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Article ; Online: Balancing best practice and reality in behavioral intervention development: A survey of principal investigators funded by the National Institutes of Health.

von Klinggraeff, Lauren / Burkart, Sarah / Pfledderer, Christopher D / McLain, Alexander / Armstrong, Bridget / Weaver, R Glenn / Beets, Michael W

Translational behavioral medicine

2024 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 273–284

Abstract: Preliminary studies play a prominent role in the development of large-scale behavioral interventions. Though recommendations exist to guide the execution and interpretation of preliminary studies, these assume optimal scenarios which may clash with ... ...

Abstract	Preliminary studies play a prominent role in the development of large-scale behavioral interventions. Though recommendations exist to guide the execution and interpretation of preliminary studies, these assume optimal scenarios which may clash with realities faced by researchers. The purpose of this study was to explore how principal investigators (PIs) balance expectations when conducting preliminary studies. We surveyed PIs funded by the National Institutes of Health to conduct preliminary behavioral interventions between 2000 and 2020. Four hundred thirty-one PIs (19% response rate) completed the survey (November 2021 to January 2022, 72% female, mean 21 years post-terminal degree). Most PIs were aware of translational models and believed preliminary studies should precede larger trials but also believed a single preliminary study provided sufficient evidence to scale. When asked about the relative importance of preliminary efficacy (i.e. changes in outcomes) and feasibility (i.e. recruitment, acceptance/adherence) responses varied. Preliminary studies were perceived as necessary to successfully compete for research funding, but among PIs who had peer-reviewed federal-level grants applications (n = 343 [80%]), responses varied about what should be presented to secure funding. Confusion surrounding the definition of a successful, informative preliminary study poses a significant challenge when developing behavior interventions. This may be due to a mismatch between expectations surrounding preliminary studies and the realities of the research enterprise in which they are conducted. To improve the quality of preliminary studies and advance the field of behavioral interventions, additional funding opportunities, more transparent criteria in grant reviews, and additional training for grant reviewers are suggested.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States ; Female ; Research Personnel ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Behavior Therapy/methods ; Adult ; Middle Aged
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2586893-7
ISSN	1613-9860 ; 1869-6716
ISSN (online)	1613-9860
ISSN	1869-6716
DOI	10.1093/tbm/ibae009
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Interpersonal and Environmental Protective Factors and Their Associations With Children's Weight Status.

Hunt, Ethan T / Armstrong, Bridget / Beets, Michael W / Turner-McGrievy, Gabrielle / Weaver, Robert G

Journal of primary care & community health

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 21501319231182304

Abstract: Both external structure (ie, participating in extracurricular activities) and family factors (ie, parental emotional support) have separately been linked with children's physical health and well-being, however, their combined effects are less well known. ...

Abstract	Both external structure (ie, participating in extracurricular activities) and family factors (ie, parental emotional support) have separately been linked with children's physical health and well-being, however, their combined effects are less well known. The current study examined the longitudinal associations between participating in structured out-of-school activities and parent reports of warmth/emotional support with children's weight status (ie, zBMI) over time. Utilizing longitudinal data from the United States-based Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010 to 2011 (ECLS-K:2011), we employed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a latent variable cross-lagged path analysis to examine if emotional supportiveness and participation in structured activities predicted lower zBMI over the course of 1 year. The final sample included 18 135 participants. Mean age of the participants was 8.12 years (±0.38 years), and 51% of children were male. Mean zBMI was 0.54 (±1.12). Structure at baseline predicted increased zBMI in year 2 (β = .03,
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Male ; Female ; Longitudinal Studies ; Protective Factors ; Child Health ; Educational Status ; Emotions ; Body Mass Index
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2550221-9
ISSN	2150-1327 ; 2150-1319
ISSN (online)	2150-1327
ISSN	2150-1319
DOI	10.1177/21501319231182304
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Daring to share requires intentional and collective commitment to civil discourse

Beets, Michael W / Weaver, R. Glenn / Brazendale, Keith

international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity. 2020 Dec., v. 17, no. 1

2020

Abstract: Communicating and challenging ideas through written scholarly dialogue is a cornerstone of scientific progress. In the current social and political climate, it is important to reflect upon what constitutes appropriate ways to engage in scholarly ... ...

Abstract	Communicating and challenging ideas through written scholarly dialogue is a cornerstone of scientific progress. In the current social and political climate, it is important to reflect upon what constitutes appropriate ways to engage in scholarly dialogues and consider the ramifications of failing to create an environment where individuals are willing to share ideas openly. In this commentary, we provide examples of scholarly dialogues representing antagonistic and collegial tones and discuss the consequences of failing to communicate appropriately in the areas of gatekeeping, mentoring, and most importantly, the silencing of ideas.
Keywords	mentoring ; nutrition ; physical activity ; politics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 46.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; Letter
ISSN	1479-5868
DOI	10.1186/s12966-020-00950-7
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Daring to share requires intentional and collective commitment to civil discourse.

Beets, Michael W / Weaver, R Glenn / Brazendale, Keith

The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity

2020 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 46

Abstract	Communicating and challenging ideas through written scholarly dialogue is a cornerstone of scientific progress. In the current social and political climate, it is important to reflect upon what constitutes appropriate ways to engage in scholarly dialogues and consider the ramifications of failing to create an environment where individuals are willing to share ideas openly. In this commentary, we provide examples of scholarly dialogues representing antagonistic and collegial tones and discuss the consequences of failing to communicate appropriately in the areas of gatekeeping, mentoring, and most importantly, the silencing of ideas.
MeSH term(s)	Communication ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Interpersonal Relations ; Mentoring
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ISSN	1479-5868
ISSN (online)	1479-5868
DOI	10.1186/s12966-020-00950-7
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Article: Estimating Physical Activity and Sleep using the Combination of Movement and Heart Rate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

White, James W / Pfledderer, Christopher D / Kinard, Parker / Beets, Michael W / VON Klinggraeff, Lauren / Armstrong, Bridget / Adams, Elizabeth L / Welk, Gregory J / Burkart, Sarah / Weaver, R Glenn

International journal of exercise science

2024 Volume 16, Issue 7, Page(s) 1514–1539

Abstract: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify the difference in physical activity and sleep estimates assessed via 1) movement, 2) heart rate (HR), or 3) the combination of movement and HR (MOVE+HR) compared to criterion indicators of the outcomes. ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify the difference in physical activity and sleep estimates assessed via 1) movement, 2) heart rate (HR), or 3) the combination of movement and HR (MOVE+HR) compared to criterion indicators of the outcomes. Searches in four electronic databases were executed September 21-24 of 2021. Weighted mean was calculated from standardized group-level estimates of mean percent error (MPE) and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of the proxy signal compared to the criterion measurement method for physical activity, HR, or sleep. Standardized mean difference (SMD) effect sizes between the proxy and criterion estimates were calculated for each study across all outcomes, and meta-regression analyses were conducted. Two-One-Sided-Tests method were conducted to metaanalytically evaluate the equivalence of the proxy and criterion. Thirty-nine studies (physical activity
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2411342-6
ISSN	1939-795X
ISSN	1939-795X
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Scaling-Up Adolescent High-Intensity Interval Training Programs for Population Health.

Lubans, David R / Eather, Narelle / Smith, Jordan J / Beets, Michael W / Harris, Nigel K

Exercise and sport sciences reviews

2022 Volume 50, Issue 3, Page(s) 128–136

Abstract: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a polarizing form of exercise. In this article, we argue that adolescent HIIT programs can have population health impact if they are (i) integrated into existing opportunities, (ii) designed to develop ... ...

Abstract	High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a polarizing form of exercise. In this article, we argue that adolescent HIIT programs can have population health impact if they are (i) integrated into existing opportunities, (ii) designed to develop physical literacy, (iii) delivered in an engaging manner, and (iv) guided and supported by an implementation framework that addresses relevant barriers and facilitators.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Exercise ; High-Intensity Interval Training ; Humans ; Population Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187040-3
ISSN	1538-3008 ; 0091-6331
ISSN (online)	1538-3008
ISSN	0091-6331
DOI	10.1249/JES.0000000000000287
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Article: Fund behavioral science like the frameworks we endorse: the case for increased funding of preliminary studies by the National Institutes of Health.

Beets, Michael W / Pfledderer, Christopher / von Klinggraeff, Lauren / Burkart, Sarah / Armstrong, Bridget

Pilot and feasibility studies

2022 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 218

Abstract: Innovative, groundbreaking science relies upon preliminary studies (aka pilot, feasibility, proof-of-concept). In the behavioral sciences, almost every large-scale intervention is supported by a series of one or more rigorously conducted preliminary ... ...

Abstract	Innovative, groundbreaking science relies upon preliminary studies (aka pilot, feasibility, proof-of-concept). In the behavioral sciences, almost every large-scale intervention is supported by a series of one or more rigorously conducted preliminary studies. The importance of preliminary studies was established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2014/2015 in two translational science frameworks (NIH Stage and ORBIT models). These frameworks outline the essential role preliminary studies play in developing the next generation of evidence-based behavioral prevention and treatment interventions. Data produced from preliminary studies are essential to secure funding from the NIH's most widely used grant mechanism for large-scale clinical trials, namely the R01. Yet, despite their unquestionable importance, the resources available for behavioral scientists to conduct rigorous preliminary studies are limited. In this commentary, we discuss ways the existing funding structure at the NIH, despite its clear reliance upon high-quality preliminary studies, inadvertently discourages and disincentivizes their pursuit by systematically underfunding them. We outline how multiple complementary and pragmatic steps via a small reinvestment of funds from larger trials could result in a large increase in funding for smaller preliminary studies. We make the case such a reinvestment has the potential to increase innovative science, increase the number of investigators currently funded, and would yield lasting benefits for behavioral science and scientists alike.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2809935-7
ISSN	2055-5784
ISSN	2055-5784
DOI	10.1186/s40814-022-01179-w
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Article: COVID-19 mitigation strategies: A natural experiment highlighting the importance of structure in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

Brazendale, Keith / Beets, Michael W / Weaver, R Glenn / Armstrong, Bridget / Hunt, Ethan T

Preventive medicine reports

2022 Volume 30, Page(s) 102023

Abstract: Societal restrictions due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), such as the closure of schools, childcare centers, and community programs, were implemented to prevent the spread of the disease and to protect the health and well-being of the ... ...

Abstract	Societal restrictions due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), such as the closure of schools, childcare centers, and community programs, were implemented to prevent the spread of the disease and to protect the health and well-being of the population. These mitigation efforts drastically interrupted the day-to-day environments of children and adolescents and influenced how they spent the majority of their waking hours. Evidence shows on days when children and adolescents are in "structured" settings, such as school or other extracurricular programs or day camps, their obesogenic behaviors (i.e., sleep, physical activity, diet, and screen/media time) are more favorable than on days with less structure (e.g., summer days, weekends). Although obesity is driven by complex interactions between environmental, behavioral, biological, and genetic factors, COVID-19 pandemic closures emphasized the importance of daily structure. This short communication used a tertiary examination of the literature to show how societal restrictions and mitigation strategies resulted in significant increases in childhood and adolescent obesity on a global scale and highlights the importance of key underlying principles of the Structured Days Hypothesis (SDH). Closure of schools and other structured programs as a result of COVID-19 exposed youth to prolonged periods of less-structured environments as youth spent considerably more time at home than normal. Societal restrictions and mitigation strategies as a result of COVID-19 inadvertently demonstrated the importance of structure in shaping children's health behaviors and weight-related outcomes. Public health practitioners and researchers should consider this framework in the development of interventions to prevent and treat obesity in youth.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2785569-7
ISSN	2211-3355
ISSN	2211-3355
DOI	10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102023
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Parental decision-making on summer program enrollment: A mixed methods Covid-19 impact study.

Dugger, Roddrick / Reesor-Oyer, Layton / Beets, Michael W / Wilson, Dawn K / Weaver, Robert Glenn

Evaluation and program planning

2022 Volume 97, Page(s) 102200

Abstract: Background: The closure of childcare organizations (e.g. schools, childcare centers, afterschool programs, summer camps) during the Covid-19 pandemic impacted the health and wellbeing of families. Despite their reopening, parents may be reluctant to ... ...

Abstract	Background: The closure of childcare organizations (e.g. schools, childcare centers, afterschool programs, summer camps) during the Covid-19 pandemic impacted the health and wellbeing of families. Despite their reopening, parents may be reluctant to enroll their children in summer programming. Knowledge of the beliefs that underlie parental concerns will inform best practices for organizations that serve children. Methods: Parents (n = 17) participated in qualitative interviews (October 2020) to discuss Covid-19 risk perceptions and summer program enrollment intentions. Based on interview responses to perceived Covid-19 risk, two groups emerged for analysis- "Elevated Risk (ER)" and "Conditional Risk (CR)". Themes were identified utilizing independent coding and constant-comparison analysis. Follow-up interviews (n = 12) in the Spring of 2021 evaluated the impact of vaccine availability on parent risk perceptions. Additionally, parents (n = 17) completed the Covid-19 Impact survey to assess perceived exposure (Range: 0-25) and household impact (Range: 2-60) of the pandemic. Scores were summed and averaged for the sample and by risk classification group. Results: Parents overwhelmingly supported the operation of summer programming during the pandemic due to perceived child benefits. Parent willingness to enroll their children in summer programming evolved with time and was contingent upon the successful implementation of safety precautions (e.g. outdoor activities, increased handwashing/sanitizing of surfaces). Interestingly, parents indicated low exposure (ER: Avg. 6.3 ± 3.1 Range [2-12], CR: Avg. 7.5 ± 3.6 Range [1-14]) and moderate family impact (ER: Avg. 27.1 ± 6.9 Range [20-36], CR: Avg. 33.7 ± 11.4 Range [9-48]) on the impact survey. Conclusion: Childcare organizations should mandate and evaluate the implementation of desired Covid-19 safety precautions for their patrons.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Program Evaluation ; Parents ; Child Day Care Centers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2013444-7
ISSN	1873-7870 ; 0149-7189
ISSN (online)	1873-7870
ISSN	0149-7189
DOI	10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102200
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Article ; Online: The need for synergy between biological and behavioral approaches to address accelerated weight gain during the summer in children.

Beets, Michael W / Brazendale, Keith / Weaver, R Glenn

The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity

2019 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 39

MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Obesity ; Weight Gain
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ISSN	1479-5868
ISSN (online)	1479-5868
DOI	10.1186/s12966-019-0800-y
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