephrolithiasis. The main component of nephrolithiasis is calcium oxalate (CaOx) and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) shown to play a crucial role in CaOx-induced kidney injury. However, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of FFJQC on the CaOx-induced renal EMT is unknown. Objective: This study explores the therapeutic benefits and mechanism of FFJQC in oxalate-induced kidney injury. Materials and methods: 60 male C57BL/6 mice were used in this experiment and divided into 6 groups. A mouse kidney stone model was created by intraperitoneal injection of glyoxylate at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 6 days. The standardized FFJQC was used to treat mouse crystal kidney injury by gavage at 1.35 and 2.7 g/kg, respectively. Western blotting and immunostaining for E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18 (CK18), vimentin, smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway were conducted on renal tissues. Results: Following CaOx-induced kidney injury, the levels of E-cadherin and CK18 in kidney decreased, while vimentin and α-SMA levels increased. The FFJQC treatment increased the levels of E-cadherin and CK18 and decreased vimentin and α-SMA levels in varying degrees. What's more, the FFJQC reduced the expression of CaOx-induced fibrosis marker collagen II. Conclusion: FFJQC alleviated the CaOx-induced renal EMT and fibrosis by regulating TGF-β/smad pathway. Therefore, the FFJQC is an important traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of CaOx-induced renal injury and fibrosis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/toxicity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects ; Kidney Calculi/prevention & control ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nephrolithiasis/prevention & control ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Smad Proteins/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cadherins ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Smad Proteins ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Calcium Oxalate (2612HC57YE)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1440131-9
ISSN	1744-5116 ; 1388-0209
ISSN (online)	1744-5116
ISSN	1388-0209
DOI	10.1080/13880209.2020.1844241
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Article ; Online: Retrotransposon "Qian" mediated segmental duplication in silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Xu, Yunmin / Jiang, Ning / Zou, Ziliang / Tu, Zhijian / Chen, Anli / Zhao, Qiaoling / Xiang, Zhonghuai / He, Ningjia

Insect biochemistry and molecular biology

2014 Volume 46, Page(s) 9–16

Abstract: ... as "Qian") was identified and the model for the Qian-mediated chromosomal segmental duplication was ...

Abstract	Transposable elements constitute a large fraction of the eukaryotic genomes. They have the potential to alter genome structure and play a major role in genome evolution. Here, we report a segmental duplication mediated by a novel long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon as the cause of an egg-shell recessive lethal mutant (l-em mutant) in silkworm (Bombyx mori). The segmental duplication resulted in the duplication of six genes and the disruption of two genes. Disruption of BmEP80 (B. mori egg protein 80), a gene encoding a major egg-shell structure protein, is likely responsible for the lethal water-loss phenotype in the l-em/l-em mutant. Our data revealed that BmEP80 is present in the inner egg-shell layer and plays important roles in resistance to water efflux form eggs. A novel LTR retrotransposon (named as "Qian") was identified and the model for the Qian-mediated chromosomal segmental duplication was proposed. Detail biochemical and genomic analyses on the l-em mutant offer an opportunity to demonstrate that an LTR retrotransposon could trigger duplication of a chromosomal segment (∼96.3 kb) and confer novel phenotype.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bombyx/genetics ; Bombyx/growth & development ; Bombyx/metabolism ; Egg Shell/metabolism ; Larva/genetics ; Larva/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retroelements ; Segmental Duplications, Genomic ; Terminal Repeat Sequences
Chemical Substances	Retroelements
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1483248-3
ISSN	1879-0240 ; 0965-1748
ISSN (online)	1879-0240
ISSN	0965-1748
DOI	10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.01.002
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Article: Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao herbal granules protect against the calcium oxalate-induced renal EMT by inhibiting the TGF-β/smad pathway

Liu, Wen-Rui / Lu, Hong-Tao / Zhao, Ting-Ting / Ding, Jia-Rong / Si, Ya-Chen / Chen, Wei / Hou, Jie-Bin / Gao, Song-Yan / Dong, Xin / Yu, Bing / Guo, Zhi-Yong / Lu, Jian-Rao

Pharmaceutical biology. 2020 Jan. 1, v. 58, no. 1

2020

Abstract: Nephrolithiasis is a major public health problem worldwide and Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao granules (FFJQC ...

Abstract	Nephrolithiasis is a major public health problem worldwide and Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao granules (FFJQC) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula that is used to treat nephrolithiasis. The main component of nephrolithiasis is calcium oxalate (CaOx) and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) shown to play a crucial role in CaOx-induced kidney injury. However, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of FFJQC on the CaOx-induced renal EMT is unknown. This study explores the therapeutic benefits and mechanism of FFJQC in oxalate-induced kidney injury. 60 male C57BL/6 mice were used in this experiment and divided into 6 groups. A mouse kidney stone model was created by intraperitoneal injection of glyoxylate at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 6 days. The standardized FFJQC was used to treat mouse crystal kidney injury by gavage at 1.35 and 2.7 g/kg, respectively. Western blotting and immunostaining for E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18 (CK18), vimentin, smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway were conducted on renal tissues. Following CaOx-induced kidney injury, the levels of E-cadherin and CK18 in kidney decreased, while vimentin and α-SMA levels increased. The FFJQC treatment increased the levels of E-cadherin and CK18 and decreased vimentin and α-SMA levels in varying degrees. What’s more, the FFJQC reduced the expression of CaOx-induced fibrosis marker collagen II. FFJQC alleviated the CaOx-induced renal EMT and fibrosis by regulating TGF-β/smad pathway. Therefore, the FFJQC is an important traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of CaOx-induced renal injury and fibrosis.
Keywords	Oriental traditional medicine ; cadherins ; calcium ; calcium oxalate ; collagen ; fibrosis ; intraperitoneal injection ; kidneys ; males ; mice ; models ; public health ; renal calculi ; smooth muscle ; therapeutics ; vimentin
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0101
Size	p. 1124-1131.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1440131-9
ISSN	1744-5116 ; 1388-0209
ISSN (online)	1744-5116
ISSN	1388-0209
DOI	10.1080/13880209.2020.1844241
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao herbal granules protect against the calcium oxalate-induced renal EMT by inhibiting the TGF-β/smad pathway

Wen-Rui Liu / Hong-Tao Lu / Ting-Ting Zhao / Jia-Rong Ding / Ya-Chen Si / Wei Chen / Jie-Bin Hou / Song-Yan Gao / Xin Dong / Bing Yu / Zhi-Yong Guo / Jian-Rao Lu

Pharmaceutical Biology, Vol 58, Iss 1, Pp 1124-

2020 Volume 1131

Abstract: Context Nephrolithiasis is a major public health problem worldwide and Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao ...

Abstract	Context Nephrolithiasis is a major public health problem worldwide and Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao granules (FFJQC) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula that is used to treat nephrolithiasis. The main component of nephrolithiasis is calcium oxalate (CaOx) and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) shown to play a crucial role in CaOx-induced kidney injury. However, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of FFJQC on the CaOx-induced renal EMT is unknown. Objective This study explores the therapeutic benefits and mechanism of FFJQC in oxalate-induced kidney injury. Materials and methods 60 male C57BL/6 mice were used in this experiment and divided into 6 groups. A mouse kidney stone model was created by intraperitoneal injection of glyoxylate at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 6 days. The standardized FFJQC was used to treat mouse crystal kidney injury by gavage at 1.35 and 2.7 g/kg, respectively. Western blotting and immunostaining for E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18 (CK18), vimentin, smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway were conducted on renal tissues. Results Following CaOx-induced kidney injury, the levels of E-cadherin and CK18 in kidney decreased, while vimentin and α-SMA levels increased. The FFJQC treatment increased the levels of E-cadherin and CK18 and decreased vimentin and α-SMA levels in varying degrees. What’s more, the FFJQC reduced the expression of CaOx-induced fibrosis marker collagen II. Conclusion FFJQC alleviated the CaOx-induced renal EMT and fibrosis by regulating TGF-β/smad pathway. Therefore, the FFJQC is an important traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of CaOx-induced renal injury and fibrosis.
Keywords	oxalate crystals ; renal fibrosis ; traditional chinese medicine ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Therapeutic effects of Qian-Yu decoction and its three extracts on carrageenan-induced chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in rats.

Zhang, Keda / Zeng, Xiaobin / Chen, Yonggang / Zhao, Rong / Wang, Hui / Wu, Jinhu

BMC complementary and alternative medicine

2017 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 75

Abstract: Background: Qian-Yu decoction (QYD) is a traditional Chinese medicinal recipe composed of Radix ...

Abstract	Background: Qian-Yu decoction (QYD) is a traditional Chinese medicinal recipe composed of Radix astragali (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge) P.K. Hsiao, Fabaceae ), Herba epimedii (Epimedium brevicornum Maxim., Berberidaceae), Herba leonuri (Leonurus japonicus Houtt., Lamiaceae), Cortex phellodendri (Phellodendron chinense Schneid., Rutaceae) and Radix achyranthis bidentatae (Achyranthes bidentata Bl., Amaranthaceae). This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic activity of QYD against carrageenan-induced chronic prostatic/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) in rats and further elucidate its effective components. Methods: Three types of components, total polysaccharides, total flavonoids and total saponins were separately extracted from QYD. Carrageenan-induced CP/CPPS rats were intragastrically administered with lyophilized product of QYD, individual extracts and all the combined forms of extracts for three weeks. Prostatic index (PI) was determined and histopathological analysis was performed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) in rat prostate tissues were measured using ELISA. The production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was evaluated by an enzymatic activity assay, and the release of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by a nitrate/nitrite assay. Results: Treatment with QYD significantly ameliorated the histological changes of CP/CPPS rats and reduced the PI by 44.3%, with a marked downregulation of TNF-α (42.8% reduction), IL-1β (45.3%), COX-2 (36.6%), PGE2 (44.2%), iNOS (54.1%) and NO (46.0%). Each of three extracts attenuated the symptom of CP/CPPS, but much more weakly than QYD. The combined administration of three extracts showed efficacy comparable to that of QYD while better than that of any combination of two extracts. A principal component analysis of the six inflammatory mediators as variables indicated that the effects of TS on CP/CPPS were rather different from those of TF and TP, which were similar. Conclusions: QYD can be beneficial in prevention and treatment of CP/CPPS. Polysaccharides, flavonoids and saponins, as the major effective components of QYD, exert a cooperative effect on CP/CPPS.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Carrageenan ; Chronic Pain/blood ; Chronic Pain/chemically induced ; Chronic Pain/drug therapy ; Drug Synergism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Flavonoids/therapeutic use ; Inflammation/chemically induced ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Inflammation Mediators/blood ; Magnoliopsida/chemistry ; Male ; Pelvic Pain/blood ; Pelvic Pain/chemically induced ; Pelvic Pain/drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Polysaccharides/pharmacology ; Polysaccharides/therapeutic use ; Prostate/drug effects ; Prostate/pathology ; Prostatitis/blood ; Prostatitis/chemically induced ; Prostatitis/drug therapy ; Prostatitis/pathology ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins/pharmacology ; Saponins/therapeutic use ; Syndrome
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Flavonoids ; Inflammation Mediators ; Polysaccharides ; Saponins ; Carrageenan (9000-07-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050429-9
ISSN	1472-6882 ; 1472-6882
ISSN (online)	1472-6882
ISSN	1472-6882
DOI	10.1186/s12906-016-1553-7
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of Chinese medicine Qian-Yu for chronic bacterial prostatitis in rats.

Wu, Jinhu / Yuan, Qianying / Zhang, Daohua / Zhang, Xiaoyan / Zhao, Lijun / Zhang, Xiaohua / Ruan, Jinlan

Indian journal of pharmacology

2011 Volume 43, Issue 5, Page(s) 532–535

Abstract: Objectives: Qian-Yu (QY), a Chinese medicine formula, has anti-inflammatory and broad spectrum ... anti-bacterial activity. This study is undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Qian-Yu ...

Abstract	Objectives: Qian-Yu (QY), a Chinese medicine formula, has anti-inflammatory and broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity. This study is undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Qian-Yu (QY) in chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). Materials and methods: The potential of QY in the treatment of CBP was evaluated using a CBP animal model by examining the anti-inflammatory activity. Its consequences were analyzed by immunological and histopathological methods. Experimental chronic bacterial prostatitis was induced by instillation of bacterial suspension of Escherichia coli 7.5 × 10(5) CFU/ml into the prostatic urethra. Animals were followed up for four weeks and then treated with either 7 mg/kg QY or 7 mg/kg positive control agent-Qianlietai (QLT) or 1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for the controls. Ten rats in each group were sacrificed at the end of four weeks. The inhibition of inflammation and its consequences were analyzed histologically. Prostatic IL-8, SIgA and zinc concentrations were measured by ELISA, RIA and ICP-AES, respectively. The data was expressed as mean ± S.D. Least-significant difference (LSD) of one-way ANOVA (SPSS 12.0) was used to determine the differences of scores. Results: The histopathology showed resolving prostatitis in QY-and QLT-treated groups and the immunology showed reduction of IL-8 and increment of SIgA contents in prostatic tissues as compared to the control groups. The prostatic zinc levels were higher in the QY-and QLT-treated groups than those in the controls. These results suggested that QY is effective in CBP treatment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-10-20
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605829-2
ISSN	1998-3751 ; 0253-7613
ISSN (online)	1998-3751
ISSN	0253-7613
DOI	10.4103/0253-7613.84964
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Zs.A 1983: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 311: Show issues

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Book: Yi ju qian jin

Zhao, Jinming

30 ju han yu you bei jing = Golden Sentences : Travel in Beijing with 30 Sentences

2005

Author's details	Jinming Zhao
Language	Chinese ; English
Size	41 S., ill
Publisher	Beijing yu yan da xue chu ban she
Publishing place	Beijing
Document type	Book
ISBN	9787900689009 ; 7900689001
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Article ; Online: Therapeutic effects of Qian-Yu decoction and its three extracts on carrageenan-induced chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in rats

Zhang, Keda / Zeng, Xiaobin / Chen, Yonggang / Zhao, Rong / Wang, Hui / Wu, Jinhu

BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Dec., v. 17, no. 1 p.75-75

2017

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Qian-Yu decoction (QYD) is a traditional Chinese medicinal recipe composed of Radix ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Qian-Yu decoction (QYD) is a traditional Chinese medicinal recipe composed of Radix astragali (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge) P.K. Hsiao, Fabaceae), Herba epimedii (Epimedium brevicornum Maxim., Berberidaceae), Herba leonuri (Leonurus japonicus Houtt., Lamiaceae), Cortex phellodendri (Phellodendron chinense Schneid., Rutaceae) and Radix achyranthis bidentatae (Achyranthes bidentata Bl., Amaranthaceae). This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic activity of QYD against carrageenan-induced chronic prostatic/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) in rats and further elucidate its effective components. METHODS: Three types of components, total polysaccharides, total flavonoids and total saponins were separately extracted from QYD. Carrageenan-induced CP/CPPS rats were intragastrically administered with lyophilized product of QYD, individual extracts and all the combined forms of extracts for three weeks. Prostatic index (PI) was determined and histopathological analysis was performed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) in rat prostate tissues were measured using ELISA. The production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was evaluated by an enzymatic activity assay, and the release of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by a nitrate/nitrite assay. RESULTS: Treatment with QYD significantly ameliorated the histological changes of CP/CPPS rats and reduced the PI by 44.3%, with a marked downregulation of TNF-α (42.8% reduction), IL-1β (45.3%), COX-2 (36.6%), PGE2 (44.2%), iNOS (54.1%) and NO (46.0%). Each of three extracts attenuated the symptom of CP/CPPS, but much more weakly than QYD. The combined administration of three extracts showed efficacy comparable to that of QYD while better than that of any combination of two extracts. A principal component analysis of the six inflammatory mediators as variables indicated that the effects of TS on CP/CPPS were rather different from those of TF and TP, which were similar. CONCLUSIONS: QYD can be beneficial in prevention and treatment of CP/CPPS. Polysaccharides, flavonoids and saponins, as the major effective components of QYD, exert a cooperative effect on CP/CPPS.
Keywords	Achyranthes japonica ; Astragalus membranaceus ; Epimedium brevicornu ; Leonurus japonicus ; Phellodendron chinense ; complement ; enzyme activity ; flavonoids ; freeze drying ; histology ; histopathology ; inducible nitric oxide synthase ; interleukin-1beta ; nitrates ; nitric oxide ; nitrites ; pain ; polysaccharides ; principal component analysis ; prostaglandin synthase ; prostaglandins ; prostatitis ; rats ; saponins ; therapeutics ; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-12
Size	p. 75.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Resource is Open Access
ZDB-ID	2050429-9
ISSN	1472-6882
ISSN	1472-6882
DOI	10.1186/s12906-016-1553-7
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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