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Article: Tunneled dialysis catheter utilization and patency: A retrospectiveprospective study from a tertiary care hospital in Karachi Pakistan.

Tahir, Misbah / Ali, Muhammad / Siddiqui, Danial Khalid / Durrani, Noureen / Iqbal, Jawaid / Mustafa, Khalid

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

2024 Volume 74, Issue 1, Page(s) 48–52

Abstract: Objectives: To assess the patency of tunnel dialysis catheters and their results in patients in a tertiary care setting.: Methods: The retrospective-prospective, observational study was conducted at the Department of Interventional Radiology, Liaquat ...

Abstract	Objectives: To assess the patency of tunnel dialysis catheters and their results in patients in a tertiary care setting. Methods: The retrospective-prospective, observational study was conducted at the Department of Interventional Radiology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, from September 2021 to February 2022, and comprised records of patients who underwent tunnel dialysis catheters placement from July 2019 to December 2020. Data regarding age, gender, residence, comorbidity, catheter placement site, use of antibiotics before catheter insertion, reasons for catheter removal, and total catheter days was retrieved from the medical record. Data was analysed using STATA 14. Results: Of the 134 patients, 74(56.9%) were males and 56(43.1) were females. The overall median age was 65 years (interquartile range: 56.75-70.25 years). Catheters were electively removed in 97(72.4%) patients, while in 19(14.2%), 16(11.9%) and 2(1.5%) cases, catheters were removed due to infections, blockage and physical damage, respectively. Mortality due to catheter-related complications was not found. Incidence per 10,000 catheter days of overall infection, bacteraemia and other infections during one year was 8.4, 5.3 and 3.1, respectively. Overall infection-free survival rate was seen for 19 patients (survival rate=67.6%). Survival rate from catheter removal was seen in 36 patients (survival rate=53.2%). Conclusions: When all precautions were followed to circumvent catheter-related issues, tunnel dialysis catheters were found to be a viable option for haemodialysis until permanent access for dialysis is gained or a kidney transplant is performed.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects ; Catheterization, Central Venous/methods ; Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects ; Central Venous Catheters/adverse effects ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Renal Dialysis/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Treatment Outcome ; Middle Aged
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-13
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603873-6
ISSN	0030-9982
ISSN	0030-9982
DOI	10.47391/JPMA.8006
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Article: Barriers and Enablers to Joining the National Organ Donation Registry Among Patient Population at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Peshawar, Pakistan.

Samin, Yusra / Durrani, Talha / Yousaf, Aima / Majid, Manahil / Misbah, Dawood / Zahoor, Maimoona / Khan, Muhammad Adeel

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) e37997

Abstract: Background Organ transplantation is a life-saving therapy for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, the demand for organs far exceeds their availability, leading to longer waiting times and increased mortality rates. Pakistan faces a similar ... ...

Abstract	Background Organ transplantation is a life-saving therapy for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, the demand for organs far exceeds their availability, leading to longer waiting times and increased mortality rates. Pakistan faces a similar situation, with a shortage of organ donors and several barriers to therapeutic organ donation, including cultural, religious, and political ones. Objective The objective of this study was to understand the barriers and enablers to joining the national organ donation registry among patient populations at a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan. The findings can then guide targeted educational campaigns to improve the state of therapeutic organ transplants in the country. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Outpatient Departments of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, targeting all patients and visitors aged 18 to 60 who presented to the outpatient departments of the hospital. A modified and validated questionnaire was used to collect data, which were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: The study analyzed the attitudes of 342 individuals, among which 82.18% had not heard about Pakistan's Organ Donation Registry, 58.09% agreed with organ donation, and 23.68% suggested they would like to join the registry someday. Religious beliefs and the lack of knowledge about the laws related to organ donation stood out as statistically significant barriers to joining the national organ donation registry of Pakistan (p<0.05). The study also found that the willingness to donate was significantly higher among those who themselves encouraged organ donation and were willing to do so if the country's system were to support it (p<0.05). Conclusion The majority of participants had not heard of the organ donation registry, and a lack of knowledge about the legal framework and religious beliefs were significant barriers to joining the registry. This is hindering the growth of therapeutic organ transplantation in Pakistan. In addition, the willingness to donate was higher among those who supported organ donation and believed in its benefits. Increasing awareness and promoting a culture of organ donation in Pakistan can help address the shortage of organ donors and improve the state of therapeutic organ transplantation in the country.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.37997
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Article ; Online: Tunneled dialysis catheter utilization and patency

Misbah Tahir / Muhammad Ali / Danial Khalid Siddiqui / Noureen Durrani / Jawaid Iqbal / Khalid Mustafa

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, Vol 74, Iss

a retrospective-prospective study from a tertiary care hospital in Karachi Pakistan

2023 Volume 1

Abstract: Objective: To assess the patency of tunnel dialysis catheters and their results in patients in a tertiary care setting. Method: The retrospective-prospective, observational study was conducted at the Department of Interventional Radiology, Liaquat ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To assess the patency of tunnel dialysis catheters and their results in patients in a tertiary care setting. Method: The retrospective-prospective, observational study was conducted at the Department of Interventional Radiology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, from September 2021 to February 2022, and comprised records of patients who underwent tunnel dialysis catheters placement from July 2019 to December 2020. Data regarding age, gender, residence, comorbidity, catheter placement site, use of antibiotics before catheter insertion, reasons for catheter removal, and total catheter days was retrieved from the medical record. Data was analysed using STATA 14. Results: Of the 134 patients, 74(56.9%) were males and 56(43.1) were females. The overall median age was 65 years (interquartile range: 56.75-70.25 years). Catheters were electively removed in 97(72.4%) patients, while in 19(14.2%), 16(11.9%) and 2(1.5%) cases, catheters were removed due to infections, blockage and physical damage, respectively. Mortality due to catheter-related complications was not found. Incidence per 10,000 catheter days of overall infection, bacteraemia and other infections during one year was 8.4, 5.3 and 3.1, respectively. Overall infection-free survival rate was seen for 19 patients (survival rate=67.6%). Survival rate from catheter removal was seen in 36 patients (survival rate=53.2%). Conclusion: When all precautions were followed to circumvent catheter-related issues, tunnel dialysis catheters were found to be a viable option for haemodialysis until permanent access for dialysis is gained or a kidney transplant is performed. Key Words: Tunnel dialysis catheter, End-stage kidney disease, Chronic kidney disease, Interventional radiology.
Keywords	Tunnel dialysis catheter ; End-stage kidney disease ; Chronic kidney disease ; Interventional radiology ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616 ; 610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Pakistan Medical Association
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Diagnostic Accuracy of Strain Ultrasound Elastography in Thyroid Lesions Compared to Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology.

Saleem, Aniqua / Kalsoom, Umme / Yasin, Sundas / Durrani, Misbah / Akram, Saba / Mushtaq, Riffat

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 7, Page(s) e27185

Abstract: Introduction Strain ultrasound-guided elastography (USE) could be used to differentiate malignant from benign thyroid lesions if its sensitivity and specificity are significantly high. Data on whether to rely on USE in differentiating thyroid nodules are ...

Abstract	Introduction Strain ultrasound-guided elastography (USE) could be used to differentiate malignant from benign thyroid lesions if its sensitivity and specificity are significantly high. Data on whether to rely on USE in differentiating thyroid nodules are unavailable, and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) remains the gold standard. However, FNAC carries a significant financial burden on hospitals and psychological stress on patients. Therefore, we conducted this study to determine the diagnostic accuracy of strain USE in thyroid lesions. Methodology We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study at the Radiology Department, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, from December 6, 2020, to June 5, 2021. The study included adult patients aged between 20 to 70 years who were referred with thyroid nodules or lesions found clinically or on routine neck ultrasound. The study excluded patients who had previous history of surgery or previously diagnosed with malignant thyroid lesions and recurrent thyroid nodules. Strain USE was performed on thyroid nodules, and the degree of strain was color-coded on a scale from red (soft, greatest elasticity) to green (intermediate, average strain) to blue (hard, no elasticity/strain). Lesions were given an elasticity score on a five-point scale. The lesion was given a score of one if the entire lesion was uniformly shaded in green. A lesion with mosaic pattern of green and blue was scored as two. A score of three denoted a lesion with green periphery and blue center on strain elastography. A score of four indicated uniform blue in the entire lesion, with green in the lesion's periphery. The highest score of five was given if the lesion and its surroundings demonstrated blue color. Ultrasound-guided FNAC of the thyroid nodules was performed following USE. Data was analyzed using IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Mean ± standard deviation for calculating quantitative variables. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of strain USE was calculated taking FNAC as gold standard. We also conducted a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of strain USE in thyroid lesions. Results The study included 207 adult patients (117 women, 56.52%; 90 men, 43.48%). The study population's mean age was 50.0 ± 11.8 years (range, 20 to 70 years). Most patients (56.52%) were aged 46 to 70 years. FNAC confirmed malignant thyroid nodules in 100 cases (true positive), and nine cases (false positive) had no malignant lesions on FNAC. In USE-negative patients, 91 were true negative, while seven were false negative. Strain USE's overall sensitivity was 93.46%, specificity was 91.0%, PPV was 91.74%, NPV was 92.86%, and diagnostic accuracy was 92.27% compared to the gold standard FNAC. Conclusions Strain USE in thyroid lesions is a noninvasive modality of choice with high diagnostic accuracy and has dramatically improved our ability to diagnose malignant thyroid nodules preoperatively. Strain USE also helps the surgeons in proper decision-making. Strain USE should be used routinely in all patients with thyroid lesions to help diagnose malignant thyroid nodules preoperatively and inform proper surgical and treatment plans.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.27185
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Article: Chest X-rays findings in COVID 19 patients at a University Teaching Hospital - A descriptive study.

Durrani, Misbah / Haq, Inam Ul / Kalsoom, Ume / Yousaf, Anum

Pakistan journal of medical sciences

2020 Volume 36, Issue COVID19-S4, Page(s) S22–S26

Abstract: Objective: To analyze Chest X-ray findings in COVID 19 positive patients, presented at corona filtration center, Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi, based on CXR classification of British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI).: Methods: In this study, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To analyze Chest X-ray findings in COVID 19 positive patients, presented at corona filtration center, Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi, based on CXR classification of British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI). Methods: In this study, all RT-PCR COVID-19 positive patients screened at corona filtration center, Benazir Bhutto hospital Rawalpindi from 20 Results: Mean age of the patients was 44 years. Presenting complaints were cough 20 (67%), fever 18 (60%), shortness of breath 11 (37%), sore throat six (20%), loss of sense of taste and smell four(13%). Main co-morbid was hypertension six (20%). Two (7%) patients had normal and seven (23%) had classical COVID CXRs. 21 (70%) patients were in indeterminate group with only one (3%) having unilateral lung disease. Three (10%) patients had diffuse lung involvement and 18(60%) had peripheral lung involvement. Majority of patients 19 (63%), had bilateral middle and lower zonal involvement. Conclusions: In this study, COVID-19 CXRs generally manifested a spectrum of pure ground glass, mixed ground glass opacities to consolidation in bilateral peripheral middle and lower lung zones. BSTI CXR reporting classification of COVID-19 is valid in our patients with addition of middle zonal involvement in classical COVID-19 criteria as opposed to just lower zone involvement.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-04
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2032827-8
ISSN	1681-715X ; 1682-024X ; 1017-4699
ISSN (online)	1681-715X
ISSN	1682-024X ; 1017-4699
DOI	10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2778
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Article: Comparison of Chest X-rays findings in COVID-19 suspected and confirmed cases at a university teaching hospital: A retrospective comparative study.

Durrani, Misbah / Shahid, Afshan / Kalsoom, Ume / Inam-Ul-Haq / Yousaf, Anum / Naveed, Saqib

Pakistan journal of medical sciences

2021 Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) 76–83

Abstract: Objectives: To compare Chest X-rays findings in COVID -19 suspected and confirmed patients on RT-PCR, presented at corona filtration center, Benazir Bhutto hospital Rawalpindi.: Methods: In this study, Chest radiographs of 100 COVID-19 RT-PCR ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To compare Chest X-rays findings in COVID -19 suspected and confirmed patients on RT-PCR, presented at corona filtration center, Benazir Bhutto hospital Rawalpindi. Methods: In this study, Chest radiographs of 100 COVID-19 RT-PCR positive confirmed patients were compared with 100 RT-PCR negative suspected COVID-19 patients screened at corona filtration center, Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi from November 2020 to December 2020. Data on demographics, presenting complaints, co-morbid, lesion characteristic, distribution and attenuation, lobar involvement, pleural effusion and lymphadenopathy were collected. Associations between imaging characteristics and COVID-19 pneumonia were analyzed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression modals. Results: Chest X-rays findings revealed bilateral lung consolidation with peripheral and diffuse distribution, involving middle and lower lobe to be statistically significant (p<0.05) between RT-PCR positives and negative patients. Peripheral distribution was associated with an 11.08-fold risk in COVID-19 positive patients than diffuse distribution. Middle lobe involvement had four folds risk and lower lobe involvement had 11.04 folds risk in COVID-19 cases as compared to upper lobe involvement. Consolidation had 2.6 folds risk in COVID-19 positive cases. Conclusions: Bilateral, peripheral distribution of middle and lower lobes ground glass haze or consolidation with no pleural effusion is significantly related to COVID-19 pneumonia. Overlapping imaging features of the infectious and non-infectious COVID mimickers can be further excluded by detailed clinical evaluation and further radiological workup.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-11
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2032827-8
ISSN	1681-715X ; 1682-024X ; 1017-4699
ISSN (online)	1681-715X
ISSN	1682-024X ; 1017-4699
DOI	10.12669/pjms.38.1.4624
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Article ; Online: Role of HRCT for Rapid Triage of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia

Hina Hafeez Abbasi / Misbah Durrani / Umme Kalsoom / Anum Zahoor / Fizza Batool / Shawana Sharif

Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College, Vol 25, Iss

2021 Volume 1

Abstract: Background: To assess the diagnostic performances of HRCT for COVID 19 pneumonia for efficient triage of patients, in comparison with RT-PCR reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test. Method: It is retrospective comparative study conducted in ... ...

Abstract	Background: To assess the diagnostic performances of HRCT for COVID 19 pneumonia for efficient triage of patients, in comparison with RT-PCR reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test. Method: It is retrospective comparative study conducted in Benazir Bhutto hospital affiliated with Rawalpindi medical university from March 25th to April 25th, 2021. HRCT of 500 patients were selected from central computer server and their RT-PCR results were also obtained from the HMS system of the hospital. HRCT were reported as “Definitely COVID positive”, “Possible COVID positive” or “COVID negative” by experienced radiologists. Sensitivity, Specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated using the final RT-PCR test as standard of reference. Results: RT-PCR test of 207 patients was positive, whereas 293 were reported negative. HRCT was reported as “Definitely COVID positive” in 222 cases (44.4 %), “Possible COVID positive” in 24 cases (4.8%) and “COVID negative” in 254 cases (50.8%). Comparing only Definitely COVID positive category with RT-PCR results sensitivity, specificity. PPV and NPV were 90.3%, 88%,84.2% and 92.8% Conclusion: CT chest is the most reliable, sensitive and rapid tool for triaging of patients as COVID positive or negative in busy emergency departments as compared to RT-PCR which is time consuming and has limitations such as faulty sampling technique, limited kits and variable sensitivity
Keywords	Coronavirus ; High resolution Computed Tomography ; RT-PCR ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Positive predictive value ; negative predictive value ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Rawalpindi Medical University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comparison of Teaching by Conventional Method and by using Cognitive Theory of Multimedia to Post Graduate FCPS Radiology Students

Misbah Durrani / Usman Mahboob / Zainab Inam / Inam ul Haq / Shamaila Manzoor / Khushbakht Aliya

Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College, Vol 25, Iss

2021 Volume 2

Abstract: Abstract: Objective: Objectives of this study was to teach postgraduate radiology resident physics by both conventional method and by using cognitive theory of multimedia, comparing the results and to see if there was any improvement in their learning ... ...

Abstract	Abstract: Objective: Objectives of this study was to teach postgraduate radiology resident physics by both conventional method and by using cognitive theory of multimedia, comparing the results and to see if there was any improvement in their learning and performance. Study Design: Comparative Experimental study Setting and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at B.B.H. and Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi from Oct to Dec 2019. Methods: Two groups of PG FCPS students of first year and second year comprising of 10 students each were formed. Two groups had similar attributes. First of all Pretest is taken. Group one was taught through didactic lecture and post test was taken. Second group was taught by the use of cognitive theory of multimedia and post test was taken. Cross over was done. Pretest was taken as before. Group one was now taught by the use of cognitive theory of multimedia and post test was taken and group two was taught through didactic lecture and post test was again taken. Results of both groups were compared. Results: Statistically these two groups were similar. At the end of first round mean pretest score in conventionally taught group I was 4.1 and mean post test score was 8.8. In group II taught by cognitive theory of multimedia the mean pretest score was 4.2 and mean post test score was 13.3. After cross over in group II taught conventionally the mean test score was 4.0 and post test score were 8.9. In group I now taught by cognitive theory of multimedia teaching group mean pretest score was 4.1 and mean post test score was 13.6. Conclusion: Postgraduate, first and second year Diagnostic Radiology residents performed better in assessment once they were taught Physics by use of cognitive theory of multimedia as compared when taught by conventional method of teaching. Keywords: Didactic lecture, cognitive theory of multimedia, post graduate residents.
Keywords	Didactic lecture ; cognitive theory of multimedia ; post graduate residents ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Rawalpindi Medical University
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Chest X-ray findings in COVID-19

Nasir Khan / Muhammad Umar / Maria Khaliq / Hina Hanif / Misbah Durrani / Riffat Raja

Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College, Vol 24, Iss Supp-

A Pictorial Review

2020 Volume 1

Abstract: Introduction: Chest X-ray and Computed tomography(CT) of chest play an important role in the diagnosis and management of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). As chest CT may not be readily available in most clinical setups X-ray Chest plays a pivotal role ...

Abstract	Introduction: Chest X-ray and Computed tomography(CT) of chest play an important role in the diagnosis and management of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). As chest CT may not be readily available in most clinical setups X-ray Chest plays a pivotal role in such clinical scenarios and an irreplaceable initial radiological investigation of these patients. Objective: The objective of this article is to identify and elaborate the commonest appearances and patterns of lung changes on Chest X rays in COVID-19 positive patients confirmed on RT-PCR COVID testing. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study of Chest X-ray findings of 294 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted across 3 hospitals (Rawalpindi institute of urology (RIU), Benazir Bhutto Hospital (BBH) and Holy Family Hospital (HFH)) from March 30th, 2020 till April 30th, 2020. CXR was analyzed for consolidation patches, ground-glass opacification (GGO), multi-lobe involvement, bilateral distribution, and pleural fluid. The chest X-ray with positive findings was graded into mild, moderate, and severe grades using BSTI (British Society of Thoracic imaging) guidelines. Results: Mean age of study patients was 45.5 years. Among the study population 230 (78.2 %) were male and 64 (21.8%) female. On baseline chest X rays, consolidations were the commonest finding (n=84, 28.5%), followed by ground-glass opacity (n=17, 5.7 %). The more common locations were peripheral and lower zones, and the majority had bilateral lung involvement (Table 1). Pleural effusions were found in only 5 of the study patients. Among these patients, 187 (63.6%) had an initial normal chest X-ray. Moreover, 35, 34, and 38patients had mild, moderate, and severe diseases respectively. Conclusion: Chest X-ray is an important initial radiological investigation for COVID 19 patients and plays an important role in the management during the course of the disease.
Keywords	Chest X ray ; COVID-19 ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Rawalpindi Medical University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Chest x-rays findings in covid 19 patients at a university teaching hospital-a descriptive study

Durrani, Misbah / Haq, Inam Ul / Kalsoom, Ume / Yousaf, Anum

Pak. J. Med. Sci.

Abstract	Objective: To analyze Chest X-ray findings in COVID 19 positive patients, presented at corona filtration center, Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi, based on CXR classification of British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI). Methods: In this study, all RT-PCR COVID-19 positive patients screened at corona filtration center, Benazir Bhutto hospital Rawalpindi from 20thMarch 2020 to 10thApril 2020 were included. Mean age of the cohort with age range was calculated. Presenting complaints & Co-morbid were analyzed and tabulated in frequencies and percentages. Portable CXR findings were classified according to BSTI classification and documented in frequencies and percentages. Results: Mean age of the patients was 44 years. Presenting complaints were cough 20 (67%), fever 18 (60%), shortness of breath 11 (37%), sore throat six (20%), loss of sense of taste and smell four(13%). Main co-morbid was hypertension six (20%). Two (7%) patients had normal and seven (23%) had classical COVID CXRs. 21 (70%) patients were in indeterminate group with only one (3%) having unilateral lung disease. Three (10%) patients had diffuse lung involvement and 18(60%) had peripheral lung involvement. Majority of patients 19 (63%), had bilateral middle and lower zonal involvement. Conclusions: In this study, COVID-19 CXRs generally manifested a spectrum of pure ground glass, mixed ground glass opacities to consolidation in bilateral peripheral middle and lower lung zones. BSTI CXR reporting classification of COVID-19 is valid in our patients with addition of middle zonal involvement in classical COVID-19 criteria as opposed to just lower zone involvement.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #616744
Database	COVID19

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