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  1. Article ; Online: Chest CT and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A More Complete Review.

    Fraiman, Joseph B

    AJR. American journal of roentgenology

    2020  Volume 215, Issue 3, Page(s) W35

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 82076-3
    ISSN 1546-3141 ; 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    ISSN (online) 1546-3141
    ISSN 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
    DOI 10.2214/AJR.20.23428
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Ending the Pandemic: Are Rapid COVID-19 Tests a Step Forward or Back?

    Zitek, Tony / Fraiman, Joseph B

    The western journal of emergency medicine

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) 543–546

    Abstract: Some experts have promoted the use of rapid testing for COVID-19. However, with the current technologies available, continuing to replace laboratory-based, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests with rapid (point-of-care) tests ... ...

    Abstract Some experts have promoted the use of rapid testing for COVID-19. However, with the current technologies available, continuing to replace laboratory-based, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests with rapid (point-of-care) tests may lead to an increased number of false negative tests. Moreover, the more rapid dissemination of false negative results that can occur with the use of rapid tests for COVID-19 may lead to increased spread of the novel coronavirus if patients do not understand the concept of false negative tests. One means of combatting this would be to tell patients who have a "negative" rapid COVID-19 test that their test result was "indeterminate."
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19 Testing/standards ; False Negative Reactions ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Point-of-Care Testing/standards ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2375700-0
    ISSN 1936-9018 ; 1936-9018
    ISSN (online) 1936-9018
    ISSN 1936-9018
    DOI 10.5811/westjem.2021.2.50550
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Ending the Pandemic

    Tony Zitek / Joseph B. Fraiman

    Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol 22, Iss

    Are Rapid COVID-19 Tests a Step Forward or Back?

    2021  Volume 3

    Abstract: Some experts have promoted the use of rapid testing for COVID-19. However, with the current technologies available, continuing to replace laboratory-based, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests with rapid (point-of-care) tests ... ...

    Abstract Some experts have promoted the use of rapid testing for COVID-19. However, with the current technologies available, continuing to replace laboratory-based, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests with rapid (point-of-care) tests may lead to an increased number of false negative tests. Moreover, the more rapid dissemination of false negative results that can occur with the use of rapid tests for COVID-19 may lead to increased spread of the novel coronavirus if patients do not understand the concept of false negative tests. One means of combatting this would be to tell patients who have a “negative” rapid COVID-19 test that their test result was “indeterminate.”
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ; RC86-88.9
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher eScholarship Publishing, University of California
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Cardiovascular effects of electronic cigarettes.

    Benowitz, Neal L / Fraiman, Joseph B

    Nature reviews. Cardiology

    2017  Volume 14, Issue 8, Page(s) 447–456

    Abstract: Cardiovascular safety is an important consideration in the debate on the benefits versus the risks of electronic cigarette (EC) use. EC emissions that might have adverse effects on cardiovascular health include nicotine, oxidants, aldehydes, particulates, ...

    Abstract Cardiovascular safety is an important consideration in the debate on the benefits versus the risks of electronic cigarette (EC) use. EC emissions that might have adverse effects on cardiovascular health include nicotine, oxidants, aldehydes, particulates, and flavourants. To date, most of the cardiovascular effects of ECs demonstrated in humans are consistent with the known effects of nicotine. Pharmacological and toxicological studies support the biological plausibility that nicotine contributes to acute cardiovascular events and accelerated atherogenesis. However, epidemiological studies assessing Swedish smokeless tobacco, which exposes users to nicotine without combustion products, generally have not found an increased risk of myocardial infarction or stroke among users, but suggest that nicotine might contribute to acute cardiovascular events, especially in those with underlying coronary heart disease. The effects of aldehydes, particulates, and flavourants derived from ECs on cardiovascular health have not been determined. Although ECs might pose some cardiovascular risk to users, particularly those with existing cardiovascular disease, the risk is thought to be less than that of cigarette smoking based on qualitative and quantitative comparisons of EC aerosol versus cigarette smoke constituents. The adoption of ECs rather than cigarette smoking might, therefore, result in an overall benefit for public health.
    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cardiovascular System/drug effects ; Consumer Product Safety ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Nicotine/adverse effects ; Nicotine/pharmacology ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Tobacco Smoking/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2490375-9
    ISSN 1759-5010 ; 1759-5002
    ISSN (online) 1759-5010
    ISSN 1759-5002
    DOI 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.36
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Repeated MDMA ("Ecstasy") exposure in adolescent male rats alters temperature regulation, spontaneous motor activity, attention, and serotonin transporter binding.

    Piper, Brian J / Fraiman, Joseph B / Meyer, Jerrold S

    Developmental psychobiology

    2005  Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 145–157

    Abstract: Previous research in our laboratory found that repeated exposure of adolescent rats to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) impaired working memory and reduced anxiety. The present experiment extended these findings by investigating the physiological, ...

    Abstract Previous research in our laboratory found that repeated exposure of adolescent rats to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) impaired working memory and reduced anxiety. The present experiment extended these findings by investigating the physiological, behavioral, and neurotoxic effects of a modified MDMA treatment regimen. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received 5 mg/kg of MDMA hourly for a period of 4 hr on every fifth day from postnatal day 35-60. Acute effects of the MDMA treatment included hypothermia, serotonin syndrome behavior, and ejaculation. Body weight gain was attenuated by repeated drug administration. The animals completed anxiety and working memory tests beginning 4 days after the final MDMA dose. MDMA altered habituation to the open-field, increased locomotor activity in the elevated plus-maze, decreased attention in the novel object-recognition test, and reduced serotonin transporter binding in the neocortex. These results indicate that repeated exposure to a relatively moderate MDMA dose during adolescence produces later changes in behavior and neurochemistry.
    MeSH term(s) Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Attention/drug effects ; Body Temperature/drug effects ; Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ejaculation/drug effects ; Male ; Maze Learning/drug effects ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/administration & dosage ; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/toxicity ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin Agents/administration & dosage ; Serotonin Agents/toxicity ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/drug effects ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Serotonin Agents ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (KE1SEN21RM)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 4107-5
    ISSN 1098-2302 ; 0012-1630
    ISSN (online) 1098-2302
    ISSN 0012-1630
    DOI 10.1002/dev.20085
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.B 1102: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article: Dissociation of the neurochemical and behavioral toxicology of MDMA ('Ecstasy') by citalopram.

    Piper, Brian J / Fraiman, Joseph B / Owens, Cullen B / Ali, Syed F / Meyer, Jerrold S

    Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology

    2008  Volume 33, Issue 5, Page(s) 1192–1205

    Abstract: High or repeated doses of the recreational drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or 'Ecstasy') produce long-lasting deficits in several markers of serotonin (5-HT) system integrity and also alter behavioral function. However, it is not yet clear ... ...

    Abstract High or repeated doses of the recreational drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or 'Ecstasy') produce long-lasting deficits in several markers of serotonin (5-HT) system integrity and also alter behavioral function. However, it is not yet clear whether MDMA-induced serotonergic neurotoxicity is responsible for these behavioral changes or whether other mechanisms are involved. The present experiment tested the hypothesis that blocking serotonergic neurotoxicity by pretreatment with the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor citalopram will also prevent the behavioral and physiological consequences of an MDMA binge administration. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats (N=67) received MDMA (4 x 10 mg/kg) with or without citalopram (10 mg/kg) pretreatment. Core temperature, ejaculatory response, and body weight were monitored during and immediately following drug treatments. A battery of tests assessing motor, cognitive, exploratory, anxiety, and social behaviors was completed during a 10-week period following MDMA administration. Brain tissue was collected at 1 and 10 weeks after drug treatments for measurement of regional 5-HT transporter binding and (for the 1-week samples) 5-HT and 5-HIAA concentrations. Citalopram pretreatment blocked MDMA-related reductions in aggressive and exploratory behavior measured in the social interaction and hole-board tests respectively. Such pretreatment also had the expected protective effect against MDMA-induced 5-HT neurotoxicity at 1 week following the binge. In contrast, citalopram did not prevent most of the acute effects of MDMA (eg hyperthermia and weight loss), nor did it block the decreased motor activity seen in the binge-treated animals 1 day after dosing. These results suggest that some of the behavioral and physiological consequences of a high-dose MDMA regimen in rats are mediated by mechanisms other than the drug's effects on the serotonergic system. Elucidation of these mechanisms requires further study of the influence of MDMA on other neurotransmitter systems.
    MeSH term(s) Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Body Temperature/drug effects ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Brain Chemistry/drug effects ; Citalopram/therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ejaculation/drug effects ; Exploratory Behavior/drug effects ; Hallucinogens/toxicity ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Maze Learning/drug effects ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/toxicity ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/drug therapy ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/metabolism ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recognition (Psychology)/drug effects ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Hallucinogens ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; Citalopram (0DHU5B8D6V) ; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (KE1SEN21RM)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639471-1
    ISSN 1740-634X ; 0893-133X
    ISSN (online) 1740-634X
    ISSN 0893-133X
    DOI 10.1038/sj.npp.1301491
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 2379: Show issues Location:
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