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  1. Article ; Online: Assessing the Concordance of MRSA Carriage Screening With MRSA Infections.

    Mannheim, Jonathan / Kumar, Madan / Bhagat, Palak H / Nelson, Allison

    Hospital pediatrics

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) 84–92

    Abstract: Objectives: This study focused on children with confirmed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections to determine MRSA screening utility in guiding empirical anti-MRSA treatment of children without history of MRSA infection. We ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: This study focused on children with confirmed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections to determine MRSA screening utility in guiding empirical anti-MRSA treatment of children without history of MRSA infection. We examined the concordance of screens to assess differences by infection type and used statistical analysis to determine significant contributors to concordance.
    Methods: Pediatric hospital patients admitted from 2002 through 2022 were included. Subjects had MRSA infections subsequent to MRSA surveillance screens performed the preceding year. Statistical analysis identified associations between MRSA screens and infections. Number needed to treat analysis calculated the utility of rescreening.
    Results: Among 246 subjects, 39.0% had concordant screens; 151 (61.4%) screens were obtained in the 2 weeks preceding infection. Sensitivity for bacteremia was 50.0% (n = 42), for endotracheal/respiratory 44.4% (n = 81), and 29.4% (n = 102) for skin and soft-tissue infection. For children aged younger than 6 months, sensitivity was 35.9% (n = 78). Multivariable analysis significantly associated days since screening with decreasing likelihood of concordance. Regression modeled the probability of concordance to drop below 50.0% for all infections after 4 days, after 6 days for bacteremia specifically, and 12 days for endotracheal/respiratory infections.
    Conclusions: The concordance of screens was far lower than negative predictive values found previously; earlier studies were possibly impacted by low prevalence and exclusion of children at high risk to inform high negative predictive values. We suggest that negative MRSA screens should not invalidate reasonable suspicion for MRSA infection in patients with high pretest probabilities.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy ; Staphylococcal Skin Infections/drug therapy ; Hospitalization ; Bacteremia/diagnosis ; Bacteremia/epidemiology ; Bacteremia/drug therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2154-1671
    ISSN (online) 2154-1671
    DOI 10.1542/hpeds.2023-007368
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst children.

    Mannheim, Jonathan / Konda, Sreenivas / Logan, Latania K

    Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology

    2022  Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 337–346

    Abstract: Background: COVID-19 disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minority populations, but comparatively few epidemiologic studies have been performed on children as compared to adults.: Objectives: To characterise factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 ...

    Abstract Background: COVID-19 disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minority populations, but comparatively few epidemiologic studies have been performed on children as compared to adults.
    Objectives: To characterise factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections amongst children from Chicago, Illinois, USA.
    Methods: A test-negative case-control study of children tested for SARS-CoV-2 (0-18 years) at three medical centres of the Rush University System for Health between 12 March and 7 December 2020 was conducted. Of 8462 children, 1,302 tested positive by real-time PCR or rapid (NAAT) testing. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 was analysed as the outcome variable; effects of predictors were assessed by logistic regression analysis. A Paediatric Risk Score Index with a concordance index of 72% of accuracy was created to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    Results: The median age of cases was 13 years. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were being Hispanic/Latinx (odds ratio [OR] 2.45, 95% CI 1.99, 3.03); Black/African-American (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03, 1.66); overweight/obese (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02, 1.58); older age, 10-14 years (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.39, 2.08), 15-18 years (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.71, 2.47); from households with income <$50,000 (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.17, 1.60); or residing in predominantly minority neighbourhoods (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.17, 1.80). Infections were higher during the second "fall" wave (5 October 2020 onward) compared with the first "spring" wave (OR 2.30, 95% CI 2.01, 2.63). Within Chicago, racial/ethnic minority neighbourhoods had striking positivity rates, as high as 39% in majority Hispanic/Latinx West Lawn neighbourhood. In suburban Chicago, highest positivity rates (20%-28%) were in zip codes within Hispanic/Latinx communities.
    Conclusions: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is more likely amongst children of Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity, Black/African-American race, aged 10-18 years, who are overweight/obese, from lower income households, and from minority neighbourhoods. Future studies should focus on the prevention of COVID-19 infection in children of highest risk.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethnicity ; Humans ; Minority Groups ; Obesity ; Overweight ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639089-4
    ISSN 1365-3016 ; 0269-5022 ; 1353-663X
    ISSN (online) 1365-3016
    ISSN 0269-5022 ; 1353-663X
    DOI 10.1111/ppe.12865
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Characteristics of Hospitalized Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases in Chicago, Illinois, March-April 2020.

    Mannheim, Jonathan / Gretsch, Stephanie / Layden, Jennifer E / Fricchione, Marielle J

    Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

    2020  Volume 9, Issue 5, Page(s) 519–522

    Abstract: Background: To date, no report on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and coinfection for hospitalized cases has been published.: Methods: This was a case series of ... ...

    Abstract Background: To date, no report on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and coinfection for hospitalized cases has been published.
    Methods: This was a case series of Chicago COVID-19 patients aged 0-17 years reported to the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) from March 5 to April 8, 2020. Enhanced case investigation was performed. χ 2 and Wilcoxon 2-sample tests were used to compare characteristics among hospitalized and nonhospitalized cases.
    Results: During March 5-April 8, 2020, 6369 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported to CDPH; 64 (1.0%) were among children aged 0-17 years. Ten patients (16%) were hospitalized, and 7 (70%) required intensive care (median length of hospitalization, 4 days [range, 1-14 days]). Reported fever and dyspnea were significantly higher in hospitalized patients than in nonhospitalized patients (9/10 vs 28/54, P = .04 and 7/10 vs 10/54, P = .002, respectively). Hospitalized patients were significantly younger than nonhospitalized patients (median, 3.5 years vs 12 years; P = .03) and all either had an underlying comorbidity or coinfection. Among the 34 unique households with multiple laboratory-confirmed infections, the median number of laboratory-confirmed infections was 2 (range, 2-5), and 31 (91%) households had at least 1 COVID-19-infected adult. For 15 households with available data to assess transmission, 11 (73%) were adult-to-child, 2 (13%) child-to-child, and 2 (13%) child-to-adult.
    Conclusions: Enhanced case investigation of hospitalized patients revealed that underlying comorbidities and coinfection might have contributed to severe disease. Given frequency of household transmission, healthcare providers should consider alternative dispositional planning for affected families of children living with comorbidities.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Chicago ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comorbidity ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Cough/etiology ; Female ; Fever/etiology ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pandemics ; Patient Acuity ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2668791-4
    ISSN 2048-7207 ; 2048-7193
    ISSN (online) 2048-7207
    ISSN 2048-7193
    DOI 10.1093/jpids/piaa070
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: NEMA NU 4-2008 performance evaluation and MR compatibility tests of an APD-based small animal PET-insert for simultaneous PET/MR imaging.

    Disselhorst, Jonathan A / Newport, Danny F / Schmid, Andreas M / Schmidt, Fabian P / Parl, Christoph / Liu, Chih-Chieh / Pichler, Bernd J / Mannheim, Julia G

    Physics in medicine and biology

    2022  Volume 67, Issue 4

    Abstract: An avalanche photodiode (APD)-based small animal positron emission tomography (PET)-insert was fully evaluated for its PET performance, as well as potential influences on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance. This PET-insert has an extended axial ...

    Abstract An avalanche photodiode (APD)-based small animal positron emission tomography (PET)-insert was fully evaluated for its PET performance, as well as potential influences on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance. This PET-insert has an extended axial field of view (FOV) compared with the previous design to increase system sensitivity, as well as an updated cooling and temperature regulation to enable stable and reproducible PET acquisitions. The PET performance was evaluated according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU4-2008 protocol. The energy and timing resolution's full width at half maximum were 16.1% and 4.7 ns, respectively. The reconstructed radial spatial resolution of the PET-insert was 1.8 mm full width at half maximum at the center FOV using filtered back projection for reconstruction and sensitivity was 3.68%. The peak noise equivalent count rates were 70 kcps for a rat-like and 350 kcps for a mouse-like phantom, respectively. Image quality phantom values and contrast recovery were comparable to state-of-the art PET-inserts and standalone systems. Regarding MR compatibility, changes in the mean signal-to-noise ratio for turbo spin echo and echo-planar imaging sequences were below 8.6%, for gradient echo sequences below 1%. Degradation of the mean homogeneity was below 2.3% for all tested sequences. The influence of the PET-insert on the
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Avalanches ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/veterinary ; Mice ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography/veterinary ; Rats ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208857-5
    ISSN 1361-6560 ; 0031-9155
    ISSN (online) 1361-6560
    ISSN 0031-9155
    DOI 10.1088/1361-6560/ac499d
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Characteristics of Hospitalized Pediatric COVID-19 Cases - Chicago, Illinois, March - April 2020

    Mannheim, Jonathan / Gretsch, Stephanie / Layden, Jennifer E / Fricchione, Marielle J

    Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, no report on COVID-19 pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and co-infection for hospitalized cases has been published. METHODS: Case series of Chicago COVID-19 patients aged 0-17 years ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: To date, no report on COVID-19 pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and co-infection for hospitalized cases has been published. METHODS: Case series of Chicago COVID-19 patients aged 0-17 years reported to Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) from 3/5/20-4/8/20. Enhanced case investigation performed. Chi-square and Wilcoxon two-sample tests to compare characteristics among hospitalized and non-hospitalized cases. RESULTS: During March 5-April 8, 2020, 6369 lab-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported to CDPH; 64 (1.0%) were among children 0-17 years. Ten patients (16%) were hospitalized, seven (70%) required intensive care (ICU); median length of hospitalization 4 days (range: 1-14). Reported fever and dyspnea were significantly higher in hospitalized patients compared to non-hospitalized patients (9/10 vs. 28/54, p = 0.04 and 7/10 vs. 10/54, p = 0.002, respectively). Hospitalized patients were significantly younger than non-hospitalized patients (median, 3.5 years vs. 12 years; p = 0.03) and all either had an underlying comorbidity or co-infection. Among the 34 unique households with multiple laboratory-confirmed infections, median number of laboratory-confirmed infections was 2 (range: 2-5), and 31 (91%) households had at least one COVID-19 infected adult. For 15 households with available data to assess transmission, 11 (73%) were adult-to-child, 2 (13%) child-to-child, and 2 (13%) child-to-adult. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced case investigation of hospitalized patients revealed that underlying comorbidities and co-infection might have contributed to severe disease. Given frequency of household transmission, healthcare providers should consider alternative dispositional planning for affected families of children living with comorbidities.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #457269
    Database COVID19

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  6. Article: Characteristics of Hospitalized Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases in Chicago, Illinois, March-April 2020

    Mannheim, Jonathan / Gretsch, Stephanie / Layden, Jennifer E / Fricchione, Marielle J

    J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, no report on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and coinfection for hospitalized cases has been published. METHODS: This was a case series of Chicago ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: To date, no report on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and coinfection for hospitalized cases has been published. METHODS: This was a case series of Chicago COVID-19 patients aged 0-17 years reported to the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) from March 5 to April 8, 2020. Enhanced case investigation was performed. χ 2 and Wilcoxon 2-sample tests were used to compare characteristics among hospitalized and nonhospitalized cases. RESULTS: During March 5-April 8, 2020, 6369 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported to CDPH; 64 (1.0%) were among children aged 0-17 years. Ten patients (16%) were hospitalized, and 7 (70%) required intensive care (median length of hospitalization, 4 days [range, 1-14 days]). Reported fever and dyspnea were significantly higher in hospitalized patients than in nonhospitalized patients (9/10 vs 28/54, P†=†.04 and 7/10 vs 10/54, P†=†.002, respectively). Hospitalized patients were significantly younger than nonhospitalized patients (median, 3.5 years vs 12 years; P†=†.03) and all either had an underlying comorbidity or coinfection. Among the 34 unique households with multiple laboratory-confirmed infections, the median number of laboratory-confirmed infections was 2 (range, 2-5), and 31 (91%) households had at least 1 COVID-19-infected adult. For 15 households with available data to assess transmission, 11 (73%) were adult-to-child, 2 (13%) child-to-child, and 2 (13%) child-to-adult. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced case investigation of hospitalized patients revealed that underlying comorbidities and coinfection might have contributed to severe disease. Given frequency of household transmission, healthcare providers should consider alternative dispositional planning for affected families of children living with comorbidities.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #919290
    Database COVID19

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  7. Article ; Online: Characteristics of Hospitalized Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases in Chicago, Illinois, March–April 2020

    Mannheim, Jonathan / Gretsch, Stephanie / Layden, Jennifer E / Fricchione, Marielle J

    Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

    2020  Volume 9, Issue 5, Page(s) 519–522

    Abstract: Abstract Background To date, no report on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and coinfection for hospitalized cases has been published. Methods This was a case series of ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background To date, no report on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and coinfection for hospitalized cases has been published. Methods This was a case series of Chicago COVID-19 patients aged 0–17 years reported to the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) from March 5 to April 8, 2020. Enhanced case investigation was performed. χ 2 and Wilcoxon 2-sample tests were used to compare characteristics among hospitalized and nonhospitalized cases. Results During March 5–April 8, 2020, 6369 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported to CDPH; 64 (1.0%) were among children aged 0–17 years. Ten patients (16%) were hospitalized, and 7 (70%) required intensive care (median length of hospitalization, 4 days [range, 1–14 days]). Reported fever and dyspnea were significantly higher in hospitalized patients than in nonhospitalized patients (9/10 vs 28/54, P = .04 and 7/10 vs 10/54, P = .002, respectively). Hospitalized patients were significantly younger than nonhospitalized patients (median, 3.5 years vs 12 years; P = .03) and all either had an underlying comorbidity or coinfection. Among the 34 unique households with multiple laboratory-confirmed infections, the median number of laboratory-confirmed infections was 2 (range, 2–5), and 31 (91%) households had at least 1 COVID-19–infected adult. For 15 households with available data to assess transmission, 11 (73%) were adult-to-child, 2 (13%) child-to-child, and 2 (13%) child-to-adult. Conclusions Enhanced case investigation of hospitalized patients revealed that underlying comorbidities and coinfection might have contributed to severe disease. Given frequency of household transmission, healthcare providers should consider alternative dispositional planning for affected families of children living with comorbidities.
    Keywords Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ; Infectious Diseases ; General Medicine ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2668791-4
    ISSN 2048-7207 ; 2048-7193
    ISSN (online) 2048-7207
    ISSN 2048-7193
    DOI 10.1093/jpids/piaa070
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: PET/MRI Hybrid Systems.

    Mannheim, Julia G / Schmid, Andreas M / Schwenck, Johannes / Katiyar, Prateek / Herfert, Kristina / Pichler, Bernd J / Disselhorst, Jonathan A

    Seminars in nuclear medicine

    2018  Volume 48, Issue 4, Page(s) 332–347

    Abstract: Over the last decade, the combination of PET and MRI in one system has proven to be highly successful in basic preclinical research, as well as in clinical research. Nowadays, PET/MRI systems are well established in preclinical imaging and are ... ...

    Abstract Over the last decade, the combination of PET and MRI in one system has proven to be highly successful in basic preclinical research, as well as in clinical research. Nowadays, PET/MRI systems are well established in preclinical imaging and are progressing into clinical applications to provide further insights into specific diseases, therapeutic assessments, and biological pathways. Certain challenges in terms of hardware had to be resolved concurrently with the development of new techniques to be able to reach the full potential of both combined techniques. This review provides an overview of these challenges and describes the opportunities that simultaneous PET/MRI systems can exploit in comparison with stand-alone or other combined hybrid systems. New approaches were developed for simultaneous PET/MRI systems to correct for attenuation of 511 keV photons because MRI does not provide direct information on gamma photon attenuation properties. Furthermore, new algorithms to correct for motion were developed, because MRI can accurately detect motion with high temporal resolution. The additional information gained by the MRI can be employed to correct for partial volume effects as well. The development of new detector designs in combination with fast-decaying scintillator crystal materials enabled time-of-flight detection and incorporation in the reconstruction algorithms. Furthermore, this review lists the currently commercially available systems both for preclinical and clinical imaging and provides an overview of applications in both fields. In this regard, special emphasis has been placed on data analysis and the potential for both modalities to evolve with advanced image analysis tools, such as cluster analysis and machine learning.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Multimodal Imaging/methods ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 120248-0
    ISSN 1558-4623 ; 0001-2998
    ISSN (online) 1558-4623
    ISSN 0001-2998
    DOI 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.02.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Reproducibility and Comparability of Preclinical PET Imaging Data: A Multicenter Small-Animal PET Study.

    Mannheim, Julia G / Mamach, Martin / Reder, Sybille / Traxl, Alexander / Mucha, Natalie / Disselhorst, Jonathan A / Mittelhäuser, Markus / Kuntner, Claudia / Thackeray, James T / Ziegler, Sibylle / Wanek, Thomas / Bankstahl, Jens P / Pichler, Bernd J

    Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine

    2019  Volume 60, Issue 10, Page(s) 1483–1491

    Abstract: The standardization of preclinical imaging is a key factor to ensure the reliability, reproducibility, validity, and translatability of preclinical data. Preclinical standardization has been slowly progressing in recent years and has mainly been ... ...

    Abstract The standardization of preclinical imaging is a key factor to ensure the reliability, reproducibility, validity, and translatability of preclinical data. Preclinical standardization has been slowly progressing in recent years and has mainly been performed within a single institution, whereas little has been done in regards to multicenter standardization between facilities. This study aimed to investigate the comparability among preclinical imaging facilities in terms of PET data acquisition and analysis. In the first step, basic PET scans were obtained in 4 different preclinical imaging facilities to compare their standard imaging protocol for
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Reproducibility of Results ; Software ; Temperature ; Tissue Distribution
    Chemical Substances Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80272-4
    ISSN 1535-5667 ; 0097-9058 ; 0161-5505 ; 0022-3123
    ISSN (online) 1535-5667
    ISSN 0097-9058 ; 0161-5505 ; 0022-3123
    DOI 10.2967/jnumed.118.221994
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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