LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 10 of total 677

Search options

  1. Article: Evolutionary genomics: Insights from the invasive European starlings.

    Stuart, Katarina C / Sherwin, William B / Edwards, Richard J / Rollins, Lee A

    Frontiers in genetics

    2023  Volume 13, Page(s) 1010456

    Abstract: Two fundamental questions for evolutionary studies are the speed at which evolution occurs, and the way that this evolution may present itself within an organism's genome. Evolutionary studies on invasive populations are poised to tackle some of these ... ...

    Abstract Two fundamental questions for evolutionary studies are the speed at which evolution occurs, and the way that this evolution may present itself within an organism's genome. Evolutionary studies on invasive populations are poised to tackle some of these pressing questions, including understanding the mechanisms behind rapid adaptation, and how it facilitates population persistence within a novel environment. Investigation of these questions are assisted through recent developments in experimental, sequencing, and analytical protocols; in particular, the growing accessibility of next generation sequencing has enabled a broader range of taxa to be characterised. In this perspective, we discuss recent genetic findings within the invasive European starlings in Australia, and outline some critical next steps within this research system. Further, we use discoveries within this study system to guide discussion of pressing future research directions more generally within the fields of population and evolutionary genetics, including the use of historic specimens, phenotypic data, non-SNP genetic variants (e.g., structural variants), and pan-genomes. In particular, we emphasise the need for exploratory genomics studies across a range of invasive taxa so we can begin understanding broad mechanisms that underpin rapid adaptation in these systems. Understanding how genetic diversity arises and is maintained in a population, and how this contributes to adaptability, requires a deep understanding of how evolution functions at the molecular level, and is of fundamental importance for the future studies and preservation of biodiversity across the globe.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2606823-0
    ISSN 1664-8021
    ISSN 1664-8021
    DOI 10.3389/fgene.2022.1010456
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  2. Article ; Online: Contrasting Patterns of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Structural Variation Across Multiple Invasions.

    Stuart, Katarina C / Edwards, Richard J / Sherwin, William B / Rollins, Lee A

    Molecular biology and evolution

    2023  Volume 40, Issue 3

    Abstract: Genetic divergence is the fundamental process that drives evolution and ultimately speciation. Structural variants (SVs) are large-scale genomic differences within a species or population and can cause functionally important phenotypic differences. ... ...

    Abstract Genetic divergence is the fundamental process that drives evolution and ultimately speciation. Structural variants (SVs) are large-scale genomic differences within a species or population and can cause functionally important phenotypic differences. Characterizing SVs across invasive species will fill knowledge gaps regarding how patterns of genetic diversity and genetic architecture shape rapid adaptation under new selection regimes. Here, we seek to understand patterns in genetic diversity within the globally invasive European starling, Sturnus vulgaris. Using whole genome sequencing of eight native United Kingdom (UK), eight invasive North America (NA), and 33 invasive Australian (AU) starlings, we examine patterns in genome-wide SNPs and SVs between populations and within Australia. Our findings detail the landscape of standing genetic variation across recently diverged continental populations of this invasive avian. We demonstrate that patterns of genetic diversity estimated from SVs do not necessarily reflect relative patterns from SNP data, either when considering patterns of diversity along the length of the organism's chromosomes (owing to enrichment of SVs in subtelomeric repeat regions), or interpopulation diversity patterns (possibly a result of altered selection regimes or introduction history). Finally, we find that levels of balancing selection within the native range differ across SNP and SV of different classes and outlier classifications. Overall, our results demonstrate that the processes that shape allelic diversity within populations is complex and support the need for further investigation of SVs across a range of taxa to better understand correlations between often well-studied SNP diversity and that of SVs.
    MeSH term(s) Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Australia ; Genomics ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Genetic Variation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 998579-7
    ISSN 1537-1719 ; 0737-4038
    ISSN (online) 1537-1719
    ISSN 0737-4038
    DOI 10.1093/molbev/msad046
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  3. Article ; Online: Characterizing the Palm Pathogenic

    Ayika, Marie-Gabrielle / Rosano, Avril / Valiente, Jacqueline / Chakrabarti, Seemanti / Rollins, Jeffrey A / Dhillon, Braham

    Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 4

    Abstract: Thielaviopsis ... ...

    Abstract Thielaviopsis paradoxa
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2784229-0
    ISSN 2309-608X ; 2309-608X
    ISSN (online) 2309-608X
    ISSN 2309-608X
    DOI 10.3390/jof10040247
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  4. Article ; Online: Prolonged development of forced-choice recognition when targets are paired with non-corresponding lures.

    Rollins, Leslie / Huffman, Derek J / Walters, Lauren A / Bennett, Kaylee

    Journal of experimental child psychology

    2023  Volume 236, Page(s) 105742

    Abstract: ... an item mnemonically similar to the target), or a non-corresponding lure (A-B'; i.e., an item mnemonically ... than young adults on the A-B' test format. The MINERVA 2.2 computational model effectively accounted for these age ...

    Abstract Previous research suggests that mnemonic discrimination (i.e., the ability to discriminate between previously encountered and novel stimuli even when they are highly similar) improves substantially during childhood. To further understand the development of mnemonic discrimination during childhood, the current study had 4-year-old children, 6-year-old children, and young adults complete the forced-choice Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). The forced-choice MST offers a significant advantage in the context of developmental research because it is not sensitive to age-related differences in response criteria and includes three test formats that are theorized to be supported by different cognitive processes. A target (i.e., a previously encountered item) is paired with either a novel item (A-X), a corresponding lure (A-A'; i.e., an item mnemonically similar to the target), or a non-corresponding lure (A-B'; i.e., an item mnemonically similar to a different previously encoded item). We observed that 4-year-olds performed more poorly than 6-year-olds on the A-X and A-A' test formats, whereas both 4- and 6-year-olds performed more poorly than young adults on the A-B' test format. The MINERVA 2.2 computational model effectively accounted for these age-related differences. The model suggested that 4-year-olds have a lower learning rate (i.e., probability of encoding stimulus features) than 6-year-olds and young adults and that both 4- and 6-year-olds have greater encoding variability than young adults. These findings provide new insight into possible mechanisms underlying memory development during childhood and serve as the basis for multiple avenues of future research.
    MeSH term(s) Psychology, Child ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Young Adult ; Discrimination Learning ; Choice Behavior ; Child Development ; Reaction Time ; Male ; Female ; Models, Psychological ; Aging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218137-x
    ISSN 1096-0457 ; 0022-0965
    ISSN (online) 1096-0457
    ISSN 0022-0965
    DOI 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105742
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  5. Article ; Online: Inflammatory markers for differentiation of endometritis in the mare.

    Lection, Jennine / Wagner, Bettina / Byron, Michael / Miller, Andrew / Rollins, Alicia / Chenier, Tracey / Cheong, Soon Hon / Diel de Amorim, Mariana

    Equine veterinary journal

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Endometrial biopsy is required to diagnose mares with chronic endometritis and endometrial degenerative fibrosis. An increase in understanding of equine reproductive immunology could be utilised to create less-invasive, time-efficient ... ...

    Abstract Background: Endometrial biopsy is required to diagnose mares with chronic endometritis and endometrial degenerative fibrosis. An increase in understanding of equine reproductive immunology could be utilised to create less-invasive, time-efficient diagnostic tools especially when evaluating mares for chronic endometritis.
    Objectives: To evaluate inflammatory cytokine and chemokine concentrations in uterine fluid samples collected by low-volume lavage (LVL) as a potential screening diagnostic biomarker for endometritis.
    Study design: Prospective cross-sectional clinical study.
    Methods: Forty-six mares underwent a LVL and subsequently endometrial biopsy. Mares were split in three groups: healthy, acute endometritis, and chronic endometrial fibrosis (CEF) based on cytological and histological evaluation. A fluorescent bead-based multiplex assay for IFN-γ, IFN-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, sCD14, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5 and CCL11 were carried out on the LVL fluid. The endometrial biopsy was utilised for histology and qPCR of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, CCL2 and CCL3 genes. Statistical analyses examined differences in inflammatory markers and predictive modelling for diseased endometrium.
    Results: Secreted concentrations of IFN-γ were lower in LVL fluid from reproductively healthy mares compared with acute endometritis (p = 0.04) and CEF (p = 0.006). Additionally, IL-17, IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5 and CCL11 were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.04) in LVL from CEF mares compared with healthy mares. Mares with CCL2 concentrations ≥550 pg/mL (14/14) had 100% probability of having CEF and/or acute endometritis. Healthy mares had lower relative abundance of IL-17 mRNA compared with mares in CEF group [median (interquartile rage) = 14.76 (13.3, 15.3) and 12.4 (10.54, 13.81)], respectively (p = 0.02).
    Main limitations: Limited sample size: larger numbers of mares with and without endometritis are required and reference intervals in LVL samples have to be established.
    Conclusions: Inflammatory chemokines and cytokines concentrations differed between healthy mares and mares with acute endometritis or CEF in LVL.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 41606-x
    ISSN 2042-3306 ; 0425-1644
    ISSN (online) 2042-3306
    ISSN 0425-1644
    DOI 10.1111/evj.14058
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  6. Article: An Investigation of Employment Hope as a Key Factor Influencing Perceptions of Subjective Recovery among Adults with Serious Mental Illness Seeking Community Work.

    Kukla, Marina / McGuire, Alan B / Weber, Kenneth C / Hatfield, Jessi / Henry, Nancy / Kulesza, Eric / Rollins, Angela L

    Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 3

    Abstract: Introduction: Employment is an important contributor to recovery in people with serious mental illness (SMI), yet studies have not explored how subjective elements of employment hope contribute to perceptions of global recovery in this population.: ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Employment is an important contributor to recovery in people with serious mental illness (SMI), yet studies have not explored how subjective elements of employment hope contribute to perceptions of global recovery in this population.
    Methods: The current study examined the relationship between employment hope and subjective recovery in 276 unemployed adults with SMI participating in a multi-site clinical trial of a cognitive behavioral group intervention tailored toward work and combined with vocational rehabilitation. Participants had diagnoses of schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar, depressive, and posttraumatic stress disorders, and were receiving services at three Veterans Affairs healthcare facilities in the United States. Data were collected at study baseline. Linear regression analysis examined the relationship between employment hope (Short Employment Hope Scale; EHS-14) and subjective recovery (Recovery Assessment Scale; RAS) after controlling for psychiatric symptom severity and mental-health-related burden on daily life.
    Results: After accounting for covariates, employment hope significantly contributed to the regression model explaining subjective recovery. The overall model of predictor variables explained 52.5% of the variance in recovery. The results further explore the relationships between EHS-14 and RAS subscales.
    Conclusions: The findings suggest that employment hope is a key intervention target to bolster subjective recovery in this vulnerable population.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2651997-5
    ISSN 2076-328X
    ISSN 2076-328X
    DOI 10.3390/bs14030246
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  7. Article ; Online: Prevention of Parenteral Nutrition-associated Cholestasis Using Reduced Dose Soybean Lipid Emulsion: A Multicenter Randomized Trial.

    Maselli, Kathryn M / Carter, Irene C / Matusko, Niki / Warschausky, Seth / Blackmer, Allison B / Islam, Saleem / Rollins, Michael D / Javid, Patrick J / Arnold, Meghan A

    Journal of pediatric surgery

    2024  

    Abstract: Introduction: Reducing soybean lipid emulsion (SLE) dose may prevent parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) but effects on growth and neurodevelopment are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduced dose SLE on ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Reducing soybean lipid emulsion (SLE) dose may prevent parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) but effects on growth and neurodevelopment are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduced dose SLE on growth and neurodevelopment.
    Methods: Surgical neonates at 4 centers were randomized to standard SLE (3 g/kg/day) or reduced SLE (1 g/kg/day) over a 12-week period. Bilirubin levels and growth parameters were measured baseline and weekly while on study. The effects of time and group on direct bilirubin and growth were evaluated with a linear mixed effects model. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 12- and 24-months corrected gestational age.
    Results: Twenty-one individuals were randomized (standard dose = 9, reduced dose = 12). Subjects in the reduced dose group had slower rates of direct bilirubin increase and overall levels decreased earlier than those in the standard dose group. There was a trend toward a faster direct bilirubin decrease in the reduced dose group (p = 0.07 at day 84). There were no differences in the rates of change in weight (p = 0.352 at day 84) or height Z-scores (p = 0.11 at day 84) between groups. One subject in the reduced dose group had abnormal neurodevelopmental testing at 24 months.
    Conclusions: Surgical neonates randomized to a reduced dose of SLE had improved trends in direct bilirubin levels without clinically significant differences in overall growth and neurodevelopment.
    Type of study: Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Level of evidence: II.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80165-3
    ISSN 1531-5037 ; 0022-3468
    ISSN (online) 1531-5037
    ISSN 0022-3468
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.03.030
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  8. Article ; Online: Pancytopenia caused by allopurinol and azathioprine interaction in a heart transplant patient: a case report.

    Feinman, Jason / Rollins, Brett / Contreras, Johanna / Parikh, Aditya

    European heart journal. Case reports

    2020  Volume 4, Issue 6, Page(s) 1–4

    Abstract: Background: Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive now less commonly prescribed after orthotopic heart transplantation. Patients with solid organ transplantation are at increased risk for numerous comorbidities including gout. Co-administration of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive now less commonly prescribed after orthotopic heart transplantation. Patients with solid organ transplantation are at increased risk for numerous comorbidities including gout. Co-administration of allopurinol for gout prophylaxis and azathioprine increases the risk for severe myelosuppression due to drug-drug interactions.
    Case summary: A 57-year-old male with a history of heart transplant 6 years prior presented with a month of severe fatigue and shortness of breath. His admission laboratory values were notable for severe pancytopenia. Medical workup revealed no haematologic malignancy, viral infection, or other consumptive process. After extensive review, it was discovered that the patient was taking excessive allopurinol for gout. His haematologic abnormalities resolved following discontinuation of allopurinol and treatment with filgrastim and romiplostim and was able to be discharged from the hospital.
    Discussion: Azathioprine and allopurinol can potentially cause profound cytopenias due to the increased production of the active metabolites of azathioprine. Given the association between gout and solid organ transplantation, recognition of the risks of medication interaction as well as communication amongst health care providers and between providers and their patients is paramount.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2514-2119
    ISSN (online) 2514-2119
    DOI 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa326
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  9. Article ; Online: Brain transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression differences associated with dispersal behaviour between range-front and range-core populations of invasive cane toads in Australia.

    Yagound, Boris / West, Andrea J / Richardson, Mark F / Selechnik, Daniel / Shine, Richard / Rollins, Lee A

    Molecular ecology

    2022  Volume 31, Issue 6, Page(s) 1700–1715

    Abstract: Understanding the mechanisms allowing invasive species to adapt to novel environments is a challenge in invasion biology. Many invaders demonstrate rapid evolution of behavioural traits involved in range expansion such as locomotor activity, exploration ... ...

    Abstract Understanding the mechanisms allowing invasive species to adapt to novel environments is a challenge in invasion biology. Many invaders demonstrate rapid evolution of behavioural traits involved in range expansion such as locomotor activity, exploration and risk-taking. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin these changes are poorly understood. In 86 years, invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) in Australia have drastically expanded their geographic range westward from coastal Queensland to Western Australia. During their range expansion, toads have undergone extensive phenotypic changes, particularly in behaviours that enhance the toads' dispersal ability. Common-garden experiments have shown that some changes in behavioural traits related to dispersal are heritable. At the molecular level, it is currently unknown whether these changes in dispersal-related behaviour are underlain by small or large differences in gene expression, nor is known the biological function of genes showing differential expression. Here, we used RNA-seq to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying dispersal-related behavioural changes. We compared the brain transcriptomes of toads from the Hawai'ian source population, as well as three distinct populations from across the Australian invasive range. We found markedly different gene expression profiles between the source population and Australian toads. By contrast, toads from across the Australian invasive range had very similar transcriptomic profiles. Yet, key genes with functions putatively related to dispersal behaviour showed differential expression between populations located at each end of the invasive range. These genes could play an important role in the behavioural changes characteristic of range expansion in Australian cane toads.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Australia ; Brain ; Bufo marinus/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Introduced Species
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1126687-9
    ISSN 1365-294X ; 0962-1083
    ISSN (online) 1365-294X
    ISSN 0962-1083
    DOI 10.1111/mec.16347
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

  10. Article ; Online: Admission practices following pediatric tonsillectomy: A survey of ASPO members.

    Rollins, Jay T / Wajsberg, Benjamin / Bitners, Anna C / Burton, William B / Hametz, Patricia A / Chambers, Terry-Ann / Yang, Christina J

    International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology

    2022  Volume 162, Page(s) 111286

    Abstract: Objectives: Although evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) have specified postoperative admission criteria for pediatric tonsillectomy, there is substantial variation in guideline implementation and adherence among otolaryngologists in ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Although evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) have specified postoperative admission criteria for pediatric tonsillectomy, there is substantial variation in guideline implementation and adherence among otolaryngologists in practice. We aimed to assess pediatric otolaryngologists' post-tonsillectomy admission practices and to examine patient and surgeon factors associated with differences in admission practices.
    Methods: An electronic cross-sectional survey was distributed to members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO) to determine current practices regarding admission practices following pediatric tonsillectomy. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed to compare differences in adherence to tonsillectomy CPGs by respondent characteristics.
    Results: The survey was sent to 644 pediatric otolaryngologists with a response rate of 19.1%. 37% of respondents reported "always" and 60% "often" using the Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) CPG to guide decision for admission. Years in practice was the factor most strongly associated with admission practices, with 10 or fewer years in practice significantly correlated with stricter adherence to the AAO-HNS CPG of overnight observation when Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) ≥10, age <3 years, or O2 nadir <80%) (OR 4.2, p <0.001), as well as specific individual criteria such as an AHI ≥10 (OR 4.1, p = 0.03). Respondents in an academic practice setting were more likely to admit children <3 years of age than those in private practice (OR 5.0, p = 0.01).
    Conclusion: Admission practices varied among pediatric otolaryngologist survey respondents, and strict AAO-HNS CPG adherence was associated with fewer years in practice and academic practice setting. These results suggest that further study investigating factors influencing guideline adherence and post-tonsillectomy admission practices is warranted.
    MeSH term(s) Adenoidectomy/methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Otolaryngologists ; Otolaryngology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tonsillectomy/methods ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-19
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 754501-0
    ISSN 1872-8464 ; 0165-5876
    ISSN (online) 1872-8464
    ISSN 0165-5876
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111286
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    More links

    Kategorien

To top