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  1. Article ; Online: Progress of research on coronaviruses and toroviruses in large domestic animals using reverse genetics systems.

    Ujike, Makoto / Suzuki, Tohru

    Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)

    2024  Volume 305, Page(s) 106122

    Abstract: The generation of genetically engineered recombinant viruses from modified DNA/RNA is commonly referred to as reverse genetics, which allows the introduction of desired mutations into the viral genome. Reverse genetics systems (RGSs) are powerful tools ... ...

    Abstract The generation of genetically engineered recombinant viruses from modified DNA/RNA is commonly referred to as reverse genetics, which allows the introduction of desired mutations into the viral genome. Reverse genetics systems (RGSs) are powerful tools for studying fundamental viral processes, mechanisms of infection, pathogenesis and vaccine development. However, establishing RGS for coronaviruses (CoVs) and toroviruses (ToVs), which have the largest genomes among vertebrate RNA viruses, is laborious and hampered by technical constraints. Hence, little research has focused on animal CoVs and ToVs using RGSs, especially in large domestic animals such as pigs and cattle. In the last decade, however, studies of porcine CoVs and bovine ToVs using RGSs have been reported. In addition, the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic has prompted the development of new and simple CoV RGSs, which will accelerate RGS-based research on animal CoVs and ToVs. In this review, we summarise the general characteristics of CoVs and ToVs, the RGSs available for CoVs and ToVs and the progress made in the last decade in RGS-based research on porcine CoVs and bovine ToVs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 428614-5
    ISSN 1532-2971 ; 0372-5545 ; 1090-0233
    ISSN (online) 1532-2971
    ISSN 0372-5545 ; 1090-0233
    DOI 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106122
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Recent Progress in Torovirus Molecular Biology.

    Ujike, Makoto / Taguchi, Fumihiro

    Viruses

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 3

    Abstract: Torovirus (ToV) has recently been classified into the new family Tobaniviridae, although it belonged to the Coronavirus (CoV) family historically. ToVs are associated with enteric diseases in animals and humans. In contrast to CoVs, which are recognised ... ...

    Abstract Torovirus (ToV) has recently been classified into the new family Tobaniviridae, although it belonged to the Coronavirus (CoV) family historically. ToVs are associated with enteric diseases in animals and humans. In contrast to CoVs, which are recognised as pathogens of veterinary and medical importance, little attention has been paid to ToVs because their infections are usually asymptomatic or not severe; for a long time, only one equine ToV could be propagated in cultured cells. However, bovine ToVs, which predominantly cause diarrhoea in calves, have been detected worldwide, leading to economic losses. Porcine ToVs have also spread globally; although they have not caused serious economic losses, coinfections with other pathogens can exacerbate their symptoms. In addition, frequent inter- or intra-recombination among ToVs can increase pathogenesis or unpredicted host adaptation. These findings have highlighted the importance of ToVs as pathogens and the need for basic ToV research. Here, we review recent progress in the study of ToV molecular biology including reverse genetics, focusing on the similarities and differences between ToVs and CoVs.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Coronavirus/genetics ; Coronavirus/physiology ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Humans ; Torovirus/genetics ; Torovirus/physiology ; Torovirus Infections/virology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v13030435
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Recent Progress in Torovirus Molecular Biology

    Ujike, Makoto / Taguchi, Fumihiro

    Viruses. 2021 Mar. 08, v. 13, no. 3

    2021  

    Abstract: Torovirus (ToV) has recently been classified into the new family Tobaniviridae, although it belonged to the Coronavirus (CoV) family historically. ToVs are associated with enteric diseases in animals and humans. In contrast to CoVs, which are recognised ... ...

    Abstract Torovirus (ToV) has recently been classified into the new family Tobaniviridae, although it belonged to the Coronavirus (CoV) family historically. ToVs are associated with enteric diseases in animals and humans. In contrast to CoVs, which are recognised as pathogens of veterinary and medical importance, little attention has been paid to ToVs because their infections are usually asymptomatic or not severe; for a long time, only one equine ToV could be propagated in cultured cells. However, bovine ToVs, which predominantly cause diarrhoea in calves, have been detected worldwide, leading to economic losses. Porcine ToVs have also spread globally; although they have not caused serious economic losses, coinfections with other pathogens can exacerbate their symptoms. In addition, frequent inter- or intra-recombination among ToVs can increase pathogenesis or unpredicted host adaptation. These findings have highlighted the importance of ToVs as pathogens and the need for basic ToV research. Here, we review recent progress in the study of ToV molecular biology including reverse genetics, focusing on the similarities and differences between ToVs and CoVs.
    Keywords Orthocoronavirinae ; Torovirus ; diarrhea ; horses ; molecular biology ; new family ; pathogenesis ; reverse genetics ; swine
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0308
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v13030435
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Trends of Mismatches in Real-Time RT-PCR Assays Developed by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan for Omicron Variant of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

    Shirato, Kazuya / Ujike, Makoto / Kawase, Miyuki

    Japanese journal of infectious diseases

    2022  Volume 76, Issue 3, Page(s) 204–206

    Abstract: The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2021 and gradually overtook the Delta variant, which was the predominant variant at that time. The Omicron variant has been consecutively replaced by ... ...

    Abstract The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2021 and gradually overtook the Delta variant, which was the predominant variant at that time. The Omicron variant has been consecutively replaced by related sublineages. The real-time RT-PCR assays developed by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan (i.e., the NIID-N2 and NIID-S2 assays) are the reference assays that have been used in Japan since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2. To evaluate the applicability of the NIID assays for the Omicron variants, trends in the prevalence of nucleotide mismatches in the primer/probe sequences were traced using sequences registered in the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data database. Approximately 99% of the deposited Omicron variant sequences did not have any mismatches in the NIID assay primer/probes from January to August 2022. This indicates that the NIID assays have been able to detect the changing SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Japan/epidemiology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases ; COVID-19 Testing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-28
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1478383-6
    ISSN 1884-2836 ; 1344-6304
    ISSN (online) 1884-2836
    ISSN 1344-6304
    DOI 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2022.556
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  6. Article ; Online: Reduction of Cell Fusion by Deletion in the Hypervariable Region of the Spike Protein of Mouse Hepatitis Virus.

    Tennakoon, Nipuna / Ryu, Jihoon / Ujike, Makoto / Taguchi, Fumihiro / Shin, Hyun-Jin

    Viruses

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 2

    Abstract: Deletions in the spike gene of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) produce several variants with diverse biological characteristics, highlighting the significance of the spike gene in viral pathogenesis. In this study, we characterized the JHM-X strain, which ... ...

    Abstract Deletions in the spike gene of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) produce several variants with diverse biological characteristics, highlighting the significance of the spike gene in viral pathogenesis. In this study, we characterized the JHM-X strain, which has a deletion in the hypervariable region (HVR) of the spike gene, compared with the cl-2 strain, which has a full spike gene. Cytopathic effects (CPEs) induced by the two strains revealed that the size of the CPE produced by cl-2 is much greater than that produced by JHM-X in delayed brain tumor (DBT) cells. Thus, this finding explains the greater fusion activity of cl-2 than JHM-X in cultured cells, and we speculate that the deletion region of the spike protein is involved in the fusion activity differences. In contrast with the fusion activity, a comparison of the virus growth kinetics revealed that the titer of JHM-X was approximately 100 times higher than that of cl-2. We found that the deletion region of the spike protein was involved in fusion activity differences, whereas cl-2 produced significantly higher luciferase activity than JHM-X upon similar expression levels of the spike protein. However, the reason behind the growth difference is still unknown. Overall, we discovered that deletion in the HVR of the spike gene could be involved in the fusion activity differences between the two strains.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Mice ; Murine hepatitis virus/genetics ; Murine hepatitis virus/pathogenicity ; Murine hepatitis virus/physiology ; Sequence Deletion ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/physiology
    Chemical Substances Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v14020398
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Receptor Binding Domain of Spike Protein Is Sufficient To Convert the Neutralization Profile between Ethiopian and Middle Eastern Isolates of Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus.

    Sugimoto, Satoko / Kakizaki, Masatoshi / Kawase, Miyuki / Kawachi, Kengo / Ujike, Makoto / Kamitani, Wataru / Sentsui, Hiroshi / Shirato, Kazuya

    Microbiology spectrum

    2023  , Page(s) e0459022

    Abstract: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic virus that causes MERS, which is endemic in the Middle East. The absence of human cases in Africa despite the presence of MERS-CoV suggests virological differences between MERS-CoVs in ...

    Abstract Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic virus that causes MERS, which is endemic in the Middle East. The absence of human cases in Africa despite the presence of MERS-CoV suggests virological differences between MERS-CoVs in Africa and the Middle East. In fact, in the laboratory, recombinant MERS-CoV carrying the spike (S) protein of Ethiopian isolates exhibits attenuated properties, being more easily neutralized and replicating slower than viruses carrying the S protein of Middle Eastern isolate, EMC. In this study, to identify the amino acids that define the different virological features between Ethiopian and Middle Eastern MERS-CoVs, neutralization titers and viral replication were evaluated using recombinant MERS-CoVs carrying amino acid substitution(s) in the S protein. A single amino acid difference introduced into the receptor binding domain was sufficient to reverse the difference in the neutralizing properties of the S protein between Ethiopian and Middle Eastern MERS-CoVs. Furthermore, amino acid mutations in the S1 and S2 regions of S protein were collectively involved in slow viral replication. Since even a single amino acid difference in S protein can reverse the viral properties of MERS-CoV, it should be noted that multiple mutations may induce a significant change. Careful monitoring of genetic alterations in MERS-CoVs in Africa is therefore required to detect the emergence of virulent strains generated by a few genetic differences.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2807133-5
    ISSN 2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
    ISSN (online) 2165-0497
    ISSN 2165-0497
    DOI 10.1128/spectrum.04590-22
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Reverse Genetics with a Full-Length Infectious cDNA Clone of Bovine Torovirus.

    Ujike, Makoto / Etoh, Yuka / Urushiyama, Naoya / Taguchi, Fumihiro / Asanuma, Hideki / Enjuanes, Luis / Kamitani, Wataru

    Journal of virology

    2021  Volume 96, Issue 3, Page(s) e0156121

    Abstract: Historically part of the coronavirus (CoV) family, torovirus (ToV) was recently classified in the new ... ...

    Abstract Historically part of the coronavirus (CoV) family, torovirus (ToV) was recently classified in the new family
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/virology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; Genes, Reporter ; Genome, Viral ; Hemagglutinins, Viral/genetics ; Hemagglutinins, Viral/metabolism ; Mutation ; Plasmids/genetics ; Reverse Genetics ; Torovirus/genetics ; Torovirus/isolation & purification ; Torovirus Infections ; Transfection
    Chemical Substances DNA, Complementary ; Hemagglutinins, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80174-4
    ISSN 1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
    ISSN (online) 1098-5514
    ISSN 0022-538X
    DOI 10.1128/JVI.01561-21
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 609: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  9. Article ; Online: Characterization of Localization and Export Signals of Bovine Torovirus Nucleocapsid Protein Responsible for Extensive Nuclear and Nucleolar Accumulation and Their Importance for Virus Growth.

    Ujike, Makoto / Kawachi, Yukako / Matsunaga, Yui / Etho, Yuka / Asanuma, Hideki / Kamitani, Wataru / Taguchi, Fumihiro

    Journal of virology

    2021  Volume 95, Issue 3

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Torovirus
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleolus/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nuclear Export Signals ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; Nucleocapsid Proteins/chemistry ; Nucleocapsid Proteins/genetics ; Nucleocapsid Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Torovirus/growth & development ; Torovirus/metabolism ; Torovirus/physiology ; Virus Replication/genetics
    Chemical Substances Nuclear Export Signals ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; Nucleocapsid Proteins ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80174-4
    ISSN 1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
    ISSN (online) 1098-5514
    ISSN 0022-538X
    DOI 10.1128/JVI.02111-20
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  10. Article: Reduction of Cell Fusion by Deletion in the Hypervariable Region of the Spike Protein of Mouse Hepatitis Virus

    Tennakoon, Nipuna / Ryu, Jihoon / Ujike, Makoto / Taguchi, Fumihiro / Shin, Hyun-Jin

    Viruses. 2022 Feb. 15, v. 14, no. 2

    2022  

    Abstract: Deletions in the spike gene of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) produce several variants with diverse biological characteristics, highlighting the significance of the spike gene in viral pathogenesis. In this study, we characterized the JHM-X strain, which ... ...

    Abstract Deletions in the spike gene of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) produce several variants with diverse biological characteristics, highlighting the significance of the spike gene in viral pathogenesis. In this study, we characterized the JHM-X strain, which has a deletion in the hypervariable region (HVR) of the spike gene, compared with the cl-2 strain, which has a full spike gene. Cytopathic effects (CPEs) induced by the two strains revealed that the size of the CPE produced by cl-2 is much greater than that produced by JHM-X in delayed brain tumor (DBT) cells. Thus, this finding explains the greater fusion activity of cl-2 than JHM-X in cultured cells, and we speculate that the deletion region of the spike protein is involved in the fusion activity differences. In contrast with the fusion activity, a comparison of the virus growth kinetics revealed that the titer of JHM-X was approximately 100 times higher than that of cl-2. We found that the deletion region of the spike protein was involved in fusion activity differences, whereas cl-2 produced significantly higher luciferase activity than JHM-X upon similar expression levels of the spike protein. However, the reason behind the growth difference is still unknown. Overall, we discovered that deletion in the HVR of the spike gene could be involved in the fusion activity differences between the two strains.
    Keywords Murine hepatitis virus ; brain neoplasms ; cell fusion ; genes ; growth models ; luciferase ; pathogenesis ; viral growth
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0215
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v14020398
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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