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Article ; Online: Structural Racism and Racial Trauma Among African Americans at Elevated Risk for HIV Infection.

Burton, Kelsey L / Ritchwood, Tiarney D / Metzger, Isha W

2023 Volume 113, Issue S2, Page(s) S102–S106

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Black or African American ; HIV Infections ; Systemic Racism ; Racial Groups ; Racism
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2023.307223
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Article ; Online: Advancing Public Health and Social Equity Through Research, Training, and Action.

Taggart, Tamara / Smiley, Sabrina L / Ritchwood, Tiarney D

American journal of public health

2023 Volume 113, Issue S2, Page(s) S98–S101

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Public Health ; Social Justice ; Health Policy ; Health Equity ; Social Determinants of Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2023.307340
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Article ; Online: Cultural interventions addressing disparities in the HIV prevention and treatment cascade among Black/African Americans: a scoping review.

Vitsupakorn, Shawin / Pierce, Nia / Ritchwood, Tiarney D

BMC public health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 1748

Abstract: Culture is an important determinant of HIV risk and protective behaviors; yet, we know little about how it is integrated in HIV interventions. This scoping review characterizes the integration of culture in HIV prevention and treatment interventions ... ...

Abstract	Culture is an important determinant of HIV risk and protective behaviors; yet, we know little about how it is integrated in HIV interventions. This scoping review characterizes the integration of culture in HIV prevention and treatment interventions focused on Black/African Americans. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed manuscripts published between July 1, 2011, and June 28, 2021. Twenty-five interventions were identified, with 96% focused on prevention. Most (40%) targeted men who have sex with men or transgender women. Only three were grounded in cultural theory. Although all interventions were labeled "culturally based," only two explicitly defined culture. Moreover, there was much diversity regarding the ways in which interventions integrated cultural elements, with some conflating race/ethnicity with culture. To improve uptake and HIV-related outcomes, interventions integrating culture are greatly needed. Additionally, HIV interventions purporting to be "culturally based" must include basic information to support rigor and reproducibility.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Male ; Black or African American ; HIV Infections/ethnology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Homosexuality, Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Culturally Competent Care/ethnology ; Culture ; Healthcare Disparities/ethnology ; Transgender Persons
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-023-16658-9
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Article ; Online: Now It's Time to Implement Social Capital and Sexually Transmitted Infection/HIV Interventions in the United States.

Ransome, Yusuf / Ritchwood, Tiarney D

Sexually transmitted diseases

2020 Volume 47, Issue 7, Page(s) e95–e96

MeSH term(s)	HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Humans ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control ; Social Capital ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	435191-5
ISSN	1537-4521 ; 0148-5717
ISSN (online)	1537-4521
ISSN	0148-5717
DOI	10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001188
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Article ; Online: Racial and ethnic disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake among United States adults, aged 27-45 years.

Rincon, Natalie L / McDowell, Kelsey Rae / Weatherspoon, Darien / Ritchwood, Tiarney D / Rocke, Daniel J / Adjei Boakye, Eric / Osazuwa-Peters, Nosayaba

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics

2024 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 2313249

Abstract: In 2018, the Food and Drug Administration expanded the age of eligibility for the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to 27 to 45 years. However, it is unclear if there are racial/ethnic disparities in HPV vaccine uptake for this age-group following this ... ...

Abstract	In 2018, the Food and Drug Administration expanded the age of eligibility for the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to 27 to 45 years. However, it is unclear if there are racial/ethnic disparities in HPV vaccine uptake for this age-group following this expanded recommendation. We aimed to identify any disparities in HPV vaccine in 27 to 45 year-olds based on sociodemographic factors. We analyzed nationally representative, cross-sectional data from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey (
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; United States ; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Racial Groups ; Human Papillomavirus Viruses ; Vaccination ; Healthcare Disparities
Chemical Substances	Papillomavirus Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2664176-8
ISSN	2164-554X ; 2164-5515
ISSN (online)	2164-554X
ISSN	2164-5515
DOI	10.1080/21645515.2024.2313249
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Article ; Online: A qualitative analysis of family support for adolescent HIV care in South Africa.

Malo, Vincenzo F / Ritchwood, Tiarney D / Hart, Lauren J / Atujuna, Millicent

AIDS care

2022 Volume 35, Issue 3, Page(s) 425–430

Abstract: Compared to other age groups, South African adolescents living with HIV (ALWH) have the lowest rates of retention in HIV care and medication adherence. While previous research suggests that familial social support may improve treatment retention and ... ...

Abstract	Compared to other age groups, South African adolescents living with HIV (ALWH) have the lowest rates of retention in HIV care and medication adherence. While previous research suggests that familial social support may improve treatment retention and adherence within this population, we know little about the influence of differential types of social support on HIV-related outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this study is to qualitatively characterize the influence of type of familial social support on treatment retention and adherence among ALWH. We interviewed adolescents living with perinatally-acquired HIV (n = 20), their caregivers (n = 19), and community stakeholders (n = 20) in Cape Town, South Africa. Data were coded using deductive and inductive approaches to content analysis. We identified four types of familial social support: instrumental, appraisal, emotional, and informational support. Families provided instrumental support through logistical assistance, including transportation to appointments and pill reminders. Families also provided both emotional support and appraisal support, encouraging ALWH to adhere to their medication regimens by reflecting upon its importance to their futures. For informational support, families often educated ALWH about their HIV status and strategies for disease self-management. In characterizing familial social support, our findings highlight potential targets of future interventions to improve HIV-related outcomes among ALWH.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Family Support ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Social Support ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Medication Adherence
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1012651-x
ISSN	1360-0451 ; 0954-0121
ISSN (online)	1360-0451
ISSN	0954-0121
DOI	10.1080/09540121.2022.2121956
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Article ; Online: Does Type of Social Support Influence Medication Adherence Among South African Adolescents Living With HIV? A Quantitative Analysis of Pilot Data.

Malo, Vincenzo F / Ritchwood, Tiarney D / Relf, Michael V / Bekker, Linda-Gail

The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC

2022 Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 492–498

Abstract: Abstract: Adolescents living with HIV often experience worse medication adherence than older and younger individuals living with HIV. One factor that may mitigate poor adherence is social support. However, few studies have examined the influence of ... ...

Abstract	Abstract: Adolescents living with HIV often experience worse medication adherence than older and younger individuals living with HIV. One factor that may mitigate poor adherence is social support. However, few studies have examined the influence of specific social support constructs on HIV outcomes like medication adherence. In response to this gap, we performed bivariate analyses using data from 104 adolescents living with HIV in Cape Town, South Africa to understand the relationship between three types of social support (emotional, informational, and instrumental support) and four HIV-related outcomes: adherence self-efficacy, last recorded CD4+ count, last recorded viral load, and adherence to clinic appointments in the past year. We found small positive associations between two social support types (emotional and informational support) and adherence self-efficacy, with no other statistically significant associations. In light of our small sample size, future studies should seek to understand the differential effects of specific types of social support on HIV-related outcomes to better inform interventions for adolescents living with HIV.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/psychology ; Humans ; Medication Adherence/psychology ; Social Support ; South Africa ; Viral Load
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1159376-3
ISSN	1552-6917 ; 1055-3290
ISSN (online)	1552-6917
ISSN	1055-3290
DOI	10.1097/JNC.0000000000000325
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Article ; Online: Sexual and reproductive health needs of young people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Mkumba, Laura S / Nassali, Martha / Benner, Jasmine / Ritchwood, Tiarney D

Reproductive health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 219

Abstract: Background: Young people living with HIV(YPLWH) in low-and middle-income countries are entering adolescence and young adulthood in significant numbers. The majority of the HIV-related research on these young people has focused on clinical outcomes with ... ...

Abstract	Background: Young people living with HIV(YPLWH) in low-and middle-income countries are entering adolescence and young adulthood in significant numbers. The majority of the HIV-related research on these young people has focused on clinical outcomes with less emphasis on their sexual and reproductive health (SRH). There is an increasing awareness of the importance of understanding and addressing their SRH needs, as many are at elevated risk of transmitting HIV to their sexual partners and young women, in particular, are at significant risk for transmitting HIV to their infants. The purpose of this scoping review is to synthesize research investigating the SRH needs of young people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We searched electronic databases for studies focusing on young people aged 10-24 years and 27 studies met inclusion criteria. Results: This review identified four themes characterizing research on SRH among young people living with HIV: knowledge of SRH, access to SRH services, sexual practices, and future family planning and childrearing. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a need for additional research on comprehensive sexuality education to equip YPLWH with knowledge to facilitate desirable SRH outcomes, interventions on sero-status disclosure and condom use, and health provider capacity to provide SRH services in their pre-existing HIV clinical care.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Developing Countries ; Female ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Reproductive Health ; Reproductive Health Services ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Health ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1742-4755
ISSN (online)	1742-4755
DOI	10.1186/s12978-021-01269-7
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Article ; Online: Messaging matters: achieving equity in the HIV response through public health communication.

Taggart, Tamara / Ritchwood, Tiarney D / Nyhan, Kate / Ransome, Yusuf

The lancet. HIV

2021 Volume 8, Issue 6, Page(s) e376–e386

Abstract: Public health messages shape how the world understands the HIV epidemic. Considerable inequalities remain in HIV care continuum indicators by subpopulation and geography (eg, highest infection and mortality burden among men who have sex with men and ... ...

Abstract	Public health messages shape how the world understands the HIV epidemic. Considerable inequalities remain in HIV care continuum indicators by subpopulation and geography (eg, highest infection and mortality burden among men who have sex with men and people who live in sub-Saharan Africa). Health equity-focused approaches are necessary in this next decade to close gaps in the HIV epidemic. Between 1981 and 1989, HIV messages triggered fear and victim blaming, and highlighted behaviours of a few marginalised groups as deviant. Between 1990 and 1999, messages signalled that HIV was a growing challenge for the world and required multisector approaches that addressed structural drivers of inequality. Between 2000 and 2009, messages highlighted universal testing, while advances in HIV testing made these messages easier for individuals to respond to than in previous decades. Currently, messages signal that ending HIV is possible, people can live productive lives with HIV, and transmission to people without HIV can be eliminated. Public health messaging about the HIV epidemic has evolved substantially over the past 40 years. Future HIV messaging should be driven by health equity principles that include an increased representation of key populations in message design and dissemination, transparency of funding, and communicating any impact that campaigns have had on closing health inequalities.
MeSH term(s)	HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/psychology ; Health Communication ; Health Equity ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Public Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ISSN	2352-3018
ISSN (online)	2352-3018
DOI	10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00078-3
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Article ; Online: "Family before Anyone Else": A Qualitative Study on Family, Marginalization, and HIV among Hispanic or Latino/a/x Mexican Sexual Minority Males.

García, Moctezuma / Ramos, S Raquel / Aponte-Soto, Lisa / Ritchwood, Tiarney D / Drabble, Laurie A

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 15

Abstract: This study explored the influence family relationships have on HIV-related factors among Hispanic or Latino/a/x Mexican sexual minority cisgender males in San Antonio, TX, US. A total of 15 young adults (7 people living with HIV; PLWH) ages 21-30 ... ...

Abstract	This study explored the influence family relationships have on HIV-related factors among Hispanic or Latino/a/x Mexican sexual minority cisgender males in San Antonio, TX, US. A total of 15 young adults (7 people living with HIV; PLWH) ages 21-30 completed a semi-structured interview. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. The following themes emerged: (1) family support; (2) mother-son relationships; (3) father-son relationships; (4) sibling support; (5) family marginalization of sexual minorities; and (6) internalized homophobia. People who reported being HIV negative were more likely to have a prominent mother-son relationship, strong sense of family, supportive siblings, and family acceptance as a sexual minority. PLWH were more likely to report a weak sense of family, being raised in a maternal-led household, and less likely to have a relationship with their father and siblings. Marginalization among participants regardless of HIV status included exposure to religious rhetoric stigmatizing sexual minorities and fathers' reinforcing Mexican traditional gender norms. In addition to encountering homophobia, PLWH were further marginalized by family members due to their HIV status. The findings suggest a need for greater attention to examining the impact of familial support of Hispanic or Latino/a/x Mexican sexual minority cisgender males as young adults with or at risk of HIV.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Hispanic or Latino ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Social Stigma ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19158899
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