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  1. Article ; Online: Molecular diagnostics for invasive lung infections in children.

    Munro, Alasdair P S

    Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)

    2023  Volume 112, Issue 7, Page(s) 1368–1370

    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Lung ; Pathology, Molecular ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Lung Diseases/genetics ; Lung Diseases/microbiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-27
    Publishing country Norway
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 203487-6
    ISSN 1651-2227 ; 0365-1436 ; 0803-5253
    ISSN (online) 1651-2227
    ISSN 0365-1436 ; 0803-5253
    DOI 10.1111/apa.16797
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  2. Article ; Online: Vaccination against COVID-19 - risks and benefits in children.

    Munro, Alasdair P S / Jones, Christine E / Faust, Saul N

    European journal of pediatrics

    2024  Volume 183, Issue 3, Page(s) 1107–1112

    Abstract: Countries in Europe and around the world have taken varying approaches to their policies on COVID-19 vaccination for children. The low risk of severe illness from COVID-19 means that even small risks from vaccination warrant careful consideration. ... ...

    Abstract Countries in Europe and around the world have taken varying approaches to their policies on COVID-19 vaccination for children. The low risk of severe illness from COVID-19 means that even small risks from vaccination warrant careful consideration. Vaccination appears to result in a decreased risk of severe illness including the paediatric multi-system inflammatory syndrome known to be associated with COVID-19. These risks have already decreased significantly with the emergence of the Omicron variant and its subvariants, and due to widespread population immunity through previous infection. There is a relatively high risk of myocarditis following second doses of mRNA vaccines in adolescent males, although the general course of this condition appears mild.   Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination only provides a transient reduction in transmission. Currently, insufficient evidence exists to determine the impact of vaccination on post-acute COVID syndromes in children, which are uncommon. What is Known: • Vaccines against COVID-19 have significantly reduced morbidity and mortality around the world. • Whilst countries have universally recommended vaccines for adults and continue to recommend them for vulnerable populations, there has been more variability in recommendations for children. What is New: • In the setting of near universal existing immunity from infection, the majority of the initial benefit in protecting against severe illness has been eroded. • The risks of myocarditis following mRNA vaccination for children is low, but an important consideration given the modest benefits.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Myocarditis/etiology ; Risk Assessment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Syndrome ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; Vaccination/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-02
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 194196-3
    ISSN 1432-1076 ; 0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
    ISSN (online) 1432-1076
    ISSN 0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
    DOI 10.1007/s00431-023-05380-8
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  3. Article ; Online: Scholarly communications harmed by covid-19.

    Bhopal, Raj / Munro, Alasdair P S

    BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    2021  Volume 372, Page(s) n742

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Disclosure/ethics ; Humans ; Interprofessional Relations ; Online Social Networking ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Scholarly Communication/ethics ; Scholarly Communication/standards ; Scholarly Communication/trends
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1362901-3
    ISSN 1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    ISSN (online) 1756-1833
    ISSN 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.n742
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  4. Article ; Online: Face coverings have little utility for young school-aged children.

    Munro, Alasdair P S / Hughes, Robert C

    Archives of disease in childhood

    2022  Volume 108, Issue 2, Page(s) 77–78

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Masks
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 524-1
    ISSN 1468-2044 ; 0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
    ISSN (online) 1468-2044
    ISSN 0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
    DOI 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324809
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  5. Article ; Online: The disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus in Infants.

    Munro, Alasdair P S / Martinón-Torres, Federico / Drysdale, Simon B / Faust, Saul N

    Current opinion in infectious diseases

    2023  Volume 36, Issue 5, Page(s) 379–384

    Abstract: Purpose of review: To describe the current global burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants and its implications for morbidity, health resources and economic costs.: Recent findings: New prophylactic therapies are on the horizon for RSV ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: To describe the current global burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants and its implications for morbidity, health resources and economic costs.
    Recent findings: New prophylactic therapies are on the horizon for RSV in the form of long-acting monoclonal antibodies suitable for healthy infants and maternal immunizations.
    Summary: Despite being responsible for significant global infant morbidity and mortality, until recently there have been no effective therapeutics available for healthy infants to protect them from RSV. Several new drugs are likely to be available within the next few years which could help relieve a huge burden on healthcare systems over the coming winters.
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Humans ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Cost of Illness ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Health Resources ; Immunization
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 645085-4
    ISSN 1473-6527 ; 1535-3877 ; 0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
    ISSN (online) 1473-6527 ; 1535-3877
    ISSN 0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
    DOI 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000952
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  6. Article ; Online: It's Time to Put Children and Young People First During the Global COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Faust, Saul N / Munro, Alasdair P S

    JAMA pediatrics

    2020  Volume 175, Issue 2, Page(s) 127–128

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/psychology ; Child ; Child Welfare/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Psychology, Adolescent ; Psychology, Child ; Social Isolation/psychology ; Students/statistics & numerical data
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2701223-2
    ISSN 2168-6211 ; 2168-6203
    ISSN (online) 2168-6211
    ISSN 2168-6203
    DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.4582
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  7. Article ; Online: Children are not COVID-19 super spreaders: time to go back to school.

    Munro, Alasdair P S / Faust, Saul N

    Archives of disease in childhood

    2020  Volume 105, Issue 7, Page(s) 618–619

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Education/legislation & jurisprudence ; Education, Distance ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Policy Making ; Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence ; Quarantine/legislation & jurisprudence ; Quarantine/statistics & numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Schools
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 524-1
    ISSN 1468-2044 ; 0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
    ISSN (online) 1468-2044
    ISSN 0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
    DOI 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319474
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  8. Article ; Online: The utility of point of care testing of procalcitonin in paediatric acute assessment.

    Munro, Alasdair P S / Hungwe, Charles / Patel, Pratisksha / Ward, Nick / Struthers, Simon / Saeed, Kordo

    Le infezioni in medicina

    2022  Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 587–592

    Abstract: Objective: Febrile illnesses are a common cause of presentation in acute pediatrics, with biomarkers frequently used to help differentiate mild infections from serious bacterial infections (SBI). We aimed to see if a point of care test for procalcitonin ...

    Abstract Objective: Febrile illnesses are a common cause of presentation in acute pediatrics, with biomarkers frequently used to help differentiate mild infections from serious bacterial infections (SBI). We aimed to see if a point of care test for procalcitonin could help to reduce antibiotic use and avoid unnecessary admission.
    Patients and methods: A point of care procalcitonin machine which produces results within 20 minutes was introduced to two pediatric assessment units across both sites of a secondary-care hospital trust, alongside guidance for when tested would be appropriate. We performed a prospective, observational, pilot service evaluation, of all children tested during the study period of November 2018 to March 2019. We collected data at the time of testing, including the indication for testing and plan prior to testing, then retrospectively collected outcome data for children tested including diagnosis, treatment and whether the child was admitted to hospital.
    Results: 68 tests were performed over 5 months. There are differing denominators due to missing data. Children were predominantly male (40/68, 58.8%) and pre-school age (median age 2.9y, Q1-Q3 1.3-6.7). Severity of illness was low, with 7/54 (11.5%) triggering sepsis tools. The primary indication for testing was febrile illness with no source of infection and some concerning features (31/59, 52.5%). Following testing, 35/67 (52.5%) of patients were admitted and 31/67 (47.1%) had IV antibiotics. A low procalcitonin (<0.5 ng/L) was observed in 46/67 (69.1%) of patients, however 21/46 (45.7%) of these children were admitted and 16/46 (34.8%) were given IV antibiotics. Procalcitonin performed poorly at detecting SBIs in this cohort (result >0.5 ng/L for 1/5 SBIs).
    Conclusion: There was no clear impact of point of care procalcitonin on admission or antibiotic prescribing in this small pilot study. Clinicians often tested for reasons outside the recommended scenarios and often treated "low risk" patients, as determined by low procalcitonin, with antibiotics. These effects may be due to low familiarity with procalcitonin as a biomarker.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041081-5
    ISSN 2532-8689 ; 1124-9390
    ISSN (online) 2532-8689
    ISSN 1124-9390
    DOI 10.53854/liim-3004-14
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  9. Article ; Online: COVID-19 in children: current evidence and key questions.

    Munro, Alasdair P S / Faust, Saul N

    Current opinion in infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 33, Issue 6, Page(s) 540–547

    Abstract: Purpose of review: SARS-CoV-2 infection in children has been less well characterized than in adults, primarily due to a significantly milder clinical phenotype meaning many cases have gone undocumented by health professionals or researchers. This review ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: SARS-CoV-2 infection in children has been less well characterized than in adults, primarily due to a significantly milder clinical phenotype meaning many cases have gone undocumented by health professionals or researchers. This review outlines the current evidence of the epidemiology of infection in children, the clinical manifestations of disease, the role of children in transmission of the virus and the recently described hyperinflammatory syndrome observed later during the first phase of the pandemic.
    Recent findings: International seroprevalence studies have found younger children to have lower prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, indicating they have not been infected as much as adults. This may be due to shielding by school closures, or by a reduced susceptibility to infection, as indicated by a significantly lower attack rate in children than adults in household contact tracing studies. The most well recognized symptoms in adults of cough, fever, anosmia and ageusia are less frequent in children, who may often present with mild and nonspecific symptoms, or with gastrointestinal symptoms alone. Risk factors for severe disease in children include chronic lung, cardiac or neurological disease, and malignancy. However, the absolute risk still appears very low for these cohorts. A new hyperinflammatory syndrome has emerged with an apparent immune cause.
    Summary: Important questions remain unanswered regarding why children have mild disease compared with adults; how children of different ages contribute to asymptomatic community transmission of the virus; and the pathophysiology of and most appropriate investigation and treatment strategies for the novel hyperinflammatory syndrome.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Asymptomatic Infections/epidemiology ; Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comorbidity ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Humans ; Infant ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/complications ; Young Adult
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 645085-4
    ISSN 1473-6527 ; 1535-3877 ; 0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
    ISSN (online) 1473-6527 ; 1535-3877
    ISSN 0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
    DOI 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000690
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  10. Article ; Online: Closing schools is not evidence based and harms children.

    Lewis, Sarah J / Munro, Alasdair P S / Smith, George Davey / Pollock, Allyson M

    BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    2021  Volume 372, Page(s) n521

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Child ; Child Development ; Education, Distance ; Humans ; Physical Distancing ; Schools ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1362901-3
    ISSN 1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    ISSN (online) 1756-1833
    ISSN 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.n521
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