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  1. Article ; Online: How do natural environments shape adaptive cognition across the lifespan?

    Hartley, Catherine A

    Trends in cognitive sciences

    2022  Volume 26, Issue 12, Page(s) 1029–1030

    Abstract: How does human cognition adapt to idiosyncratic features of our real-world experiences across our lifetimes? The dynamic interaction between individuals and their natural environments is rarely the focus of study within cognitive science, but I argue ... ...

    Abstract How does human cognition adapt to idiosyncratic features of our real-world experiences across our lifetimes? The dynamic interaction between individuals and their natural environments is rarely the focus of study within cognitive science, but I argue that a more ecological approach will be critical for advancing developmental science and revealing the adaptive nature of cognition.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Longevity ; Cognition ; Cognitive Science ; Environment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2010989-1
    ISSN 1879-307X ; 1364-6613
    ISSN (online) 1879-307X
    ISSN 1364-6613
    DOI 10.1016/j.tics.2022.10.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Adolescents flexibly adapt action selection based on controllability inferences.

    Raab, Hillary A / Goldway, Noam / Foord, Careen / Hartley, Catherine A

    Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)

    2024  Volume 31, Issue 3

    Abstract: From early in life, we encounter both controllable environments, in which our actions can causally influence the reward outcomes we experience, and uncontrollable environments, in which they cannot. Environmental controllability is theoretically proposed ...

    Abstract From early in life, we encounter both controllable environments, in which our actions can causally influence the reward outcomes we experience, and uncontrollable environments, in which they cannot. Environmental controllability is theoretically proposed to organize our behavior. In controllable contexts, we can learn to proactively select instrumental actions that bring about desired outcomes. In uncontrollable environments, Pavlovian learning enables hard-wired, reflexive reactions to anticipated, motivationally salient events, providing "default" behavioral responses. Previous studies characterizing the balance between Pavlovian and instrumental learning systems across development have yielded divergent findings, with some studies observing heightened expression of Pavlovian learning during adolescence and others observing a reduced influence of Pavlovian learning during this developmental stage. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether a theoretical model of controllability-dependent arbitration between learning systems might explain these seemingly divergent findings in the developmental literature, with the specific hypothesis that adolescents' action selection might be particularly sensitive to environmental controllability. To test this hypothesis, 90 participants, aged 8-27, performed a probabilistic-learning task that enables estimation of Pavlovian influence on instrumental learning, across both controllable and uncontrollable conditions. We fit participants' data with a reinforcement-learning model in which controllability inferences adaptively modulate the dominance of Pavlovian versus instrumental control. Relative to children and adults, adolescents exhibited greater flexibility in calibrating the expression of Pavlovian bias to the degree of environmental controllability. These findings suggest that sensitivity to environmental reward statistics that organize motivated behavior may be heightened during adolescence.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Conditioning, Classical/physiology ; Learning/physiology ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Conditioning, Operant/physiology ; Reward
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1204777-6
    ISSN 1549-5485 ; 1072-0502
    ISSN (online) 1549-5485
    ISSN 1072-0502
    DOI 10.1101/lm.053901.123
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    Zs.A 4107: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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  3. Article ; Online: Equivalent pupillary mimicry in younger and older adults.

    Hartley, Alan A / Reed, Catherine L

    Psychology and aging

    2022  Volume 37, Issue 5, Page(s) 604–613

    Abstract: Pupillary contagion is a form of autonomic mimicry in which faces with dilated pupils elicit larger pupils in observers whereas faces with constricted pupils elicit smaller pupils. Autonomic reactivity may be fundamental to higher order social processes, ...

    Abstract Pupillary contagion is a form of autonomic mimicry in which faces with dilated pupils elicit larger pupils in observers whereas faces with constricted pupils elicit smaller pupils. Autonomic reactivity may be fundamental to higher order social processes, yet older adults may be less likely to register other's autonomic signals. We explored pupillary contagion in younger and older adult observers. We presented younger and older observers with partial-face photographs of women with the pupils manipulated to be small, medium, or large. The faces were either young (20s) or old (70s). There were two tasks: To judge the model's age and to judge which pupil was larger. In the pupil judgment task, the magnitude of response was lower in older adults than in younger adults, but both younger and older observers showed equivalent pupillary contagion. In the age judgment task, which did not draw attention to the pupils, we found no evidence of pupillary contagion in either age-group. Registration of the autonomic signal of pupil dilation does not appear to be impaired in older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aging ; Female ; Humans ; Judgment ; Pupil/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 635596-1
    ISSN 1939-1498 ; 0882-7974
    ISSN (online) 1939-1498
    ISSN 0882-7974
    DOI 10.1037/pag0000688
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    Zs.A 3194: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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  4. Article ; Online: Electrophysiological concomitants of pupillary synchrony.

    Hartley, Alan A / Chitre, Aditi M / Reed, Catherine L

    Psychophysiology

    2023  Volume 60, Issue 12, Page(s) e14405

    Abstract: Pupillary synchrony or contagion is the automatic unconscious mimicry of pupil dilation in dyadic interactions. This experiment explored electrophysiological event-related potential (ERP) concomitants of pupillary synchrony. Artificial pupils (black dots) ...

    Abstract Pupillary synchrony or contagion is the automatic unconscious mimicry of pupil dilation in dyadic interactions. This experiment explored electrophysiological event-related potential (ERP) concomitants of pupillary synchrony. Artificial pupils (black dots) were superimposed on either partial faces (eyes, nose, brow) or random textures. Observers were asked to judge dot size (large, medium, or small). There was clear evidence of pupillary synchrony with observer pupil dilation greater to large dots than to small or medium dots. The pupillary synchrony increased in magnitude throughout the trial and was found both with faces and with textures. When the stimuli were partial faces with artificial pupils (dots), there was ERP activity related to target dot size in the period at P250 and P3. A face specific N170 was also found. When the stimuli were random textures with dots, there was ERP activity at P1 and in the interval from 140 to 200 ms post-stimulus onset. The use of ERP with pupillometry revealed results for faces that were consistent with a social explanation of pupillary synchrony whereas results for textures were consistent with a local luminance explanation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pupil/physiology ; Evoked Potentials/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 209486-1
    ISSN 1540-5958 ; 0048-5772
    ISSN (online) 1540-5958
    ISSN 0048-5772
    DOI 10.1111/psyp.14405
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    Zs.A 502: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  5. Article ; Online: Age-related similarities and differences in cognitive and neural processing revealed by task-related microstate analysis.

    Denaro, Chandlyr M / Reed, Catherine L / Joshi, Jasmin / Petropoulos, Astrid / Thapar, Anjali / Hartley, Alan A

    Neurobiology of aging

    2024  Volume 136, Page(s) 9–22

    Abstract: We explored neural processing differences associated with aging across four cognitive functions. In addition to ERP analysis, we included task-related microstate analyses, which identified stable states of neural activity across the scalp over time, to ... ...

    Abstract We explored neural processing differences associated with aging across four cognitive functions. In addition to ERP analysis, we included task-related microstate analyses, which identified stable states of neural activity across the scalp over time, to explore whole-head neural activation differences. Younger and older adults (YA, OA) completed face perception (N170), word-pair judgment (N400), visual oddball (P3), and flanker (ERN) tasks. Age-related effects differed across tasks. Despite age-related delayed latencies, N170 ERP and microstate analyses indicated no age-related differences in amplitudes or microstates. However, age-related condition differences were found for P3 and N00 amplitudes and scalp topographies: smaller condition differences were found for in OAs as well as broader centroparietal scalp distributions. Age group comparisons for the ERN revealed similar focal frontocentral activation loci, but differential activation patterns. Our findings of differential age effects across tasks are most consistent with the STAC-r framework which proposes that age-related effects differ depending on the resources available and the kinds of processing and cognitive load required of various tasks.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Cognition/physiology ; Aging/physiology ; Judgment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604505-4
    ISSN 1558-1497 ; 0197-4580
    ISSN (online) 1558-1497
    ISSN 0197-4580
    DOI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.01.007
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    Zs.A 1685: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MG 10: Show issues

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  6. Article ; Online: Developmental change in prefrontal cortex recruitment supports the emergence of value-guided memory.

    Nussenbaum, Kate / Hartley, Catherine A

    eLife

    2021  Volume 10

    Abstract: Prioritizing memory for valuable information can promote adaptive behavior across the lifespan, but it is unclear how the neurocognitive mechanisms that enable the selective acquisition of useful knowledge develop. Here, using a novel task coupled with ... ...

    Abstract Prioritizing memory for valuable information can promote adaptive behavior across the lifespan, but it is unclear how the neurocognitive mechanisms that enable the selective acquisition of useful knowledge develop. Here, using a novel task coupled with functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined how children, adolescents, and adults (N = 90) learn from experience what information is likely to be rewarding, and modulate encoding and retrieval processes accordingly. We found that the ability to use learned value signals to selectively enhance memory for useful information strengthened throughout childhood and into adolescence. Encoding and retrieval of high- vs. low-value information was associated with increased activation in striatal and prefrontal regions implicated in value processing and cognitive control. Age-related increases in value-based lateral prefrontal cortex modulation mediated the relation between age and memory selectivity. Our findings demonstrate that developmental increases in the strategic engagement of the prefrontal cortex support the emergence of adaptive memory.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adolescent Development ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Association Learning ; Brain Mapping ; Child ; Child Development ; Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory ; Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging ; Neural Pathways/growth & development ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Prefrontal Cortex/growth & development ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.69796
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  7. Article ; Online: Mechanisms of learning and plasticity in childhood and adolescence.

    Fandakova, Yana / Hartley, Catherine A

    Developmental cognitive neuroscience

    2020  Volume 42, Page(s) 100764

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-30
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2572271-2
    ISSN 1878-9307 ; 1878-9307
    ISSN (online) 1878-9307
    ISSN 1878-9307
    DOI 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100764
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  8. Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "Reinforcement learning across development: What insights can we draw from a decade of research?" [Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 40 (2019) 100733].

    Nussenbaum, Kate / Hartley, Catherine A

    Developmental cognitive neuroscience

    2020  Volume 45, Page(s) 100832

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-30
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2572271-2
    ISSN 1878-9307 ; 1878-9293
    ISSN (online) 1878-9307
    ISSN 1878-9293
    DOI 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100832
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  9. Article ; Online: Computational Mechanisms of Addiction and Anxiety: A Developmental Perspective.

    Goldway, Noam / Eldar, Eran / Shoval, Gal / Hartley, Catherine A

    Biological psychiatry

    2023  Volume 93, Issue 8, Page(s) 739–750

    Abstract: A central goal of computational psychiatry is to identify systematic relationships between transdiagnostic dimensions of psychiatric symptomatology and the latent learning and decision-making computations that inform individuals' thoughts, feelings, and ... ...

    Abstract A central goal of computational psychiatry is to identify systematic relationships between transdiagnostic dimensions of psychiatric symptomatology and the latent learning and decision-making computations that inform individuals' thoughts, feelings, and choices. Most psychiatric disorders emerge prior to adulthood, yet little work has extended these computational approaches to study the development of psychopathology. Here, we lay out a roadmap for future studies implementing this approach by developing empirically and theoretically informed hypotheses about how developmental changes in model-based control of action and Pavlovian learning processes may modulate vulnerability to anxiety and addiction. We highlight how insights from studies leveraging computational approaches to characterize the normative developmental trajectories of clinically relevant learning and decision-making processes may suggest promising avenues for future developmental computational psychiatry research.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Anxiety Disorders ; Learning ; Psychopathology ; Emotions ; Anxiety
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209434-4
    ISSN 1873-2402 ; 0006-3223
    ISSN (online) 1873-2402
    ISSN 0006-3223
    DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.004
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    Zs.A 720: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Valence biases in reinforcement learning shift across adolescence and modulate subsequent memory.

    Rosenbaum, Gail M / Grassie, Hannah L / Hartley, Catherine A

    eLife

    2022  Volume 11

    Abstract: As individuals learn through trial and error, some are more influenced by good outcomes, while others weight bad outcomes more heavily. Such valence biases may also influence memory for past experiences. Here, we examined whether valence asymmetries in ... ...

    Abstract As individuals learn through trial and error, some are more influenced by good outcomes, while others weight bad outcomes more heavily. Such valence biases may also influence memory for past experiences. Here, we examined whether valence asymmetries in reinforcement learning change across adolescence, and whether individual learning asymmetries bias the content of subsequent memory. Participants ages 8-27 learned the values of 'point machines,' after which their memory for trial-unique images presented with choice outcomes was assessed. Relative to children and adults, adolescents overweighted worse-than-expected outcomes during learning. Individuals' valence biases modulated incidental memory, such that those who prioritized worse- (or better-) than-expected outcomes during learning were also more likely to remember images paired with these outcomes, an effect reproduced in an independent dataset. Collectively, these results highlight age-related changes in the computation of subjective value and demonstrate that a valence-asymmetric valuation process influences how information is prioritized in episodic memory.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Learning ; Male ; Memory, Episodic ; Reinforcement, Psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.64620
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