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  1. Book ; Online: Chemical and Molecular Approach to Tumor Metastases

    Sava, Gianni / Bergamo, Alberta

    2018  

    Abstract: Dear Colleagues, Malignant tumors develop distant metastases, e.g., small clusters of cells that detach from the primitive site and colonize distant organs and tissues. Unlike the primary masses, metastases are often difficult to fully eradicate by ... ...

    Abstract Dear Colleagues, Malignant tumors develop distant metastases, e.g., small clusters of cells that detach from the primitive site and colonize distant organs and tissues. Unlike the primary masses, metastases are often difficult to fully eradicate by surgery ablation and are almost always the primary object of chemo- and/or immune-therapies. The presence of metastases at tumor diagnosis is responsible for the unfavorable prognosis and of relapses even after initially successful tumor therapies. The lack of success of chemo- and immune-therapy approaches depends on many factors among which, the inadequate capacity of the anti-tumor drugs of reaching appropriate concentrations in the organs and tissues involved in the metastatic growth is a major concern. Another factor is the complexity of the metastasis biology and of their molecular behavior, evidencing a population of tumor cells with a genetic compartment different from that of the tumor of origin.-

    The involvement of host cells and factors recruited by the metastatic cells and committed to support the metastatic growth is also an event crucial for the lack of success of the anti-tumor therapy. The knowledge of the molecular biology of metastases is mandatory to support the search for chemical agents to treat the metastatic determinants and to control of the neoplastic disease. This Special Issue on "Chemical and Molecular Approach to Tumor Metastases" will explore the impact of biology, molecular medicine and chemistry on all aspects related to tumor metastases from the biological and molecular aspects of the metastatic growth, including the relationships between the metastatic cells and the host environment, and the search for druggable determinants useful for the chemical analysis of agents selectively active against tumor metastases.-

    With the combination of invited reviews and original papers from prominent scientists working on all aspects of molecular medicine and cancer therapy, such as, but not limited to: drug delivery, genomics, chemoprevention, drug discovery, we aim to sample recent progress in molecular and chemical aspects of therapy of malignant tumors. Clinical success studies and evidences of novel compounds are particularly welcome
    Keywords Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; Biology (General)
    Size 1 electronic resource (VIII, 256 p.)
    Publisher MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT020098836
    ISBN 9783038428954 ; 9783038428961 ; 3038428957 ; 3038428965
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Lysozyme: A Natural Product with Multiple and Useful Antiviral Properties.

    Bergamo, Alberta / Sava, Gianni

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 29, Issue 3

    Abstract: Lysozyme, especially the one obtained from hen's egg white, continues to show new pharmacological properties. The fact that only a few of these properties can be translated into therapeutic applications is due to the lack of suitable clinical studies. ... ...

    Abstract Lysozyme, especially the one obtained from hen's egg white, continues to show new pharmacological properties. The fact that only a few of these properties can be translated into therapeutic applications is due to the lack of suitable clinical studies. However, this lack cannot hide the evidence that is emerging from scientific research. This review for the first time examines, from a pharmacological point of view, all the relevant studies on the antiviral properties of lysozyme, analyzing its possible mechanism of action and its ability to block viral infections and, in some cases, inhibit viral replication. Lysozyme can interact with nucleic acids and alter their function, but this effect is uncoupled from the catalytic activity that determines its antibacterial activity; it is present in intact lysozyme but is equally potent in a heat-degraded lysozyme or in a nonapeptide isolated by proteolytic digestion. An analysis of the literature shows that lysozyme can be used both as a disinfectant for raw and processed foods and as a drug to combat viral infections in animals and humans. To summarize, it can be said that lysozyme has important antiviral properties, as already suspected in the initial studies conducted over 50 years ago, and it should be explored in suitable clinical studies on humans.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Female ; Muramidase/chemistry ; Chickens/metabolism ; Biological Products/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Virus Diseases
    Chemical Substances Muramidase (EC 3.2.1.17) ; Biological Products ; Antiviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules29030652
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Pharmacological Modulation of Host Immunity with Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL)-A Review.

    Bergamo, Alberta / Sava, Gianni

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 28, Issue 13

    Abstract: In the 100 years since its discovery, lysozyme has become an important molecule, both as model for studies in different fields and as a candidate for the therapy of various pathological conditions. Of the dozens of known lysozymes, in this review we ... ...

    Abstract In the 100 years since its discovery, lysozyme has become an important molecule, both as model for studies in different fields and as a candidate for the therapy of various pathological conditions. Of the dozens of known lysozymes, in this review we focus on one in particular, lysozyme extracted from hen egg white (HEWL), and its interaction with the immune system when it is administered orally. Experimental data show that there is an axis that directs immune system activation from GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue) and the intestinal lymphocyte clusters. Although a contribution of peptidoglycans from digestion of the bacterial cell wall in the intestinal lumen cannot be excluded, immune stimulation is not dependent on the enzymatic activity of HEWL. The immune responses suggest that HEWL is able to recover from immunodepression caused by tumor growth or immunosuppressants, and that it also improves the success of chemotherapy. The positive results obtained in a small Phase 2 study in patients, the ease of oral administration of this protein, and the absence of adverse effects suggest that HEWL may play an important role in all diseases where the immune system is weakened or where its enhancement plays a critical role in the resolution of the pathology.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Chickens/metabolism ; Muramidase/metabolism ; Egg White
    Chemical Substances Muramidase (EC 3.2.1.17)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules28135027
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Pharmacological Modulation of Host Immunity with Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL)—A Review

    Alberta Bergamo / Gianni Sava

    Molecules, Vol 28, Iss 5027, p

    2023  Volume 5027

    Abstract: In the 100 years since its discovery, lysozyme has become an important molecule, both as model for studies in different fields and as a candidate for the therapy of various pathological conditions. Of the dozens of known lysozymes, in this review we ... ...

    Abstract In the 100 years since its discovery, lysozyme has become an important molecule, both as model for studies in different fields and as a candidate for the therapy of various pathological conditions. Of the dozens of known lysozymes, in this review we focus on one in particular, lysozyme extracted from hen egg white (HEWL), and its interaction with the immune system when it is administered orally. Experimental data show that there is an axis that directs immune system activation from GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue) and the intestinal lymphocyte clusters. Although a contribution of peptidoglycans from digestion of the bacterial cell wall in the intestinal lumen cannot be excluded, immune stimulation is not dependent on the enzymatic activity of HEWL. The immune responses suggest that HEWL is able to recover from immunodepression caused by tumor growth or immunosuppressants, and that it also improves the success of chemotherapy. The positive results obtained in a small Phase 2 study in patients, the ease of oral administration of this protein, and the absence of adverse effects suggest that HEWL may play an important role in all diseases where the immune system is weakened or where its enhancement plays a critical role in the resolution of the pathology.
    Keywords lysozyme ; immunity ; pharmacology ; experimental ; human ; therapy ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Evaluation of NAMI-A Cytotoxic Effects toward Leukemia Cell Lines: A Slippery Ground Giving Misleading Messages.

    Bergamo, Alberta / Sava, Gianni

    Critical reviews in oncogenesis

    2021  Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 73–78

    Abstract: The expansion of metal-based complexes in the last 20 years has been very intense and many metals have been involved. Among the many compounds studied, the ruthenium-based complex NAMI-A embodies the unique paradigm of the ability to selectively ... ...

    Abstract The expansion of metal-based complexes in the last 20 years has been very intense and many metals have been involved. Among the many compounds studied, the ruthenium-based complex NAMI-A embodies the unique paradigm of the ability to selectively inhibiting and preventing the development and the growth of distant metastases originating from solid tumors in all the tumor models on which it has been tested. An activity that can be detected only in vivo since the compound is virtually free of measurable direct cell cytotoxicity in vitro. Recently, a published paper reported on a significant in vitro cytotoxicity against some leukemic cells. The present study was undertaken to reproduce those experiments to further support this novel antileukemic activity that would have put NAMI-A on a new trajectory for development. Our results do not confirm the efficacy of NAMI-A in vitro against the human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line either using test cultures identical to those reported in the study of reference or in even more stressed conditions, supporting the lack of in vitro direct cell cytotoxicity of NAMI-A. The present study also helps to elucidate that many factors can influence the outcome of in vitro tests of cytotoxicity and suggests caution to speculate on possible therapeutic properties based on the results of simple and reductive in vitro tests of cytotoxicity.
    MeSH term(s) Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide/analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Leukemia/drug therapy ; Organometallic Compounds/pharmacology ; Ruthenium Compounds/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Organometallic Compounds ; Ruthenium Compounds ; imidazolium-bis(imidazole)dimethylsulfoxideimidazotetrachlororuthenate(III) ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide (YOW8V9698H)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1036388-9
    ISSN 0893-9675
    ISSN 0893-9675
    DOI 10.1615/CritRevOncog.2020036010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Chemical and Molecular Approach to Tumor Metastases.

    Bergamo, Alberta / Sava, Gianni

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2018  Volume 19, Issue 3

    Abstract: Tumours are not merely masses of abnormally proliferating cancer cells[ ... ]. ...

    Abstract Tumours are not merely masses of abnormally proliferating cancer cells[...].
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms19030843
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Chemical and Molecular Approach to Tumor Metastases

    Alberta Bergamo / Gianni Sava

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 19, Iss 3, p

    2018  Volume 843

    Abstract: Tumours are not merely masses of abnormally proliferating cancer cells[.] ...

    Abstract Tumours are not merely masses of abnormally proliferating cancer cells[.]
    Keywords n/a ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Thrombotic events with or without thrombocytopenia in recipients of adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines.

    Cari, Luigi / Naghavi Alhosseini, Mahdieh / Bergamo, Alberta / Pacor, Sabrina / Pierno, Sabata / Sava, Gianni / Nocentini, Giuseppe

    Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

    2022  Volume 9, Page(s) 967926

    Abstract: COVID-19, the severe acute respiratory syndrome, is one of the major emergencies that have affected health care systems. Drugs and oxygen are only partially effective in saving lives in patients with severe COVID-19, and the most important protection ... ...

    Abstract COVID-19, the severe acute respiratory syndrome, is one of the major emergencies that have affected health care systems. Drugs and oxygen are only partially effective in saving lives in patients with severe COVID-19, and the most important protection from death is vaccination. The widespread use of COVID-19 adenovirus-based vaccines has provided evidence for the occurrence of rare venous thrombotic events including cerebral venous thrombosis and splanchnic venous thrombosis in recipients of Vaxzevria and Jcovden vaccines and the review focus on them. One year ago, thromboses in Vaxzevria recipients have been associated with thrombocytopenia in the presence of antibodies to platelet factor 4 and have been called vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). The incidence of VITT is equal to 9-31 events per one million doses of vaccines as evaluated by health agencies worldwide and is higher in female and young vaccine recipients. More recently, by using the European EudraVigilance database, it has been demonstrated that the incidence of thrombosis in recipients of adenovirus-based vaccines is 5-10 fold higher than that of VITT and 7-12 fold higher than observed in the recipients of Comirnaty, an mRNA-based vaccine, suggesting that adenovirus-based vaccines cause not only VITT but also thrombosis without thrombocytopenia (non-VITT thrombosis). The incidence of the vaccine-dependent non-VITT thrombosis is different in the adenovirus-based vaccines and the VITT/non-VITT incidence ratio depends on the severity of thrombosis and is inversely related to the age of the recipients. The possible causes and clinical implications of non-VITT thrombosis in vaccine recipients are discussed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2781496-8
    ISSN 2297-055X
    ISSN 2297-055X
    DOI 10.3389/fcvm.2022.967926
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Selection of Natural Compounds with HMGA-Interfering Activities and Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity.

    Mori, Mattia / Ghirga, Francesca / Amato, Beatrice / Secco, Luca / Quaglio, Deborah / Romeo, Isabella / Gambirasi, Marta / Bergamo, Alberta / Covaceuszach, Sonia / Sgarra, Riccardo / Botta, Bruno / Manfioletti, Guidalberto

    ACS omega

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 36, Page(s) 32424–32431

    Abstract: HMGA proteins are intrinsically disordered (ID) chromatin architectural factors characterized by three DNA binding domains (AT-hooks) that allow them to bind into the DNA minor groove of AT-rich stretches. HMGA are functionally involved in regulating ... ...

    Abstract HMGA proteins are intrinsically disordered (ID) chromatin architectural factors characterized by three DNA binding domains (AT-hooks) that allow them to bind into the DNA minor groove of AT-rich stretches. HMGA are functionally involved in regulating transcription, RNA processing, DNA repair, and chromatin remodeling and dynamics. These proteins are highly expressed and play essential functions during embryonic development. They are almost undetectable in adult tissues but are re-expressed at high levels in all cancers where they are involved in neoplastic transformation and cancer progression. We focused on identifying new small molecules capable of binding into the minor groove of AT-rich DNA sequences that could compete with HMGA for DNA binding and, thus, potentially interfere with their activities. Here, a docking-based virtual screening of a unique high diversity in-house library composed of around 1000 individual natural products identified 16 natural compounds as potential minor groove binders that could inhibit the interaction between HMGA and DNA. To verify the ability of these selected compounds to compete with HMGA proteins, we screened them using electrophoretic mobility shift assays. We identified Sorocein C, a Diels-Alder (D-A)-type adducts, isolated from
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2470-1343
    ISSN (online) 2470-1343
    DOI 10.1021/acsomega.3c02043
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Linking the future of anticancer metal-complexes to the therapy of tumour metastases.

    Bergamo, Alberta / Sava, Gianni

    Chemical Society reviews

    2015  Volume 44, Issue 24, Page(s) 8818–8835

    Abstract: Cancer chemotherapy is almost always applied to patients with one or more diagnosed metastases and is expected to impact these lesions, thus providing significant benefits to the patient. The outcome of metastasis is determined by the interplay between ... ...

    Abstract Cancer chemotherapy is almost always applied to patients with one or more diagnosed metastases and is expected to impact these lesions, thus providing significant benefits to the patient. The outcome of metastasis is determined by the interplay between the specific subpopulation of metastatic cells and host homeostatic factors in specific microenvironments. In clinical practice, metal-based drugs are represented by platinum compounds, which are constituents of a wide variety of chemotherapeutic regimens, and are only rarely active against tumour metastases unless they are combined with drugs that target specific pathways characterizing the malignancy of the tested tumour. On experimental grounds, a number of complexes based on ruthenium and other metals have been frequently studied in vitro using models and experimental conditions mimicking one or more steps of the metastatic process, such as invasion and migration. The ruthenium-based drug, NAMI-A, is the only one to have been subject to clinical testing for the treatment of metastatic tumours. The capacity of NAMI-A to modulate the relationship established between metastatic cells and their microenvironment suggests that metal-based drugs shall be viewed as an opportunity for the treatment of tumour metastases.
    MeSH term(s) Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Coordination Complexes/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis/drug therapy ; Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology ; Ruthenium/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Coordination Complexes ; Ruthenium (7UI0TKC3U5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-12-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1472875-8
    ISSN 1460-4744 ; 0306-0012
    ISSN (online) 1460-4744
    ISSN 0306-0012
    DOI 10.1039/c5cs00134j
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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