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Article ; Online: A Review of Veterinary and Economically Devastating Coronaviruses

Mohd Iswadi ISMAIL

Bioscientific Review, Vol 5, Iss

Emphasising Poultry and Pigs

2023 Volume 1

Abstract: Coronaviruses are known can cause a significant impact on veterinary medicine and socio-economic. Understanding the biological characteristics and dynamics of pathogenic coronaviruses is a major scientific challenge with potential impacts on animal ... ...

Abstract	Coronaviruses are known can cause a significant impact on veterinary medicine and socio-economic. Understanding the biological characteristics and dynamics of pathogenic coronaviruses is a major scientific challenge with potential impacts on animal health. Coronaviruses are typically known to cause respiratory or enteric diseases in poultry and pigs. However, some coronavirus strains may cause extra-pulmonary and extra-intestinal disorders. Keeping in view the limitations of the current knowledge, the impact of coronaviruses on poultry and pigs was examined.
Keywords	animals ; coronavirus ; economy ; pigs ; poultry ; veterinary ; Microbiology ; QR1-502 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of Management and Technology
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Characterization of S1 gene sequence variations of attenuated QX-like and variant infectious bronchitis virus strains and the pathogenicity of the viruses in specific-pathogen-free chickens

Ismail, Mohd Iswadi / Wei, Tan Sheau / Hair-Bejo, Mohd / Omar, Abdul Rahman

Archives of virology. 2020 Dec., v. 165, no. 12

2020

Abstract: Besides the vaccine strains, the Malaysian variant (MV) and QX-like are the predominant IBVs detected on commercial poultry farms. These two virus strains are distinct based on genomic and pathogenicity studies. In this study, we determined the sequence ... ...

Abstract	Besides the vaccine strains, the Malaysian variant (MV) and QX-like are the predominant IBVs detected on commercial poultry farms. These two virus strains are distinct based on genomic and pathogenicity studies. In this study, we determined the sequence of the S1 gene and compared the pathogenicity of serial passage 70 (P70) of Malaysian QX-like (QX/P70) and MV (MV/P70) strains with that of their respective wild-type viruses. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the complete S1 genes of QX/P70 and MV/P70 showed 1.4 to 1.6% and 3.0 to 3.3% variation, respectively, when compared to the wild-type virus. Most of the mutations were insertions and substitutions in the hypervariable regions (HVRs), primarily in HVR 3. Furthermore, selection pressure analysis showed that both viruses are under purifying selection. A pathogenicity study in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens showed a reduction in respiratory and kidney lesions in chickens inoculated with MV/P70, but not with QX/P70, when compared to the respective wild-type viruses. However, MV/P70 is still pathogenic and can cause ciliary damage. In conclusion, the MV IBV strain is more responsive than the QX-like IBV strain following the attenuation process used for the development of a live attenuated IBV vaccine.
Keywords	Infectious bronchitis virus ; chickens ; farms ; genes ; genomics ; kidneys ; live vaccines ; mutation ; nucleotide sequences ; pathogenicity ; selection pressure ; specific pathogen-free animals ; strains ; virology ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 2777-2788.
Publishing place	Springer Vienna
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	7491-3
ISSN	1432-8798 ; 0304-8608
ISSN (online)	1432-8798
ISSN	0304-8608
DOI	10.1007/s00705-020-04812-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Characterization of S1 gene sequence variations of attenuated QX-like and variant infectious bronchitis virus strains and the pathogenicity of the viruses in specific-pathogen-free chickens.

Ismail, Mohd Iswadi / Wei, Tan Sheau / Hair-Bejo, Mohd / Omar, Abdul Rahman

Archives of virology

2020 Volume 165, Issue 12, Page(s) 2777–2788

Abstract	Besides the vaccine strains, the Malaysian variant (MV) and QX-like are the predominant IBVs detected on commercial poultry farms. These two virus strains are distinct based on genomic and pathogenicity studies. In this study, we determined the sequence of the S1 gene and compared the pathogenicity of serial passage 70 (P70) of Malaysian QX-like (QX/P70) and MV (MV/P70) strains with that of their respective wild-type viruses. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the complete S1 genes of QX/P70 and MV/P70 showed 1.4 to 1.6% and 3.0 to 3.3% variation, respectively, when compared to the wild-type virus. Most of the mutations were insertions and substitutions in the hypervariable regions (HVRs), primarily in HVR 3. Furthermore, selection pressure analysis showed that both viruses are under purifying selection. A pathogenicity study in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens showed a reduction in respiratory and kidney lesions in chickens inoculated with MV/P70, but not with QX/P70, when compared to the respective wild-type viruses. However, MV/P70 is still pathogenic and can cause ciliary damage. In conclusion, the MV IBV strain is more responsive than the QX-like IBV strain following the attenuation process used for the development of a live attenuated IBV vaccine.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chickens ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Infectious bronchitis virus/genetics ; Infectious bronchitis virus/pathogenicity ; Poultry Diseases/pathology ; Poultry Diseases/prevention & control ; Poultry Diseases/virology ; Sequence Analysis, Protein ; Serial Passage ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
Chemical Substances	Vaccines, Attenuated
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-22
Publishing country	Austria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	7491-3
ISSN	1432-8798 ; 0304-8608
ISSN (online)	1432-8798
ISSN	0304-8608
DOI	10.1007/s00705-020-04812-2
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of the antigen relatedness and efficacy of a single vaccination with different infectious bronchitis virus strains against a challenge with Malaysian variant and QX-like IBV strains.

Ismail, Mohd Iswadi / Tan, Sheau Wei / Hair-Bejo, Mohd / Omar, Abdul Rahman

Journal of veterinary science

2020 Volume 21, Issue 6, Page(s) e76

Abstract: Background: The predominant infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains detected in chickens in Malaysia are the Malaysian variant (MV) and QX-like, which are associated with respiratory distress, nephropathy, and high mortality. On the other hand, the ... ...

Abstract	Background: The predominant infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains detected in chickens in Malaysia are the Malaysian variant (MV) and QX-like, which are associated with respiratory distress, nephropathy, and high mortality. On the other hand, the antigenic relatedness and efficacy of IBV vaccines against these 2 field IBV strains are not well characterized. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antigen relatedness and efficacy of different IB vaccine strains against a challenge with MV and QX-like strains. Methods: The antigen relatedness and the ability of different IB vaccine strains in conferring protection against MV and QX-like were assessed based on the clinical signs, macroscopic lesions, and ciliary activity. Results: The MV strain IBS037A/2014 showed minor antigenic subtype differences with the vaccine virus Mass H120 and 4/91 strains but showed major antigenic subtype differences with the K2 strain. The Malaysian QX-like strain IBS130/2015 showed major antigenic subtype differences with the MV strain IBS037A/2014 and the vaccine strains except for K2. Chickens vaccinated once with Mass (H120) or with non-Mass (4/91 and K2) developed antibody responses with the highest antibody titer detected in the groups vaccinated with H120 and 4/91. The mean ciliary activities of the vaccinated chickens were between 56 to 59% and 48 to 52% in chickens challenged with IBS037A/2014 and IBS130/2015, respectively. The vaccinated and challenged birds showed mild to severe lesions in the lungs and kidneys. Conclusions: Despite the minor antigenic subtype differences, a single inoculation with Mass or non-Mass vaccines could not protect against the MV IBS037A/2014 and QX-like IBS130/2015.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chickens ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Infectious bronchitis virus/immunology ; Malaysia ; Poultry Diseases/immunology ; Poultry Diseases/virology ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Vaccination/veterinary ; Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage ; Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
Chemical Substances	Vaccines, Attenuated ; Viral Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-02
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary
ZDB-ID	2125308-0
ISSN	1976-555X ; 1976-555X
ISSN (online)	1976-555X
ISSN	1976-555X
DOI	10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e76
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Article: Prevalence of Muscular Sarcosporidiosis in Slaughtered Domestic Pigs in Perak, Peninsular Malaysia.

Zainalabidin, Fazly Ann / Noorazmi, Muhamad Syamsul Naim / Bakri, Wan Normaziah Wan Omar / Sathaya, Geethamalar / Ismail, Mohd Iswadi

Tropical life sciences research

2016 Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 161–166

Abstract: Sarcosporidiosis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites, namely, ...

Abstract	Sarcosporidiosis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites, namely,
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12-27
Publishing country	Malaysia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2607038-8
ISSN	2180-4249 ; 1985-3718
ISSN (online)	2180-4249
ISSN	1985-3718
DOI	10.21315/tlsr2017.28.1.12
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Article ; Online: Production and Growth Performance of Malayan Gaur x Cattle Hybrid (Selembu) in Malaysia

Mohd Iswadi Ismail / Fazly Ann Zainalabidin / Abdul Samad Akil / Mohd Hafiz Mail / Zawawi Ismail / Abdul Wahid Haron / Abas Mazni Othman

Advancements in Life Sciences, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 19-

2018 Volume 23

Abstract: Background: In 1980s, the first gaur x cattle hybrid (Selembu) was born in Malaysia. However the production and domestication of the animal faces many obstacles. The aim of this literature is to report the potential concept for introduction and ... ...

Abstract	Background: In 1980s, the first gaur x cattle hybrid (Selembu) was born in Malaysia. However the production and domestication of the animal faces many obstacles. The aim of this literature is to report the potential concept for introduction and production of Selembu through hybridization program in Malaysia. Data generated from this study will be useful to strengthen the concept for the production of Selembu for the benefit of the beef industry as well as conserving the genetics of the gaurs in the wild. Methods: Fresh semen was collected from three wild matured Malayan gaur bulls by TM-EEJ technique. The collected semen were evaluate for volume, motility, viability and concentration before undergo cryopreservation. Data on semen collection, analysis and cryopreservation were used as criteria for semen selection during AI into the cow. The conception rate was recorded in each inseminated group. Selembu calves were raised and evaluated their growth performance in farm environment. Results: As a result, we managed to collect and cryopreserve the semen from all three wild gaur bulls. The cryopreserved semen was thawed and insert into cows by AI technique. 13 out of 21 cows in the farm received the gaur semen successful pregnant with Selembu fetus. Conclusion: An improvement in farm management, animal husbandry, breeding program and conservation of wild gaur would benefit the production of Selembu in the future.
Keywords	Malayan Gaur x cattle hybrid ; Artificial insemination ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of the Punjab
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Screening for Zoonotic Fascioliasis in Slaughtered Large Ruminants in Abattoirs in Perak, Malaysia.

Zainalabidin, Fazly Ann / Azmi, Muhamad Syamsul Naim Noor / Bakri, Wan Normaziah Wan Omar / Sathaya, Geethamalar / Ismail, Mohd Iswadi

Tropical life sciences research

2016 Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 121–124

Abstract: Fascioliasis, or trematode infestation, is an important disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. Both species are hepatic parasites that affect humans. We have examined the zoonotic aspects of fascioliasis. A total of 80 fresh liver ... ...

Abstract	Fascioliasis, or trematode infestation, is an important disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. Both species are hepatic parasites that affect humans. We have examined the zoonotic aspects of fascioliasis. A total of 80 fresh liver samples were collected from 67 Kedah-Kelantan crossbred cattle and 13 Murrah buffalo at 4 local abattoirs in Perak, Malaysia. The samples were examined macroscopically to detect the presence of Fasciola spp. The results show 7.50% (6 of 80) of the animals were diagnosed with fascioliasis. Overall, 7.46% (5 of 67) and 7.69% (1 of 13) of cattle and buffalo samples were positive, respectively. There were only F. gigantica species identified in the samples. Our findings suggest that precautions should be taken because the disease has a zoonotic impact on public health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02-12
Publishing country	Malaysia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2607038-8
ISSN	2180-4249 ; 1985-3718
ISSN (online)	2180-4249
ISSN	1985-3718
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Determination of malathion levels and the effect of malathion on the growth of Chrysomya megacephala (Fibricius) in malathion-exposed rat carcass.

Rumiza Abd, Rashid / Osman, Khairul / Mohd Iswadi, Ismail / Raja Muhammad, Zuha / Rogaya Abu, Hassan

Tropical biomedicine

2008 Volume 25, Issue 3, Page(s) 184–190

Abstract: This study was conducted to examine the effect of malathion on the development of Chrysomya megacephala. A total of 12 adult Sprague-Dawley rats was divided into 4 groups. Each animal in the 4 groups was given orally 0 (control), 10, 25 and 50ml/kg body ... ...

Abstract	This study was conducted to examine the effect of malathion on the development of Chrysomya megacephala. A total of 12 adult Sprague-Dawley rats was divided into 4 groups. Each animal in the 4 groups was given orally 0 (control), 10, 25 and 50ml/kg body weight of malathion, respectively. Chrysomya megacephala larvae were then allowed to grow on the liver of carcass. Larvae development was estimated by means of weight and length, time of adult emergence and survival rate. Results indicated that for the first 6 to 30 hours, larvae from control group developed more rapidly than larvae feeding on tissue containing malathion. However, the 3 doses of malathion did not exhibit significant impact on larvae length and weight. The time required for adult emergence was significantly greater for malathion-treated colony which was 10 days compared to 7 days in control colony. Control larvae of C. megacephala had higher survival rate compared to larvae exposed to the three different doses of malathion. Analysis of the tissues indicated that all rats and fly samples were positive for malathion. Malathion concentration was highest in liver. It was concluded that the presence of malathion altered the development rate of C. megacephala and thus disrupted normal postmortem interval estimation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Diptera/drug effects ; Diptera/growth & development ; Entomology ; Forensic Sciences/methods ; Insecticides/pharmacokinetics ; Larva/drug effects ; Larva/growth & development ; Malathion/pharmacokinetics ; Malathion/pharmacology ; Postmortem Changes ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Distribution
Chemical Substances	Insecticides ; Malathion (U5N7SU872W)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-12
Publishing country	Malaysia
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1068371-9
ISSN	0127-5720
ISSN	0127-5720
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of DNA Integrity of Cryopreserved Boer Goat (Capra hircus) Sperm Using Comet Assay at Various pH Conditions

Ismail Iswadi Mohd / Fazly Ann Zainalabidin / Mohamed Norhazilah / Mohd Padzil Rahman / Mazni Othman Abas / Fatimah Ibrahim Siti

Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies, Vol 46, Iss 1, Pp 65-

2013 Volume 70

Abstract: A very wide range of temperature changes during cryopreservation process reported cause complications to the sperm. One of it is DNA damage on the sperm which has been identified during the freezing and thawing process. Comet assay is a useful tool in ... ...

Abstract	A very wide range of temperature changes during cryopreservation process reported cause complications to the sperm. One of it is DNA damage on the sperm which has been identified during the freezing and thawing process. Comet assay is a useful tool in sperm DNA integrity evaluation. Alkaline and neutral comet assay were able to differentiate DNA single- and double-strand breaks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the DNA integrity of post-thaw Boer goat (Capra hircus) sperm using comet assay. The semen was collected using artificial vagina technique and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen by slow-freezing cryopreservation protocol. DNA integrity of the sperm was evaluated using both neutral and alkaline comet assay immediately after thawing process. Tail moment and Olive tail moment were significantly higher under neutral condition (pH10) compared to alkaline condition (pH13) on post-thawed sperm (p<0.05). As a conclusion, cryopreservation of Boer goat sperm produces DNA double-strand breaks. The optimum detection of DNA strand breaks is at pH10.
Keywords	cryopreservation ; comet assay ; dna integrity ; sperm ; ph ; Agriculture ; S ; Technology ; T ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Agroprint Timisoara
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acids on Cattle Sperm Kinetics Using Computer Assisted Semen Analysis

Amat Aswadi Abd Karim / Mohd Iswadi Ismail / Nor Azlina Zakaria / Siti Fatimah Ibrahim / Khairul Osman / Zawawi Ismail

Research Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp 73-

2012 Volume 77

Abstract: This study investigated the protective effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) on animal sperm quality using Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA). Fresh semen sample collected from adult Limousin bulls. The experiment involved five test groups and a control. ...

Abstract	This study investigated the protective effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) on animal sperm quality using Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA). Fresh semen sample collected from adult Limousin bulls. The experiment involved five test groups and a control. Alpha lipoic acid with different concentrations (0.1, 0.05, 0,025, 0.0125 and 0.00625 mmol mL -1 ) incubated into semen from all test groups. They were cryopreserved and thawed after 1 h. CASA analysis prior to cryopresevation confirmed the baseline condition. While post-thawed investigation determined the changes in sperm quality between the various groups. CASA parameters used were percent motility, Average Path Velocity (VAP, μ sec -1 ), Curvilinear Velocity (VCL, μ sec -1 ), Straight Line Velocity (VSL, μ sec -1 ), Amplitude of Lateral Head displacement (ALH, μ), Beat Cross Frequency (BCF, Hz), Linearity (LIN, ratio of VSL/VCL) and Straightness (STR, ratio of VSL/VAP). ALA statistically improved VAP, VCL, VSL, ALH and BCF particularly for ALA concentration > 0.05 mmol L -1 . On the other hand, it did not influenced LIN and STR. As a conclusion, ALA influences semicircular sperm motion and increases velocity. It might be useful as an additive in the extender or cryoprotectant agent to improve sperm motility.
Keywords	Alpha lipoic acid ; cattle ; semen analysis ; semen quality ; sperm motility ; Malaysia ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Biology ; DOAJ:Biology and Life Sciences
Subject code	333 ; 630
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Medwell Online
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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