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  1. Article: Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and potential pharmacological treatment

    Pawlik, Leon / Śpiołek, Emilian / Fichna, Jakub / Tarasiuk, Aleksandra

    Postepy biochemii

    2020  Volume 66, Issue 2, Page(s) 83–90

    Abstract: In December 2019 in Wuhan, China the first cases of previously unknown, coronaviral infection-induced pneumonia have been reported. The new virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) was named after SARS-CoV due to their ... ...

    Title translation Charakterystyka wirusa SARS-CoV-2 i potencjalne farmakologiczne sposoby leczenia.
    Abstract In December 2019 in Wuhan, China the first cases of previously unknown, coronaviral infection-induced pneumonia have been reported. The new virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) was named after SARS-CoV due to their similarities and the disease caused by the pathogen is COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019). On 11 March 2020 WHO (World Health Organization) defined the rapidly increasing number of incidents of COVID-19 as a pandemic. In this review we will present recent information about the SARS-CoV-2 focusing on the origin, clinical picture, diagnostic methods, structure, replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2 and potential pharmaceutical measures against COVID-19.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus/growth & development ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity ; COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS Virus ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language Polish
    Publishing date 2020-05-09
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 414019-9
    ISSN 0032-5422
    ISSN 0032-5422
    DOI 10.18388/pb.2020_321
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Berberine as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of acute pancreatitis

    Tarasiuk, Aleksandra / Pawlik, Leon / Fichna, Jakub

    Postepy biochemii

    2019  Volume 65, Issue 3, Page(s) 224–230

    Abstract: Berberine (BRB) is a compound belonging to the group of isoquinoline alkaloids of plant origin that has long been used in traditional chinese medicine (TMC). Due to, among others anti-inflammatory properties BRB is a potential therapeutic in the ... ...

    Title translation Berberyna jako potencjalny terapeutyk w leczeniu ostrego zapalenia trzustki.
    Abstract Berberine (BRB) is a compound belonging to the group of isoquinoline alkaloids of plant origin that has long been used in traditional chinese medicine (TMC). Due to, among others anti-inflammatory properties BRB is a potential therapeutic in the treatment of acute pancreatitis (OZT). In a study in the mouse model of L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis, we showed that BRB administered by the intravenous route at 0.1 and 0.5 mg / kg body weight significantly reduces the level of myeloperoxidase activity (an indicator of inflammation) in the pancreas and lungs. Promising results point to the need for larger, randomized studies to assess the long-term efficacy and side effects of BRB therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease/therapy ; Animals ; Berberine/pharmacology ; Berberine/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Lung/drug effects ; Lung/pathology ; Pancreas/drug effects ; Pancreas/pathology ; Pancreatitis/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Berberine (0I8Y3P32UF)
    Language Polish
    Publishing date 2019-10-01
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 414019-9
    ISSN 0032-5422
    ISSN 0032-5422
    DOI 10.18388/pb.2019_278
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Charakterystyka wirusa SARS-CoV-2 i potencjalne farmakologiczne sposoby leczenia./ Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and potential pharmacological treatment

    Pawlik, Leon / Spiolek, Emilian / Fichna, Jakub / Tarasiuk, Aleksandra

    Postepy Biochem

    Abstract: In December 2019 in Wuhan, China the first cases of previously unknown, coronaviral infection-induced pneumonia have been reported. The new virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) was named after SARS-CoV due to their ... ...

    Abstract In December 2019 in Wuhan, China the first cases of previously unknown, coronaviral infection-induced pneumonia have been reported. The new virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) was named after SARS-CoV due to their similarities and the disease caused by the pathogen is COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019). On 11 March 2020 WHO (World Health Organization) defined the rapidly increasing number of incidents of COVID-19 as a pandemic. In this review we will present recent information about the SARS-CoV-2 focusing on the origin, clinical picture, diagnostic methods, structure, replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2 and potential pharmaceutical measures against COVID-19.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #689005
    Database COVID19

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  4. Article ; Online: Predictors and Prognostic Implications of Perioperative Chemotherapy Completion in Gastric Cancer.

    Karagkounis, Georgios / Squires, Malcolm Hart / Melis, Marcovalerio / Poultsides, George A / Worhunsky, David / Jin, Linda X / Fields, Ryan C / Spolverato, Gaya / Pawlik, Timothy M / Votanopoulos, Konstantinos I / Levine, Edward A / Schmidt, Carl / Bloomston, Mark / Cho, Clifford S / Weber, Sharon / Masi, Antonio / Berman, Russell / Pachter, H Leon / Staley, Charles A /
    Newman, Elliot / Maithel, Shishir K / Hatzaras, Ioannis

    Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract

    2017  Volume 21, Issue 12, Page(s) 1984–1992

    Abstract: Background: Perioperative chemotherapy in gastric cancer is increasingly used since the "MAGIC" trial, while clinical practice data outside of trials remain limited. We sought to evaluate the predictors and prognostic implications of perioperative ... ...

    Abstract Background: Perioperative chemotherapy in gastric cancer is increasingly used since the "MAGIC" trial, while clinical practice data outside of trials remain limited. We sought to evaluate the predictors and prognostic implications of perioperative chemotherapy completion in patients undergoing curative-intent gastrectomy across multiple US institutions.
    Methods: Patients who underwent curative-intent resection of gastric adenocarcinoma between 2000 and 2012 in eight institutions of the US Gastric Cancer Collaborative were identified. Patients who received preoperative chemotherapy were included, while those who died within 90 days or with unknown adjuvant chemotherapy status were excluded. Predictors of chemotherapy completion and survival were identified using multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards.
    Results: One hundred sixty three patients were included (median age 63.3, 36.8% female). The postoperative component of perioperative chemotherapy was administered in 112 (68.7%) patients. Factors independently associated with receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy were younger age (odds ratio (OR) 2.73, P = 0.03), T3 tumors (OR 14.3, P = 0.04), lymph node metastasis (OR 5.82, P = 0.03), and D2 lymphadenectomy (OR 4.12, P = 0.007), and, inversely, postoperative complications (OR 0.25, P = 0.008). Median overall survival (OS) was 25.1 months and 5-year OS was 36.5%. Predictors of OS were preexisting cardiac disease (hazard ratio (HR) 2.7, 95% CI 1.13-6.46), concurrent splenectomy (HR 4.11, 95% CI 1.68-10.0), tumor stage (reference stage I; stage II HR 2.62; 95% CI 0.99-6.94; stage III HR 4.86, 95% CI 1.81-13.02), and D2 lymphadenectomy (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.19-0.95). After accounting for these factors, adjuvant chemotherapy administration was associated with improved OS (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.14-0.82).
    Conclusion: Completion of perioperative chemotherapy was successful in two thirds of patients with gastric cancer and was independently associated with improved survival.
    MeSH term(s) Adenocarcinoma/complications ; Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy ; Adenocarcinoma/secondary ; Adenocarcinoma/surgery ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Gastrectomy/adverse effects ; Heart Diseases/complications ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Perioperative Period ; Prognosis ; Splenectomy ; Stomach Neoplasms/complications ; Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
    ZDB-ID 2012365-6
    ISSN 1873-4626 ; 1934-3213 ; 1091-255X
    ISSN (online) 1873-4626 ; 1934-3213
    ISSN 1091-255X
    DOI 10.1007/s11605-017-3594-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Stage-Specific Prognostic Effect of Race in Patients with Resectable Gastric Adenocarcinoma: An 8-Institution Study of the US Gastric Cancer Collaborative.

    Wang, Annie / Squires, Malcolm Hart / Melis, Marcovalerio / Poultsides, George A / Norton, Jeffrey A / Jin, Linda X / Fields, Ryan C / Spolverato, Gaya / Pawlik, Timothy M / Votanopoulos, Konstantinos I / Levine, Edward A / Schmidt, Carl / Bloomston, Mark / Cho, Clifford S / Weber, Sharon / Berman, Russell / Pachter, H Leon / Newman, Elliot / Staley, Charles A /
    Maithel, Shishir K / Hatzaras, Ioannis

    Journal of the American College of Surgeons

    2016  Volume 222, Issue 4, Page(s) 633–643

    Abstract: Background: Gastric cancer constitutes a major public health problem. This study sought to evaluate the relevance of race in gastric cancer and its prognostic effect in the overall outcomes of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.: Study design: ... ...

    Abstract Background: Gastric cancer constitutes a major public health problem. This study sought to evaluate the relevance of race in gastric cancer and its prognostic effect in the overall outcomes of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.
    Study design: Patients who underwent curative intent resection of gastric adenocarcinoma in 8 institutions of the US Gastric Cancer Collaborative were included, from 2000 to 2012. Nonparametric descriptive statistics were used to evaluate characteristics of standard demographic data. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify factors associated with recurrence-free survival and overall survival.
    Results: There were 1,077 patients included in the study, the majority of whom were of Caucasian race (n = 698, 68%), followed by African-American (n = 164, 15%), Asian (n = 132, 12%), Hispanic (n = 34, 3.2%), and other (n = 49, 4.5%). Clinicopathologic data were similarly distributed among the 5 groups. Mean follow-up was 27.1 months. By multivariate, stage-specific analysis, Asian race was a significant predictor of recurrence (all stages hazard ratio [HR] 0.45 95% CI [0.23, 0.97], p = 0.041) and of overall survival (all stages HR 0.35 95% CI [0.18, 0.68], p = 0.002). Recurrence-free survival was significantly increased in the Asian population compared with the non-Asian population (25th percentile: 38.6 vs 17.7 months, p = 0.0096), as was overall median survival (141 vs 38.8 months, p < 0.001).
    Conclusions: Patients of Asian race undergoing curative gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma appear to have a better prognosis stage for stage. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying etiology of this phenomenon.
    MeSH term(s) Adenocarcinoma/ethnology ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Adenocarcinoma/surgery ; Aged ; Disease-Free Survival ; Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data ; European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Stomach Neoplasms/ethnology ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
    ZDB-ID 1181115-8
    ISSN 1879-1190 ; 1072-7515
    ISSN (online) 1879-1190
    ISSN 1072-7515
    DOI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.043
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  6. Book ; Online: Detection and extraction of signals from the epoch of reionization using higher order one-point statistics

    Harker, Geraint J. A. / Zaroubi, Saleem / Thomas, Rajat M. / Jelic, Vibor / Labropoulos, Panagiotis / Mellema, Garrelt / Iliev, Ilian T. / Bernardi, Gianni / Brentjens, Michiel A. / de Bruyn, A. G. / Ciardi, Benedetta / Koopmans, Leon V. E. / Pandey, V. N. / Pawlik, Andreas H. / Schaye, Joop / Yatawatta, Sarod

    2008  

    Abstract: Detecting redshifted 21cm emission from neutral hydrogen in the early Universe promises to give direct constraints on the epoch of reionization (EoR). It will, though, be very challenging to extract the cosmological signal (CS) from foregrounds and noise ...

    Abstract Detecting redshifted 21cm emission from neutral hydrogen in the early Universe promises to give direct constraints on the epoch of reionization (EoR). It will, though, be very challenging to extract the cosmological signal (CS) from foregrounds and noise which are orders of magnitude larger. Fortunately, the signal has some characteristics which differentiate it from the foregrounds and noise, and we suggest that using the correct statistics may tease out signatures of reionization. We generate mock datacubes simulating the output of the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) EoR experiment. These cubes combine realistic models for Galactic and extragalactic foregrounds and the noise with three different simulations of the CS. We fit out the foregrounds, which are smooth in the frequency direction, to produce residual images in each frequency band. We denoise these images and study the skewness of the one-point distribution in the images as a function of frequency. We find that, under sufficiently optimistic assumptions, we can recover the main features of the redshift evolution of the skewness in the 21cm signal. We argue that some of these features - such as a dip at the onset of reionization, followed by a rise towards its later stages - may be generic, and give us a promising route to a statistical detection of reionization.

    Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures. One figure added. Other small changes to match accepted version
    Keywords Astrophysics
    Subject code 612
    Publishing date 2008-09-14
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Adjuvant chemoradiation for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: the Johns Hopkins Hospital-Mayo Clinic collaborative study.

    Hsu, Charles C / Herman, Joseph M / Corsini, Michele M / Winter, Jordan M / Callister, Matthew D / Haddock, Michael G / Cameron, John L / Pawlik, Timothy M / Schulick, Richard D / Wolfgang, Christopher L / Laheru, Daniel A / Farnell, Michael B / Swartz, Michael J / Gunderson, Leonard L / Miller, Robert C

    Annals of surgical oncology

    2010  Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) 981–990

    Abstract: Background: Survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is low, the role of adjuvant therapy remains controversial, and recent data suggest adjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) may decrease survival compared with surgery alone. Our goal was to examine ... ...

    Abstract Background: Survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is low, the role of adjuvant therapy remains controversial, and recent data suggest adjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) may decrease survival compared with surgery alone. Our goal was to examine efficacy of adjuvant CRT in resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma compared with surgery alone.
    Materials and methods: Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma at Johns Hopkins Hospital (n = 794, 1993-2005) and Mayo Clinic (n = 478, 1985-2005) following resection who were observed (n = 509) or received adjuvant 5-FU based CRT (median dose 50.4 Gy; n = 583) were included. Cox survival and propensity score analyses assessed associations with overall survival. Matched-pair analysis by treatment group (1:1) based on institution, age, sex, tumor size/stage, differentiation, margin, and node positivity with N = 496 (n = 248 per treatment arm) was performed.
    Results: Median survival was 18.8 months. Overall survival (OS) was longer among recipients of CRT versus surgery alone (median survival 21.1 vs. 15.5 months, P < .001; 2- and 5-year OS 44.7 vs. 34.6%; 22.3 vs. 16.1%, P < .001). Compared with surgery alone, adjuvant CRT improved survival in propensity score analysis for all patients by 33% (P < .001), with improved survival when stratified by age, margin, node, and T-stage (RR = 0.57-0.75, P < .05). Matched-pair analysis demonstrated OS was longer with CRT (21.9 vs. 14.3 months median survival; 2- and 5-year OS 45.5 vs. 31.4%; 25.4 vs. 12.2%, P < .001).
    Conclusions: Adjuvant CRT is associated with improved survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Adjuvant CRT was not associated with decreased survival in any risk group, even in propensity score and matched-pair analyses. Further studies evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy compared with adjuvant chemoradiation are needed to determine the most effective combination of systemic and local-regional therapy to achieve optimal survival results.
    MeSH term(s) Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy ; Adenocarcinoma/mortality ; Adenocarcinoma/radiotherapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Fluorouracil/therapeutic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/radiotherapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Prospective Studies ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; Fluorouracil (U3P01618RT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-01-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
    ZDB-ID 1200469-8
    ISSN 1534-4681 ; 1068-9265
    ISSN (online) 1534-4681
    ISSN 1068-9265
    DOI 10.1245/s10434-009-0743-7
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