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Article ; Online: New Frontiers in Comparative Victimology: Introduction to the Special Issue of the

Posick, Chad / Floyd, Kathryn H

International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology

2024 Volume 68, Issue 5, Page(s) 443–448

Abstract: This special issue of ... ...

Abstract	This special issue of the
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Criminals ; Violence ; Crime Victims ; Aggression ; Socialization
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	218274-9
ISSN	1552-6933 ; 0306-624X
ISSN (online)	1552-6933
ISSN	0306-624X
DOI	10.1177/0306624X231221016
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Article ; Online: The Health Outcomes of Direct and Witnessed Interactions With the Police: Do Race and Ethnicity Matter?

Posick, Chad / Dawson, Akiv

The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine

2021 Volume 69, Issue 2, Page(s) 183–184

MeSH term(s)	Ethnic Groups ; Humans ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Police
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1063374-1
ISSN	1879-1972 ; 1054-139X
ISSN (online)	1879-1972
ISSN	1054-139X
DOI	10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.05.011
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Article ; Online: Reappraising the Impact of Offending on Victimization: A Propensity Score Matching Approach.

Posick, Chad

International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology

2017 Volume 62, Issue 8, Page(s) 2374–2390

Abstract: Existing evidence clearly supports an empirical connection between offending and victimization. Often called the "victim-offender overlap," this relationship holds for both sexes, across the life course, and across a wide range of countries and cultural ... ...

Abstract	Existing evidence clearly supports an empirical connection between offending and victimization. Often called the "victim-offender overlap," this relationship holds for both sexes, across the life course, and across a wide range of countries and cultural environments. In addition, the relationship is sustained regardless of the study sample and statistical methods applied in the analyses of the sample data. However, there has yet to be a study that examines this relationship for violent and property crime using quasi-experimental methods accounting for a wide range of potential confounders including individual differences and cultural contexts. This study subjects the victim-offender relationship to testing through propensity score matching for both violent and property crimes using an international dataset. The results show that previous violent and theft offending increases the odds of victimization when matching on individual and contextual factors. This finding supports previous literature and suggests that delinquent behavior may act as a "switch" that exposes one to subsequent violent and theft victimization.
MeSH term(s)	Crime Victims ; Criminals ; Humans ; Propensity Score ; Theft ; Violence
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218274-9
ISSN	1552-6933 ; 0306-624X
ISSN (online)	1552-6933
ISSN	0306-624X
DOI	10.1177/0306624X17708179
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Article ; Online: Integrating Individual Risk and Social Exposure to Violence: A Multilevel Victimization Perspective.

Posick, Chad / Rocque, Michael

Journal of interpersonal violence

2020 Volume 37, Issue 7-8, Page(s) NP4840–NP4864

Abstract: We test two major hypotheses in this article: (a) macrolevels of school disorganization and individual levels of low self-control will be directly, and positively, linked to victimization and (bi) low self-control will have the largest impact on exposure ...

Abstract	We test two major hypotheses in this article: (a) macrolevels of school disorganization and individual levels of low self-control will be directly, and positively, linked to victimization and (bi) low self-control will have the largest impact on exposure to victimization (ETV) when it interacts with negative environments consistent with a social enhancement perspective, or (bii) low self-control will have a weaker impact on ETV when it interacts with negative environments consistent with saturation or social push models. The data for the current study were collected as part of the second International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD-II). A total of 49,685 individuals from 30 countries are nested within 1,427 schools. We use multilevel generalized linear regression models with violent victimization (robbery and assault) regressed on demographic, family, school, and neighborhood variables. Multiplicative interaction terms are included in separate models to examine key moderation effects consistent with expectations drawn from the victimization literature. Analyses reveal that low self-control and perceptions of school disorganization are both associated with an increase in the odds of experiencing victimization. Interactions between low self-control and school disorganization are also found to be consistent with saturation/social push models. Our regulation approach offers a foundation for theorizing about ETV and provides a testable model for future research. However, elements of the regulation model are in need of further refinement and testing before the perspective can be moved toward a broader theory of victimization.
MeSH term(s)	Bullying ; Crime Victims ; Exposure to Violence ; Humans ; Schools ; Violence
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2028900-5
ISSN	1552-6518 ; 0886-2605
ISSN (online)	1552-6518
ISSN	0886-2605
DOI	10.1177/0886260520958640
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Article ; Online: Adverse childhood experiences and traumatic brain injury among adolescents: findings from the 2016-2018 National Survey of Children's Health.

Jackson, Dylan B / Posick, Chad / Vaughn, Michael G / Testa, Alexander

European child & adolescent psychiatry

2021 Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 289–297

Abstract: Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a significant public health issue for youth. However, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been almost entirely overlooked in the ACEs and health outcomes literature, which has largely focused on the ... ...

Abstract	Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a significant public health issue for youth. However, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been almost entirely overlooked in the ACEs and health outcomes literature, which has largely focused on the significant mental and behavioral health impact of ACEs. The goal the current study is to examine the association between ACEs and TBI among a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States and the extent to which ADHD and conduct problems inform this association. To assess this relationship, we use a sample of 42,204 adolescents (ages 12-17 years) in the United States whose caregivers were surveyed during the three most recent cohorts (2016-2018) of the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). The results revealed a dose-response relationship between ACEs and TBI, even after accounting for an array of confounding variables. Findings also indicated that associations were of a greater magnitude among youth who are not sports-involved. Supplemental mediation analyses showed that ADHD and conduct problems attenuated associations between ACE exposure and TBI, but only in the absence of youth sports involvement. Given that both ACEs and TBI carry long-term consequences for health and well-being, the findings from this study draw attention to the need for early intervention and prevention programming (e.g. home visiting) that can reduce the prevalence of ACEs and a history of TBI among adolescents.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-02
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1118299-4
ISSN	1435-165X ; 1018-8827 ; 1433-5719
ISSN (online)	1435-165X
ISSN	1018-8827 ; 1433-5719
DOI	10.1007/s00787-020-01687-1
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Article: Integrating Individual Risk and Social Exposure to Violence: A Multilevel Victimization Perspective

Posick, Chad / Rocque, Michael

J Interpers Violence

Abstract	We test two major hypotheses in this article: (a) macrolevels of school disorganization and individual levels of low self-control will be directly, and positively, linked to victimization and (bi) low self-control will have the largest impact on exposure to victimization (ETV) when it interacts with negative environments consistent with a social enhancement perspective, or (bii) low self-control will have a weaker impact on ETV when it interacts with negative environments consistent with saturation or social push models. The data for the current study were collected as part of the second International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD-II). A total of 49,685 individuals from 30 countries are nested within 1,427 schools. We use multilevel generalized linear regression models with violent victimization (robbery and assault) regressed on demographic, family, school, and neighborhood variables. Multiplicative interaction terms are included in separate models to examine key moderation effects consistent with expectations drawn from the victimization literature. Analyses reveal that low self-control and perceptions of school disorganization are both associated with an increase in the odds of experiencing victimization. Interactions between low self-control and school disorganization are also found to be consistent with saturation/social push models. Our regulation approach offers a foundation for theorizing about ETV and provides a testable model for future research. However, elements of the regulation model are in need of further refinement and testing before the perspective can be moved toward a broader theory of victimization.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32962493
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: New Evidence Of The Nexus Between Neighborhood Violence, Perceptions Of Danger, And Child Health.

Jackson, Dylan B / Posick, Chad / Vaughn, Michael G

Health affairs (Project Hope)

2019 Volume 38, Issue 5, Page(s) 746–754

Abstract: Neighborhood characteristics have been associated with various facets of children's health. This study explored whether adverse neighborhood conditions-particularly violence exposure and perceptions of danger-were associated with child health status and ... ...

Abstract	Neighborhood characteristics have been associated with various facets of children's health. This study explored whether adverse neighborhood conditions-particularly violence exposure and perceptions of danger-were associated with child health status and health risks across four dimensions: health difficulties (for example, headaches, stomachaches, or breathing problems), chronic physical conditions, developmental disorders, and mental health conditions. Data were derived from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, a survey of a cross-sectional weighted probability sample of US children ages 0-17. The findings indicate that neighborhood violence exposure and perceptions of danger yielded the strongest associations with the studied health dimensions and were especially relevant to the occurrence and accumulation of intersecting health problems across dimensions. The findings underscore the need for multiple sectors and agencies to collectively invest in public safety and community violence prevention as a means of promoting health among children.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child Health/statistics & numerical data ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Status ; Humans ; Infant ; Residence Characteristics ; Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data ; Violence
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632712-6
ISSN	1544-5208 ; 0278-2715
ISSN (online)	1544-5208
ISSN	0278-2715
DOI	10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05127
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Article ; Online: The Role of Physical and Sexual Assaults on the Ability to Complete Work Responsibilities.

Posick, Chad / Jackson, Dylan B / Grubb, Jonathan A

Journal of interpersonal violence

2019 Volume 36, Issue 17-18, Page(s) 8164–8185

Abstract: Sexual and physical assaults have many serious and persistent negative impacts on individual health. There is now a considerable literature base identifying and discussing these health outcomes. Less is known about the mediating mechanisms that link ... ...

Abstract	Sexual and physical assaults have many serious and persistent negative impacts on individual health. There is now a considerable literature base identifying and discussing these health outcomes. Less is known about the mediating mechanisms that link these types of assault with later outcomes. This study examines the role of sexual and physical assaults in self-perceptions of individual health on missing or cutting back on work responsibilities. In particular, perceptions of both mental and physical health are investigated to further refine understanding of the different impacts of assault on survivor health and behavior. Using a sample of 3,791 adults aged 30 to 84 from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, results of the analyses indicate that sexual and physical assaults do not have a direct effect on missing/cutting back on work responsibilities but do have an indirect effect through perceptions of health. The results can inform academic research, as important impacts of assault may be masked if mediating mechanisms are not investigated. In terms of policy, adults who have difficulty carrying out work responsibilities should be assessed for their overall health and survivors of violence should be offered health-related services following a victimization experience.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Crime Victims ; Humans ; Sex Offenses ; Sexual Behavior ; Survivors ; United States ; Violence
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2028900-5
ISSN	1552-6518 ; 0886-2605
ISSN (online)	1552-6518
ISSN	0886-2605
DOI	10.1177/0886260519847781
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Article ; Online: Risk Factors for and Behavioral Consequences of Direct Versus Indirect Exposure to Violence.

Zimmerman, Gregory M / Posick, Chad

American journal of public health

2016 Volume 106, Issue 1, Page(s) 178–188

Abstract: Research suggests that direct exposure (personal victimization) and indirect exposure (witnessing or hearing about the victimization of a family member, friend, or neighbor) to violence are correlated. However, questions remain about the co-occurrence of ...

Abstract	Research suggests that direct exposure (personal victimization) and indirect exposure (witnessing or hearing about the victimization of a family member, friend, or neighbor) to violence are correlated. However, questions remain about the co-occurrence of these phenomena within individuals. We used data on 1915 youths (with an average age of 12 years at baseline) from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods to examine this issue. Results indicated that youths who tended to be personally victimized were also likely to witness violence; conversely, youths who disproportionately witnessed violence were relatively unlikely to experience personal victimization. In addition, direct and indirect exposures to violence were associated with subsequent adverse outcomes in similar ways. The key distinguishing factor was, rather, the cumulative level of violence (both direct and indirect) to which youths were exposed.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/ethnology ; Adolescent Behavior/psychology ; African Americans/psychology ; African Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Chicago/epidemiology ; Child ; Child Behavior Disorders/etiology ; Child Behavior Disorders/psychology ; Cluster Analysis ; Crime Victims/psychology ; Exposure to Violence/ethnology ; Exposure to Violence/psychology ; Female ; Hispanic Americans/psychology ; Hispanic Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Minority Groups/psychology ; Minority Groups/statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Social Behavior Disorders/ethnology ; Social Behavior Disorders/etiology ; Social Behavior Disorders/psychology ; Urban Population
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2015.302920
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Article ; Online: Person-in-context: insights on contextual variation in the victim-offender overlap across schools.

Posick, Chad / Zimmerman, Gregory M

Journal of interpersonal violence

2015 Volume 30, Issue 8, Page(s) 1432–1455

Abstract: The correlation between victimization and offending (i.e., the victim-offender overlap) is one of the most documented empirical findings in delinquency research, leading researchers to investigate potential contingencies in this relationship. A small ... ...

Abstract	The correlation between victimization and offending (i.e., the victim-offender overlap) is one of the most documented empirical findings in delinquency research, leading researchers to investigate potential contingencies in this relationship. A small number of studies have found evidence of contextual variation in the victim-offender overlap, but these studies have produced conflicting results as to whether urban context amplifies or attenuates this relationship. To add clarity to this body of literature, the present study uses a nationally representative sample of adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to investigate potential variation in the victim-offender overlap across school context. Results indicate that victimization is positively and significantly related to offending in all school contexts but that the relationship between victimization and offending is stronger in non-urban schools than in urban schools. Results also indicate that negative emotionality may play a key role in unpacking the mechanisms through which context moderates the victim-offender overlap.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Crime Victims/psychology ; Criminals/psychology ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Juvenile Delinquency/psychology ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Schools ; Urban Population
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2028900-5
ISSN	1552-6518 ; 0886-2605
ISSN (online)	1552-6518
ISSN	0886-2605
DOI	10.1177/0886260514540327
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