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Article ; Online: DOTFL1 affects the floral transition in orchid Dendrobium Chao Praya Smile.

Li, Yan / Zhang, Bin / Wang, Yanwen / Gong, Ximing / Yu, Hao

2021 Volume 186, Issue 4, Page(s) 2021–2036

Abstract: ... in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), from the orchid Dendrobium Chao Praya Smile. DOTFL1 is highly expressed ...

Abstract	A major obstacle for orchid (Orchidaceae) breeding and production is a long juvenile phase before orchid reproductive development. The molecular basis for prolonged vegetative growth in orchids remains largely unclear despite many efforts to clarify the relevant mechanisms. In this study, we report functional characterization of Dendrobium Orchid TERMINAL FLOWER1 (DOTFL1), an ortholog of TFL1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), from the orchid Dendrobium Chao Praya Smile. DOTFL1 is highly expressed in pseudobulbs and the shoot apical meristem (SAM) before and during the floral transition, but is downregulated in inflorescence apices and open flowers. Ectopic expression of DOTFL1 rescues the early-flowering and terminal-flower phenotypes of tfl1-20 in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of DOTFL1 in Dendrobium orchids delays flowering and produces defective inflorescence meristems and flowers with vegetative traits, whereas knockdown of DOTFL1 accelerates flowering and perturbs the maintenance of the inflorescence meristem. Notably, DOTFL1 suppresses orchid flowering and associated pseudobulb formation during the floral transition. We further reveal that two orchid MADS-box transcription factors, Dendrobium Orchid SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (DOSOC1) and AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 (DOAGL24), could interact with each other and bind to the CArG-box motif at DOTFL1, implying a regulatory hierarchy similar to their counterparts in Arabidopsis. Taken together, our findings suggest that DOTFL1 promotes vegetative growth, modulates successive developmental events required for reproductive success in Dendrobium orchids, and may have evolved with a previously unknown role in controlling pseudobulb formation in the Orchidaceae family.
MeSH term(s)	Dendrobium/genetics ; Dendrobium/growth & development ; Dendrobium/metabolism ; Flowers/genetics ; Flowers/growth & development ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plant Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Plant Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208914-2
ISSN	1532-2548 ; 0032-0889
ISSN (online)	1532-2548
ISSN	0032-0889
DOI	10.1093/plphys/kiab200
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Article ; Online: Changing Relationships between Water Content and Spectral Features in Moso Bamboo Leaves under Pantana phyllostachysae Chao Stress

Xu, Zhanghua / Li, Bin / Yu, Hui / Zhang, Huafeng / Guo, Xiaoyu / Li, Zenglu / Wang, Lin / Liu, Zhicai / Li, Yifan / He, Anqi / Huang, Xuying

Forests. 2023 Mar. 29, v. 14, no. 4

2023

Abstract: ... phyllostachysae Chao (PPC) stress and their changes. The results showed that: (1) the LWC showed a decreasing ...

Abstract	Leaf water content (LWC) is very important in the growth of vegetation. LWC and leaf spectra change when the leaves are under pest stress; exploring the change mechanism between LWC, leaf spectra, and pest stress can lay the foundation for pest detection. In this study, we measured the LWC and leaf spectra of moso bamboo leaves under different damage levels, used the Pearson–Lasso method to screen the features, and established a multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest regression (RFR) model to estimate the LWC. We analyzed the relationship between LWC and spectral features of moso bamboo leaves under Pantana phyllostachysae Chao (PPC) stress and their changes. The results showed that: (1) the LWC showed a decreasing trend as the pest level increased. (2) The spectra changed substantially when the leaves were under pest stress. (3) The number and significance of response features associated with the LWC were diverse under different damage levels. (4) The estimation of LWC under different damage levels differed significantly. LWC, leaf spectra, response features, and the model estimation effect were diverse under different damage levels. The correlation between LWC and features was higher for healthy leaves than for damaged and off-year leaves. The two models were more effective in estimating the LWC of healthy leaves but less effective for damaged and off-year leaves. This study provides theoretical support for the prediction of PPC stress and lays the foundation for remote sensing monitoring.
Keywords	Phyllostachys edulis ; algorithms ; leaves ; pests ; regression analysis ; vegetation ; water content
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0329
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f14040702
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: UV-Vis Spectrum Characteristics of Phycocyanin Purification in Water from Chao Lake.

Zhang, Fa-yu / Yu, Jin-wei / Zhang, Liu / Sheng, Jing-meng / Yuan, Meng-yuan / Lu, Yi-nan / Wang, Jia-quan

Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu

2018 Volume 37, Issue 3, Page(s) 806–810

Abstract: Fresh blue algal from Chao Lake was used in this study. The crude extracts of phycocyanin were ...

Abstract	Fresh blue algal from Chao Lake was used in this study. The crude extracts of phycocyanin were obtained with freeze-thaw method. The purification of phycocyanin was performed by combining two-step salt precipitation and two-step column chromatography. The reagent grade phycocyanin was achieved. Phycocyanin and impurity solution were obtained respectively in various stages subjected to the UV-Vis absorption spectrum scanning. With the development of the four-step purification process, the absorption peak of phycocyanin solution was redshifted from 260 to 280 nm in the wavelength range from 250 to 300 nm, and the maximum absorption peak of phycocyanin was redshifted from 617 to 620 nm in the wavelength range from 500nm to 700 nm. In the wavelength range from 250 to 700 nm, it showed that the impurity solution mainly contained impurity proteins and part of the phycocyanin in the first salting out, and mainly contained nucleic acids and vitamins substance in the second salting out. The first outflow components mainly contained phycoerythrin separated by the first column chromatography. The last outflow components mainly contained allophycocyanin separated by the second column chromatography. After the four-step purification process, the final purity of phycocyanin (A620/A280) is greater than 4,which met the standard of reagent grade．Thus it can be seen that two-step salt precipitation had a main function which was to remove impurity proteins, nucleic acids and vitamins substance, and two-step column chromatography main function was to remove phycoerythrin and allophycocyanin which were similar to phycocyanin.
MeSH term(s)	Chromatography ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Lakes ; Microalgae ; Phycocyanin/chemistry ; Phycocyanin/isolation & purification ; Water ; Water Purification
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Phycocyanin (11016-15-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-27
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1000-0593
ISSN	1000-0593
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Article ; Online: Changing Relationships between Nitrogen Content and Leaf Spectral Characteristics of Moso Bamboo Leaves under Pantana phyllostachysae Chao Stress

Zhanghua Xu / Hui Yu / Bin Li / Zhenbang Hao / Yifan Li / Songyang Xiang / Xuying Huang / Zenglu Li / Xiaoyu Guo

Forests, Vol 13, Iss 1752, p

2022 Volume 1752

Abstract: ... in the leaf nitrogen content of Moso bamboo leaves under Pantana phyllostachysae Chao (PPC) stress and leaf ...

Abstract	Nitrogen is an important indicator of vegetation health, but the relationship between changes in the leaf nitrogen content of Moso bamboo leaves under Pantana phyllostachysae Chao (PPC) stress and leaf spectra remains unclear. We analyzed the relationship between the leaf nitrogen content and leaf spectra of Moso bamboo leaves under PPC stress to investigate whether the relationship could be used to detect pests and prevent their spread. We measured the nitrogen content and leaf spectra of Moso bamboo leaves under different damage levels, identified spectral indicators that were correlated with leaf nitrogen content (by removing the envelope and first-order differentiation of the raw spectra), and estimated leaf nitrogen content from the spectral data using regression models. Leaf nitrogen content decreased with increasing pest damage, and the leaf spectral curves changed, with the “green peak” and “red valley” in the visible range disappearing and the slope of the spectral curve decreasing. The wavelength region with the strongest correlation between the nitrogen content and spectral characteristics changed significantly with increasing pest damage, and the correlation in the red-edge region gradually decreased. The fits of nitrogen-content estimation models tended to decrease and then increase with increasing pest damage and were worst among leaves in the moderate damage state (Mo). A disordered relationship between nitrogen content and spectral characteristics indicated possible PPC damage. The degree of disorder was greatest in the Mo state. This study provides theoretical support for remote sensing monitoring of PPC hazards.
Keywords	Pantana phyllostachysae Chao ; Moso bamboo ; nitrogen content ; spectral characteristics ; pest damage ; regression model ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Retrieving chlorophyll content and equivalent water thickness of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forests under Pantana phyllostachysae Chao-induced stress from Sentinel-2A/B images in a multiple LUTs-based PROSAIL framework

Zhanghua Xu / Anqi He / Yiwei Zhang / Zhenbang Hao / Yifan Li / Songyang Xiang / Bin Li / Lingyan Chen / Hui Yu / Wanling Shen / Xuying Huang / Xiaoyu Guo / Zenglu Li

Forest Ecosystems, Vol 10, Iss , Pp 100108- (2023)

2023

Abstract: ... Chao (PPC), weakens the performance of the model for estimating biochemical components of Moso bamboo ...

Abstract	Biochemical components of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) are critical to physiological and ecological processes and play an important role in the material and energy cycles of the ecosystem. The coupled PROSPECT with SAIL (PROSAIL) radiative transfer model is widely used for vegetation biochemical component content inversion. However, the presence of leaf-eating pests, such as Pantana phyllostachysae Chao (PPC), weakens the performance of the model for estimating biochemical components of Moso bamboo and thus must be considered. Therefore, this study considered pest-induced stress signals associated with Sentinel-2A/B images and field data and established multiple sets of biochemical canopy reflectance look-up tables (LUTs) based on the PROSAIL framework by setting different parameter ranges according to infestation levels. Quantitative inversions of leaf area index (LAI), leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), and leaf equivalent water thickness (LEWT) were derived. The scale conversions from LCC to canopy chlorophyll content (CCC) and LEWT to canopy equivalent water thickness (CEWT) were calculated. The results showed that LAI, CCC, and CEWT were inversely related with PPC-induced stress. When applying multiple LUTs, the p-values were <0.01; the R2 values for LAI, CCC, and CEWT were 0.71, 0.68, and 0.65 with root mean square error (RMSE) (normalized RMSE, NRMSE) values of 0.38 (0.16), 17.56 μg·cm‒2 (0.20), and 0.02 cm (0.51), respectively. Compared to the values obtained for the traditional PROSAIL model, for October, R2 values increased by 0.05 and 0.10 and NRMSE decreased by 0.09 and 0.02 for CCC and CEWT, respectively and RMSE decreased by 0.35 μg·cm‒2 for CCC. The feasibility of the inverse strategy for integrating pest-induced stress factors into the PROSAIL model, while establishing multiple LUTs under different pest-induced damage levels, was successfully demonstrated and can potentially enhance future vegetation parameter inversion and monitoring of bamboo forest health and ecosystems.
Keywords	Moso bamboo ; Chlorophyll content ; Equivalent water thickness ; PROSAIL model ; Multiple LUTs ; Pantana phyllostachysae Chao ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Retrieving chlorophyll content and equivalent water thickness of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forests under Pantana phyllostachysae Chao-induced stress from Sentinel-2A/B images in a multiple LUTs-based PROSAIL framework

Xu, Zhanghua / He, Anqi / Zhang, Yiwei / Hao, Zhenbang / Li, Yifan / Xiang, Songyang / Li, Bin / Chen, Lingyan / Yu, Hui / Shen, Wanling / Huang, Xuying / Guo, Xiaoyu / Li, Zenglu

Forest Ecosystems. 2023, v. 10 p.100108-

2023

Abstract: ... Chao (PPC), weakens the performance of the model for estimating biochemical components of Moso bamboo ...

Abstract	Biochemical components of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) are critical to physiological and ecological processes and play an important role in the material and energy cycles of the ecosystem. The coupled PROSPECT with SAIL (PROSAIL) radiative transfer model is widely used for vegetation biochemical component content inversion. However, the presence of leaf-eating pests, such as Pantana phyllostachysae Chao (PPC), weakens the performance of the model for estimating biochemical components of Moso bamboo and thus must be considered. Therefore, this study considered pest-induced stress signals associated with Sentinel-2A/B images and field data and established multiple sets of biochemical canopy reflectance look-up tables (LUTs) based on the PROSAIL framework by setting different parameter ranges according to infestation levels. Quantitative inversions of leaf area index (LAI), leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), and leaf equivalent water thickness (LEWT) were derived. The scale conversions from LCC to canopy chlorophyll content (CCC) and LEWT to canopy equivalent water thickness (CEWT) were calculated. The results showed that LAI, CCC, and CEWT were inversely related with PPC-induced stress. When applying multiple LUTs, the p-values were <0.01; the R² values for LAI, CCC, and CEWT were 0.71, 0.68, and 0.65 with root mean square error (RMSE) (normalized RMSE, NRMSE) values of 0.38 (0.16), 17.56 μg·cm‒² (0.20), and 0.02 cm (0.51), respectively. Compared to the values obtained for the traditional PROSAIL model, for October, R² values increased by 0.05 and 0.10 and NRMSE decreased by 0.09 and 0.02 for CCC and CEWT, respectively and RMSE decreased by 0.35 μg·cm‒² for CCC. The feasibility of the inverse strategy for integrating pest-induced stress factors into the PROSAIL model, while establishing multiple LUTs under different pest-induced damage levels, was successfully demonstrated and can potentially enhance future vegetation parameter inversion and monitoring of bamboo forest health and ecosystems.
Keywords	Phyllostachys edulis ; bamboos ; chlorophyll ; ecosystems ; forest health ; forests ; leaf area index ; leaf chlorophyll content ; leaf reflectance ; model validation ; models ; radiative transfer ; Moso bamboo ; Chlorophyll content ; Equivalent water thickness ; PROSAIL model ; Multiple LUTs ; Pantana phyllostachysae Chao ; Sentinel-2A/B images
Language	English
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	2760380-5
ISSN	2197-5620
ISSN	2197-5620
DOI	10.1016/j.fecs.2023.100108
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Response by Chao et al to Letters Regarding Article, "Use of Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Who Have a History of Intracranial Hemorrhage".

Chao, Tze-Fan / Liu, Chia-Jen / Liao, Jo-Nan / Wang, Kang-Ling / Lin, Yenn-Jiang / Chang, Shih-Lin / Lo, Li-Wei / Hu, Yu-Feng / Tuan, Ta-Chuan / Chung, Fa-Po / Chen, Tzeng-Ji / Lip, Gregory Y H / Chen, Shih-Ann

Circulation

2016 Volume 134, Issue 11, Page(s) e230–1

MeSH term(s)	Administration, Oral ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy ; Hemorrhage/drug therapy ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages/drug therapy ; Stroke/drug therapy ; Warfarin/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Anticoagulants ; Warfarin (5Q7ZVV76EI)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80099-5
ISSN	1524-4539 ; 0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
ISSN (online)	1524-4539
ISSN	0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
DOI	10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024174
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology of dengue and the effect of seasonal climate variation on its dynamics: a spatio-temporal descriptive analysis in the Chao-Shan area on China's southeastern coast.

Zhang, Qin / Chen, Yuliang / Fu, Yu / Liu, Tao / Zhang, Qingying / Guo, Pi / Ma, Wenjun

BMJ open

2019 Volume 9, Issue 5, Page(s) e024197

Abstract: ... are poorly understood in Chao-Shan area, one of the most densely populated regions on China's ... temporal descriptive analysis was performed in three cities including Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang in Chao ... Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang in Chao-Shan area during 2014-2017 were extracted. Data ...

Abstract	Objective: Dengue is a mosquito-transmitted virus infection that remains rampant across the tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. However, the spatial and temporal dynamics of dengue transmission are poorly understood in Chao-Shan area, one of the most densely populated regions on China's southeastern coast, limiting disease control efforts. We aimed to characterise the epidemiology of dengue and assessed the effect of seasonal climate variation on its dynamics in the area. Design: A spatio-temporal descriptive analysis was performed in three cities including Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang in Chao-Shan area during the period of 2014-2017. Setting: Data of dengue cases of three cities including Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang in Chao-Shan area during 2014-2017 were extracted. Data for climatic variables including mean temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were also compiled. Methodology: The epidemiology and dynamics of dengue were initially depicted, and then the temporal dynamics related to climatic drivers was assessed by a wavelet analysis method. Furthermore, a generalised additive model for location, scale and shape model was performed to study the relationship between seasonal dynamics of dengue and climatic drivers. Results: Among the cities, the number of notified dengue cases in Chaozhou was greatest, accounting for 78.3%. The median age for the notified cases was 43 years (IQR: 27.0-58.0 years). Two main regions located in Xixin and Chengxi streets of Chaozhou with a high risk of infection were observed, indicating that there was substantial spatial heterogeneity in intensity. We found an annual peak incidence occurred in autumn across the region, most markedly in 2015. This study reveals that periods of elevated temperatures can drive the occurrence of dengue epidemics across the region, and the risk of transmission is highest when the temperature is between 25°C and 28°C. Conclusion: Our study contributes to a better understanding of dengue dynamics in Chao-Shan area.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Age Factors ; China/epidemiology ; Climate ; Dengue/epidemiology ; Dengue/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Seasons ; Sex Factors ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2747269-3
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024197
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Spatial and temporal variability of sedimentary nutrients in relation to regional development in the urbanizing lower Chao Phraya watersheds of Thailand

Xue, Wenchao / Lhaetee, Husna / Yu, Shen / Jenkhetkan, Thitima / Hong, Bing / Liu, Xun / Chen, Peiji / Namngam, Natchaya / Tabucanon, Allan Sriratana

Journal of soils and sediments. 2020 Nov., v. 20, no. 11

2020

Abstract: ... nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) was conducted covering the lower Chao Phraya watershed in Thailand ... and Chao Phraya) of the lower Chao Phraya watershed in 2017. Various nutrient species (total nitrogen ... DISCUSSION: Results identified spatial hot spot in downstream sections of Thachin and Chao Phraya ...

Abstract	PURPOSE: Excess nutrients pose profound aquatic environmental impacts besides well-known essential elements for cropping. The enrichment of excess nutrients in riverine systems requires more investigation for various scenarios under different culture and governance regimes in the world. A survey on sedimentary nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) was conducted covering the lower Chao Phraya watershed in Thailand to explore their spatial and temporal patterns under various anthropogenic influences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surface sediment and sediment core samples were collected from three subwatersheds (i.e., Pasak, Thachin, and Chao Phraya) of the lower Chao Phraya watershed in 2017. Various nutrient species (total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, and phosphate phosphorus) were analyzed. The sediment cores were dated using a computerized multichannel gamma spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to examine the spatial and temporal patterns of sedimentary nutrients, and to interpret their correlations with catchment land use pattern and socioeconomic development, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Results identified spatial hot spot in downstream sections of Thachin and Chao Phraya subwatersheds and temporal hot moment between 1990 and 2000 for the three subwatersheds and an extra hot moment of 1960s for Chao Phraya subwatershed. Both spatial and temporal patterns of sedimentary nutrients were due to a shift from agriculture to urban land uses in the catchments. The catchment land use pattern explained approximate 33% spatial variation of sedimentary nutrient loadings with the top contributions of urban land use and water surface ratios in the studied watershed. With Thailand’s rapid industrialization, the nutrient sedimentation flux showed a temporal change in response to socioeconomic development with a turning point in the 1990s. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that anthropogenic sources strongly influence sedimentary nutrient loadings following an order of urbanization > aquaculture > agriculture. Catchment land use pattern and socioeconomic development are efficient indicators to explain the variations of riverine environmental quality, both spatially and temporally.
Keywords	ammonium nitrogen ; aquaculture ; environmental quality ; gamma spectrometry ; governance ; industrialization ; land use ; nitrate nitrogen ; nitrogen ; phosphate phosphorus ; riparian areas ; sediments ; socioeconomic development ; subwatersheds ; surveys ; temporal variation ; total nitrogen ; total phosphorus ; urbanization ; Thailand
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-11
Size	p. 4042-4054.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2050898-0
ISSN	1614-7480 ; 1439-0108
ISSN (online)	1614-7480
ISSN	1439-0108
DOI	10.1007/s11368-020-02739-4
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The Relationships Among Longitude, Latitude and Elevation of Occurrence of Parocneria orienta Chao (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in China

Zhou, Xing-Yu / Wang, Jia-Wen / Zhang, Jing / Yang, Hua / Yang, Wei / Yang, Chun-Ping / Zhou, Wei / Li, Tao / Wang, Ru-Lin

Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 2020 June 8, v. 92, no. 3

2020

Abstract: Parocneria orienta Chao (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is the primary defoliator of members of the conifer ...

Abstract	Parocneria orienta Chao (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is the primary defoliator of members of the conifer family Cupressaceae in China. Research is needed to identify the geographic distribution of P. orienta and its major areas of occurrence and to formulate measures for early warning, monitoring and control of this pest. Data on the occurrence P. orienta were collected from 4,688 monitoring sites in Sichuan Province, China from 2012 to 2016. Analyses of the spatial distribution and model fit were carried out using ArcGIS and Matlab software. We found that the occurrence of P. orienta complied with a normal distribution law (α = 1% confidence level) in terms of longitude and latitude and belonged to a generalized extreme-value distribution (α = 1% confidence level) in terms of elevation. According to the double factor variance analysis taking year-month as the time variance and longitude, latitude and elevation as the space variance, the hazard centroid shifted significantly by 6 minutes of longitude in March (105°46′37″E) and July (105°40′30″E) of the same year. The regions of greatest damage by P. orienta were located in eastern and southeastern parts of Sichuan Province (105.7°E–31.1°N, elevation 400 m), an area that features plains and low mountains with lush vegetation and abundant Cupressus funebris individuals.
Keywords	Cupressus funebris ; Erebidae ; computer software ; conifers ; defoliating insects ; geographical distribution ; latitude ; longitude ; normal distribution ; variance ; vegetation ; China ; Kansas
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0608
Size	p. 549-560.
Publishing place	Kansas Entomological Society
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2210268-1
ISSN	0022-8567
ISSN	0022-8567
DOI	10.2317/0022-8567-92.3.549
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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