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Article ; Online: Child Abuse and the Eye in an African Population.

Isawumi, Michaeline A / Adebayo, Modupe

2017 Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 143–150

Abstract: Purpose: There is a paucity of data on child abuse and the eye in West Africa. Therefore, a need exists to determine the causes and circumstances surrounding these occurrences and their effects on the eye and vision in a pediatric population.: Methods! ...

Abstract	Purpose: There is a paucity of data on child abuse and the eye in West Africa. Therefore, a need exists to determine the causes and circumstances surrounding these occurrences and their effects on the eye and vision in a pediatric population. Methods: A 3-year study of consecutive cases of ocular features that presented to an eye clinic following a history suggestive of child abuse along with any associated eye injury was carried out. Socio-demographic characteristics were obtained, as were the presenting and posttreatment visual acuity, and a full clinical eye examination was also done. Results: Fifty-six children with 56 affected eyes were examined. The male to female ratio was 1.8 : 1; the mean age was 8.25 ± 3.5 years; and the subjects were predominately primary school children 30 (53.6%). The most common ocular disorders were conjunctiva hyperemia (46.4%), corneal abrasion/ulcer (25.4%), hyphema/uveitis (42.9%), retinal detachment (7.1%), sclera rupture (7.1%), and globe perforation (21.4%). The intraocular pressure was raised in 17.9% of participants. Presenting versus posttreatment visual acuities showed normal vision in four (7.1%) vs. eighteen (32.1%), visual impairment in 12 (21.4%) vs. six (10.7%), severe visual impairment in 20 (35.7%) vs. 12 (21.4%), and blindness in 12 (21.4%) vs. 14 (25%), Conclusions: Injuries commonly resulted from canes and sticks used during beatings, as well as from child labor, corporal punishment, accidents, and assaults. Legislation and laws need to be enacted to prevent negative psychosocial and economic impacts on the child, family and country as a whole.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Child, Preschool ; Eye Injuries/epidemiology ; Eye Injuries/etiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639346-9
ISSN	2092-9382 ; 1011-8942
ISSN (online)	2092-9382
ISSN	1011-8942
DOI	10.3341/kjo.2017.31.2.143
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Article ; Online: Paediatric Refractive Errors in an Eye Clinic in Osogbo, Nigeria.

Michaeline, Isawumi / Sheriff, Agboola / Bimbo, Ayegoro

Ethiopian journal of health sciences

2016 Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 145–152

Abstract: Background: Paediatric ophthalmology is an emerging subspecialty in Nigeria and as such there is paucity of data on refractive errors in the country. This study set out to determine the pattern of refractive errors in children attending an eye clinic in ...

Abstract	Background: Paediatric ophthalmology is an emerging subspecialty in Nigeria and as such there is paucity of data on refractive errors in the country. This study set out to determine the pattern of refractive errors in children attending an eye clinic in South West Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive study of 180 consecutive subjects seen over a 2-year period. Presenting complaints, presenting visual acuity (PVA), age and sex were recorded. Clinical examination of the anterior and posterior segments of the eyes, extraocular muscle assessment and refraction were done. The types of refractive errors and their grades were determined. Corrected VA was obtained. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics in proportions, chi square with p value <0.05. Results: The age range of subjects was between 3 and 16 years with mean age = 11.7 and SD = 0.51; with males making up 33.9%.The commonest presenting complaint was blurring of distant vision (40%), presenting visual acuity 6/9 (33.9%), normal vision constituted >75.0%, visual impairment20% and low vision 23.3%. Low grade spherical and cylindrical errors occurred most frequently (35.6% and 59.9% respectively). Regular astigmatism was significantly more common, P <0.001. The commonest diagnosis was simple myopic astigmatism (41.1%). Four cases of strabismus were seen. Conclusion: Simple spherical and cylindrical errors were the commonest types of refractive errors seen. Visual impairment and low vision occurred and could be a cause of absenteeism from school. Low-cost spectacle production or dispensing unit and health education are advocated for the prevention of visual impairment in a hospital set-up.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Refractive Errors/epidemiology ; Vision Disorders/diagnosis ; Vision Disorders/therapy ; Visual Acuity
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05-25
Publishing country	Ethiopia
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2413-7170
ISSN (online)	2413-7170
DOI	10.4314/ejhs.v26i2.8
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Article ; Online: Effects of fasting on intraocular pressure in a black population.

Hassan, Mustapha B / Isawumi, Michaeline A

Middle East African journal of ophthalmology

2014 Volume 21, Issue 4, Page(s) 328–331

Abstract: Introduction: There is a dearth of literature available on the effects of fasting on Intraocular pressure (IOP) among all races and worldwide.: Objectives: To determine the effects of fasting on IOP in a black African population.: Materials and ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: There is a dearth of literature available on the effects of fasting on Intraocular pressure (IOP) among all races and worldwide. Objectives: To determine the effects of fasting on IOP in a black African population. Materials and methods: A population-based survey utilizing multistage random sampling techniques was carried out among healthy adult Muslims who were examined before and during Ramadan fast in Osogbo, Nigeria. Demographics were obtained, visual acuities, clinical examination of both eyes, and IOPs were done. Weights and waist circumference were measured. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS) Version 16. Analysis generated frequencies and cross tabulations, whereas statistical significant values were derived using paired sample t-test and P < 0.05. Results: A total of 60 subjects with 120 eyes were examined. Mean age was 42.3 years standard deviation (SD) 16.7, and the male to female ratio was 3:2. Majority were professionals (33.3%). Only 18.3% had less than secondary school education. Over 90% had normal vision (6/5-6/18). Before and during fasting, the mean weights were 65.92 kg SD 12.98 and 65.29 kg SD 12.41 with a reduction of 0.63 kg SD 3.82 (P = 0.214, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.372-1.626); and the mean waist circumference was 87.20 cm SD 12.39 and 81.78 cm SD 11.65 (P = 0.000, 95% CI 4.128-6.720), respectively. Mean IOPs were 15.98 mmHg SD 3.11 and 14.08 mmHg SD 2.71 before and during fasting, respectively (P = 0.000, 95% CI 0.98558-2.82798). Conclusions: The study shows that fasting significantly reduced IOP in an ocularly healthy black African population.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; African Continental Ancestry Group ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Constitution ; Fasting/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure/physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nigeria ; Tonometry, Ocular
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-10
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2545467-5
ISSN	0975-1599 ; 0974-9233
ISSN (online)	0975-1599
ISSN	0974-9233
DOI	10.4103/0974-9233.142271
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Article ; Online: Effects of fasting on intraocular pressure in a black population

Mustapha B Hassan / Michaeline A Isawumi

Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol 21, Iss 4, Pp 328-

2014 Volume 331

Abstract: Introduction: There is a dearth of literature available on the effects of fasting on Intraocular pressure (IOP) among all races and worldwide. Objectives : To determine the effects of fasting on IOP in a black African population. Materials and Methods: A ...

Abstract	Introduction: There is a dearth of literature available on the effects of fasting on Intraocular pressure (IOP) among all races and worldwide. Objectives : To determine the effects of fasting on IOP in a black African population. Materials and Methods: A population-based survey utilizing multistage random sampling techniques was carried out among healthy adult Muslims who were examined before and during Ramadan fast in Osogbo, Nigeria. Demographics were obtained, visual acuities, clinical examination of both eyes, and IOPs were done. Weights and waist circumference were measured. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS) Version 16. Analysis generated frequencies and cross tabulations, whereas statistical significant values were derived using paired sample t-test and P < 0.05. Results: A total of 60 subjects with 120 eyes were examined. Mean age was 42.3 years standard deviation (SD) 16.7, and the male to female ratio was 3:2. Majority were professionals (33.3%). Only 18.3% had less than secondary school education. Over 90% had normal vision (6/5-6/18). Before and during fasting, the mean weights were 65.92 kg SD 12.98 and 65.29 kg SD 12.41 with a reduction of 0.63 kg SD 3.82 (P = 0.214, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.372-1.626); and the mean waist circumference was 87.20 cm SD 12.39 and 81.78 cm SD 11.65 (P = 0.000, 95% CI 4.128-6.720), respectively. Mean IOPs were 15.98 mmHg SD 3.11 and 14.08 mmHg SD 2.71 before and during fasting, respectively (P = 0.000, 95% CI 0.98558-2.82798). Conclusions: The study shows that fasting significantly reduced IOP in an ocularly healthy black African population.
Keywords	Black ; Fasting ; Intraocular Pressure ; Population ; Ophthalmology ; RE1-994 ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Non-surgical management of congenital eversion of the eyelids.

Adeoti, Caroline O / Ashaye, Adeyinka O / Isawumi, Michaeline A / Raji, Ralph A

Journal of ophthalmic & vision research

2012 Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) 188–192

Abstract: Purpose: To report the effectiveness of non-invasive management of congenital eversion of the eyelids, a rare condition associated with serious socio-psychological consequences.: Case report: Three neonates with congenital eversion of the eyelids and ...

Abstract	Purpose: To report the effectiveness of non-invasive management of congenital eversion of the eyelids, a rare condition associated with serious socio-psychological consequences. Case report: Three neonates with congenital eversion of the eyelids and secondary conjunctival chemosis and prolapse were managed with 5% hypertonic normal saline, lubricants, antibiotics, and padding. Complete eye opening was achieved by the 10th day of presentation and the condition resolved. Conclusion: Non-invasive management of congenital eyelid eversion was found to be effective with no need for surgical management. All health care workers should be informed that this condition is amenable to conservative treatment if started early, so that prompt referral for expert management can be offered.
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-05-30
Publishing country	India
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2578268-X
ISSN	2008-322X ; 2008-322X
ISSN (online)	2008-322X
ISSN	2008-322X
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Article ; Online: Awareness, perceptions and knowledge of strabismus among patients visiting a tertiary eye clinic in Southwest Nigeria.

Isawumi, Michaeline A / Ulaikere, Mildred / Adejumo, Olubusayo O / Adebayo, Modupe / Kekunnaya, Ramesh

International ophthalmology

2014 Volume 34, Issue 5, Page(s) 1037–1042

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions, knowledge of the causes, implications and treatment of strabismus in a black population. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study utilizing a total sampling technique. Face-to-face interviews ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions, knowledge of the causes, implications and treatment of strabismus in a black population. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study utilizing a total sampling technique. Face-to-face interviews were performed using a structured questionnaire. Socio-demographic characteristics, awareness, perceived causes, effect and treatment of squint were investigated. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential (bivariate and binary regression) analysis. A total of 405 respondents (49.6 % male, 50.4 % female) were interviewed. Ages ranged from 11 ± 90 years (mean 41.26 ± 19.00). Modal age group was 17-44 (56 %). Levels of education showed that 22.0 % had no education, while primary, secondary and tertiary levels were 12.6, 31.6 and 33.8 %, respectively. Approximately 75 % of patients were aware of strabismus. Perceived causes were unknown to 53 % while 18.0 and 12 % mentioned eye disease and congenital-related, respectively. There was no knowledge of treatment in 54 % of patients, while 21 and 25 % knew about medical and surgical treatment, respectively. The effects on social and family life were stigmatization/social misfit (23 %), psychosocial/self pity/depression/inferiority complex (88 %), burden (economic/time) (7 %), and poor cosmesis (5 %). Females were significantly more aware than males (p = 0.043, OR 0.6, CI 0.399-0.986). Age (p = 0.187) and level of education (p = 0.321) had no significant relationship with the levels of awareness. Respondents who had no education were 1.25 times less likely to be aware of squint than those who had education (OR 0.8, CI 0.693-1.642). The awareness of the cause, effects and treatment of strabismus is poor in this population. Females were more aware than males.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Cost of Illness ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Educational Status ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Social Stigma ; Strabismus/etiology ; Strabismus/psychology ; Strabismus/therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	800087-6
ISSN	1573-2630 ; 0165-5701
ISSN (online)	1573-2630
ISSN	0165-5701
DOI	10.1007/s10792-014-9902-3
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Article ; Online: A survey of pediatric eye diseases in a tertiary hospital in Osogbo, South-west Nigeria

Michaeline Asuquo Isawumi / Josephine Ngozi Ubah

Nigerian Journal of Medicine, Vol 30, Iss 2, Pp 149-

2021 Volume 154

Abstract: Background: Identifying common eye diseases in childhood is a Step towards the prevention of visual impairment and preservation of vision in children who still have many productive years ahead. Aim: The aim is to determine the spectrum of eye disorders ... ...

Abstract	Background: Identifying common eye diseases in childhood is a Step towards the prevention of visual impairment and preservation of vision in children who still have many productive years ahead. Aim: The aim is to determine the spectrum of eye disorders in children attending a tertiary health institution to plan preventive and curative strategies. Methodology: This was a 4-year retrospective study of children 0–16 years who presented to a tertiary institution. Through retrieval and study of case notes, information on age, sex, duration before the presentation, month of presentation, and diagnosis were obtained and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Of 1120 case notes, studied, (53.8%) were male and (46.2%) female in a ratio of 1.6:1. The mean age was 8.54 years ± 5.03 and the modal age group was 11–16 years ± 0.85. About 51% (51.2%) had normal vision while (13.4%) were blind. The commonest eye disorders were conjunctivitis 488 (43.3%), refractive errors 292 (26.1%), and cornea-related problems 94 (8.4%). The less frequent disorders found were trauma 65 (5.8%), cataract 63 (5.6%), glaucoma 14 (4.3%), uveitis 7 (0.6%), and strabismus/others 67 (6.0%). Cataract 36/150 (24.0%) and refractive error 107/198 (54.0%) were the most common causes of blindness and visual impairment. Most children presented after 2–3 weeks of the onset of symptoms. Refractive error was more prevalent in females 176/518 (34.0%), while trauma was more prevalent in males 42/602 (7.0%). Conclusion: The common causes of ocular diseases in children in this study are avoidable. There should be an unrelenting effort toward the prevention of visual impairment or amblyopia by the provision of adequate treatment through subsidized eye care services. A follow-up study to ascertain the causes of delay in presentation would be helpful.
Keywords	children ; eye care services ; eye diseases ; hospital ; prevention ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Awareness of and Attitude towards glaucoma among an adult rural population of Osun State, Southwest Nigeria.

Isawumi, Michaeline A / Hassan, Mustapha B / Akinwusi, Patience O / Adebimpe, Olalekan W / Asekun-Olarinmoye, Esther O / Christopher, Alebiosu C / Adewole, Taiwo A

Middle East African journal of ophthalmology

2014 Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) 165–169

Abstract: Purpose: To obtain baseline data and assess the level of awareness and attitudes towards glaucoma among rural communities of Osun State, Nigeria.: Materials and methods: This was a community-based study that involved interviews and descriptive cross- ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To obtain baseline data and assess the level of awareness and attitudes towards glaucoma among rural communities of Osun State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This was a community-based study that involved interviews and descriptive cross-sectional analysis. Serial-recruitment was performed of consenting participants who presented at a community-based screening service in March 2011. Socio-demographic data and information about glaucoma were obtained through face-to-face semi-structured questionnaires. Results: The study population comprised 259 respondents (mean age 49.73 ± 16.6 years; range 18 to 90 years). There were 159 females (61.4%). Skilled workers were the most common 130/259 (50.3%) participants. Only 41 (15.8%; 95% CI: 11.4-20.2) participants had ever heard of glaucoma. Sources of information were from visits to an eye clinic for 21/41 (51.2%; 95% CI: 35.9-66.5) participants and 15/41 (36.6%) participants who know someone with glaucoma. Reponses to the causes of glaucoma included 20/41 (48.8%; 33.5-64.1) participant who said 'I don't know' and 24.4% of participants who responded 'curse-from-God'. Responses to questions on treatment included 20/41 (48.8%) participants who responded 'I don't know how it can be treated' and 10/41 (36.6%) said 'medically'. Thirty 30/41 (73.2%) participants would refuse surgery, half of them because 'it cannot cure or reverse the disease' while (26.7%) would refuse out of 'fear'. Only 8/41 (19.5%; 95% CI: 7.4-31.6) would accept surgery for maintenance. Statistically significant predictors of glaucoma awareness were older participants, males and skilled workers (teachers) (P = 0.028, P = 0.018, P = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: The outcomes of study indicate a low level of awareness of glaucoma. Health education at all levels of health and eye care services is required to prevent ocular morbidity and irreversible blindness from glaucoma.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Attitude to Health ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Glaucoma/diagnosis ; Glaucoma/epidemiology ; Glaucoma/prevention & control ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tonometry, Ocular ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-30
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2545467-5
ISSN	0975-1599 ; 0975-1599
ISSN (online)	0975-1599
ISSN	0975-1599
DOI	10.4103/0974-9233.129769
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Article: Pattern of eye diseases and visual impairment among students in southwestern Nigeria.

Ajaiyeoba, Ayotunde I / Isawumi, Michaeline A / Adeoye, Adenike O / Oluleye, Tunji S

International ophthalmology

2007 Volume 27, Issue 5, Page(s) 287–292

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and causes of eye diseases and visual impairment in students in the Ilesa East local government area of Osun state, Nigeria.: Methods: A cross-sectional survey that utilised a multistage ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and causes of eye diseases and visual impairment in students in the Ilesa East local government area of Osun state, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey that utilised a multistage random sampling method to select 1,144 primary and secondary school students. Results: A total of 1,144 students (504 males and 640 females) were involved in the study. Their ages ranged from 4 to 24 years. The majority (97.8%) of them were below 18 years of age. A total of 177 (15.5%) of the school children were found to have eye diseases. The major ocular disorders were in the following order: conjunctiva 91 (51.4%), refractive error 66 (37.3%), lid 7 (4.0%), corneal, including staphyloma and keratoconus 5 (2.8%) and then others. These included conjunctival diseases 91 (8%) constituted mainly by allergic/vernal conjunctivitis 85 (7.4%), refractive error 66 (5.8%), lid disorders 6 (0.6%), squint 3 (0.3%), corneal scarring 3 (0.3%) and cataract 2 (0.2%). A total of 15 students were visually impaired, with a prevalence of 1.26%. Only two students were blind, with a prevalence of 0.17%. Causes of visual impairment were refractive error 10 (0.87%), bilateral immature cataract 1 (0.08%), corneal opacities 2 (0.2%), amblyopia leading to squint 1 (0.08%) and cataract 1 (0.08%). The causes of blindness in students were bilateral corneal scars presumed to be due to vitamin A deficiency in one (0.08%) student and complicated bilateral keratoconus with complicated vernal ulcers in another (0.08%). Conclusions: Eye diseases are common amongst Nigerian students. Eye examination for all new intakes and regular screening in both public and private primary and secondary schools is advocated. Wearing of corrective glasses should be emphasised for children with refractive error. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in children attending regular schools in Nigeria were avoidable.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Amblyopia/complications ; Cataract/complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Demography ; Eye Diseases/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Refractive Errors/complications ; Vision Disorders/epidemiology ; Vision Disorders/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	800087-6
ISSN	1573-2630 ; 0165-5701
ISSN (online)	1573-2630
ISSN	0165-5701
DOI	10.1007/s10792-007-9056-7
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Article ; Online: Non-Surgical Management of Congenital Eversion of the Eyelids

Caroline O Adeoti / Adeyinka O Ashaye / Michaeline A Isawumi / Ralph A Raji

Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp 188-

2010 Volume 192

Abstract: Purpose: To report the effectiveness of non-invasive management of congenital eversion of the eyelids, a rare condition associated with serious socio-psychological consequences. Case Report: Three neonates with congenital eversion of the eyelids and ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To report the effectiveness of non-invasive management of congenital eversion of the eyelids, a rare condition associated with serious socio-psychological consequences. Case Report: Three neonates with congenital eversion of the eyelids and secondary conjunctival chemosis and prolapse were managed with 5% hypertonic normal saline, lubricants, antibiotics, and padding. Complete eye opening was achieved by the 10th day of presentation and the condition resolved. Conclusion: Non-invasive management of congenital eyelid eversion was found to be effective with no need for surgical management. All health care workers should be informed that this condition is amenable to conservative treatment if started early, so that prompt referral for expert management can be offered.
Keywords	Eyelid Diseases; Therapy; Ectropion ; Medicine ; R ; Ophthalmology ; RE1-994
Publishing date	2010-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Ophthalmic Research Center
Document type	Article ; Online
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