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Article ; Online: State Regulatory Approaches for Dementia Care in Residential Care and Assisted Living.

Carder, Paula C

2017 Volume 57, Issue 4, Page(s) 776–786

Abstract: Purpose: This policy study analyzed states' residential care and assisted living (RC/AL) regulations for dementia care requirements. Estimates suggest that at least half of RC/AL residents have dementia, and 22% of settings provide or specialize in ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: This policy study analyzed states' residential care and assisted living (RC/AL) regulations for dementia care requirements. Estimates suggest that at least half of RC/AL residents have dementia, and 22% of settings provide or specialize in dementia care. Residents with dementia might benefit from regulations that account for specific behaviors and needs associated with dementia, making states' RC/AL regulations address dementia care an important policy topic. Design and methods: This study examined RC/AL regulations in all 50 states and the District of Columbia for regulatory requirements on five topics important to the quality of life of RC/AL residents with dementia: pre-admission assessment, consumer disclosure, staffing types and levels, administrator training, and physical environment. Results: Sixteen states license or certify dementia care units within RC/AL settings. All states had at least one dementia care requirement, though only four states had requirements for all five of the topics reviewed. Most states addressed administrator training, consumer disclosure, and physical environment, 17 addressed staffing types and levels, and 14 addressed pre-admission assessment for dementia. Thus, most states rely on general RC/AL regulations to cover dementia care policies and practices. Implications: This policy study provides a resource for researchers who do cross-state studies of dementia care in RC/AL settings and state policymakers who are updating RC/AL regulations, including those responding to a 2014 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services rule change.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	216760-8
ISSN	1758-5341 ; 0016-9013
ISSN (online)	1758-5341
ISSN	0016-9013
DOI	10.1093/geront/gnw197
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Article ; Online: Selective Axial-to-Equatorial Epimerization of Carbohydrates.

Carder, Hayden M / Wang, Yong / Wendlandt, Alison E

Journal of the American Chemical Society

2022 Volume 144, Issue 26, Page(s) 11870–11877

Abstract: ... diastereoselectivities are achieved by highly selective H atom abstraction of equatorially disposed α-hydroxy C-H bonds. ...

Abstract	Radical-mediated transformations have emerged as powerful methods for the synthesis of rare and unnatural branched, deoxygenated, and isomeric sugars. Here, we describe a radical-mediated axial-to-equatorial alcohol epimerization method to transform abundant glycans into rare isomers. The method delivers highly predictable and selective reaction outcomes that are complementary to other sugar isomerization methods. The synthetic utility of isomer interconversion is showcased through expedient glycan synthesis, including one-step glycodiversification. Mechanistic studies reveal that both site- and diastereoselectivities are achieved by highly selective H atom abstraction of equatorially disposed α-hydroxy C-H bonds.
MeSH term(s)	Carbohydrates/chemistry ; Hexoses ; Isomerism ; Polysaccharides/chemistry ; Sugars/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Carbohydrates ; Hexoses ; Polysaccharides ; Sugars
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	3155-0
ISSN	1520-5126 ; 0002-7863
ISSN (online)	1520-5126
ISSN	0002-7863
DOI	10.1021/jacs.2c04743
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Article: Selective Axial-to-Equatorial Epimerization of Carbohydrates

Carder, Hayden M. / Wang, Yong / Wendlandt, Alison E.

Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2022 June 22, v. 144, no. 26

2022

Abstract: ... diastereoselectivities are achieved by highly selective H atom abstraction of equatorially disposed α-hydroxy C–H bonds. ...

Abstract	Radical-mediated transformations have emerged as powerful methods for the synthesis of rare and unnatural branched, deoxygenated, and isomeric sugars. Here, we describe a radical-mediated axial-to-equatorial alcohol epimerization method to transform abundant glycans into rare isomers. The method delivers highly predictable and selective reaction outcomes that are complementary to other sugar isomerization methods. The synthetic utility of isomer interconversion is showcased through expedient glycan synthesis, including one-step glycodiversification. Mechanistic studies reveal that both site- and diastereoselectivities are achieved by highly selective H atom abstraction of equatorially disposed α-hydroxy C–H bonds.
Keywords	alcohols ; isomerization ; isomers ; polysaccharides ; sugars
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0622
Size	p. 11870-11877.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	3155-0
ISSN	1520-5126 ; 0002-7863
ISSN (online)	1520-5126
ISSN	0002-7863
DOI	10.1021/jacs.2c04743
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Article ; Online: Climate Change Policies and Older Adults: An Analysis of States' Climate Adaptation Plans.

Carlson, Bryant / Kohon, Jacklyn N / Carder, Paula C / Himes, Dani / Toda, Eiji / Tanaka, Katsuya

The Gerontologist

2023 Volume 64, Issue 3

Abstract: Background and objectives: As climate change drives more frequent and intense weather events, older adults face disproportionate impacts, including having the highest mortality rates from storms, wildfires, flooding, and heat waves. State governments ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: As climate change drives more frequent and intense weather events, older adults face disproportionate impacts, including having the highest mortality rates from storms, wildfires, flooding, and heat waves. State governments are critical in deploying local resources to help address climate change impacts. This policy study analyzes states' climate adaptation plans to assess the methods through which they address the impact of climate change on older adults. Research design and methods: This study uses content analysis to analyze available climate change adaptation plans for all U.S. states for strategies designed to increase the resilience of older adults to the impacts of climate change. Results: A total of 19 states have climate adaptation plans, of which 18 describe older adults as a population group with specific health impacts and risk factors. There are 4 categories of adaptation strategies for older adults that includes communications, transportation, housing, and emergency services. State plans vary in terms of the risk factors and adaptation strategies included. Discussion and implications: To varying degrees, states' climate change adaptation planning addresses health, social, and economic risks specific to older adults, as well as strategies for mitigating those risks. As global warming continues, collaborations between public and private sectors and across regions will be needed to prevent negative outcomes such as forced relocation and other social and economic disruptions as well as disparate morbidity and mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Public Health ; Climate Change ; Floods ; Policy ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	216760-8
ISSN	1758-5341 ; 0016-9013
ISSN (online)	1758-5341
ISSN	0016-9013
DOI	10.1093/geront/gnad077
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Article ; Online: Extreme Heat Vulnerability Among Older Adults: A Multilevel Risk Index for Portland, Oregon.

Kohon, Jacklyn N / Tanaka, Katsuya / Himes, Dani / Toda, Eiji / Carder, Paula C / Carlson, Bryant

The Gerontologist

2023 Volume 64, Issue 3

Abstract: Background and objectives: Extreme heat is an environmental health equity concern disproportionately affecting low-income older adults and people of color. Exposure factors, such as living in rental housing and lack of air conditioning, and sensitivity ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Extreme heat is an environmental health equity concern disproportionately affecting low-income older adults and people of color. Exposure factors, such as living in rental housing and lack of air conditioning, and sensitivity factors, such as chronic disease and social isolation, increase mortality risk among older adults. Older persons face multiple barriers to adaptive heat mitigation, particularly those living in historically temperate climates. This study measures two heat vulnerability indices to identify areas and individuals most vulnerable to extreme heat and discusses opportunities to mitigate vulnerability among older adults. Research design and methods: We constructed two heat vulnerability indices for the Portland, OR, metropolitan area: one using area scale proxy measures extracted from existing regional data and another at the individual scale using survey data collected following the 2021 Pacific Northwest Heat Dome event. These indices were analyzed using principal component analysis and Geographic Information Systems. Results: Results indicate that the spatial distribution of areas and individuals vulnerable to extreme heat are quite different. The only area found among the most vulnerable on both indices has the largest agglomeration of age- and income-restricted rental housing in the metropolitan area. Discussion and implications: Due to spatial variations in heat-related risk at the individual and area scales, measures addressing heat risk should not be spatially uniform. By focusing resources on older adult individuals and areas in particular need of assistance, heat risk management policies can be both highly efficient and cost effective.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Extreme Heat/adverse effects ; Oregon ; Hot Temperature ; Poverty ; Income
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	216760-8
ISSN	1758-5341 ; 0016-9013
ISSN (online)	1758-5341
ISSN	0016-9013
DOI	10.1093/geront/gnad074
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Article ; Online: Doula Support and Pregnancy-Related Complications and Death Among Childbearing Women in the United States: A Scoping Review.

Crawford, Allison D / Carder, Emily C / Lopez, Emme / McGlothen-Bell, Kelly

Journal of midwifery & women's health

2023 Volume 69, Issue 1, Page(s) 118–126

Abstract: Introduction: The potential benefits of perinatal doula support are many; however, doulas are underutilized, which may heighten pregnancy-related complications. In this scoping review, we assess the influence of perinatal doula support on pregnancy- ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The potential benefits of perinatal doula support are many; however, doulas are underutilized, which may heighten pregnancy-related complications. In this scoping review, we assess the influence of perinatal doula support on pregnancy-related complications and death in the United States. Methods: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Alt HealthWatch for literature on doula support and its influence on pregnancy-related complications (maternal fever or infection, postpartum hemorrhage, amniotic fluid embolism, complications from anesthesia, preeclampsia, eclampsia, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary or thrombotic embolism, and cerebrovascular accident). Peer-reviewed articles written in English and conducted in the United States from 1969 to 2021 were included. Screening at all levels was blinded. We extracted data based on title, author, year, design, population, sample size, methods, limitations, recommendations, and definition of doula support. Results: Following removal of duplicates, review of 3679 article titles and abstracts yielded 42 articles for full-text review; 3 articles met final inclusion criteria. One included study focused on intrapartum doula support and 2 on doula support that extended throughout the perinatal period. Within the included studies, doula support was associated with decreased rates of intrapartum maternal fever and gestational hypertension; however, it was not associated with decreased rates of gestational diabetes or depression. Discussion: The literature has addressed the benefits of perinatal doula support, but studies with validated tools to examine associations between doula support and pregnancy-related complications and death are lacking. The studies that addressed intrapartum and continuous doula care included large generalizable samples, from which future research can draw to improve the practice of caring for patients during the perinatal period. Extensive research shows that unfavorable conditions can influence perinatal outcomes across generations. Implementing doula support may offer a potential approach to reduce and help alleviate resulting disparities in perinatal health.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; United States ; Female ; Humans ; Doulas ; Pregnancy Complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2008180-7
ISSN	1542-2011 ; 1526-9523
ISSN (online)	1542-2011
ISSN	1526-9523
DOI	10.1111/jmwh.13543
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Article ; Online: A Unified Strategy to Access 2- and 4-Deoxygenated Sugars Enabled by Manganese-Promoted 1,2-Radical Migration.

Carder, Hayden M / Suh, Carolyn E / Wendlandt, Alison E

Journal of the American Chemical Society

2021 Volume 143, Issue 34, Page(s) 13798–13805

Abstract: ... nearly chemically indistinguishable O-H and C-H bonds. As a result, protecting-group-based synthetic ...

Abstract	The selective manipulation of carbohydrate scaffolds is challenging due to the presence of multiple, nearly chemically indistinguishable O-H and C-H bonds. As a result, protecting-group-based synthetic strategies are typically necessary for carbohydrate modification. Here we report a concise semisynthetic strategy to access diverse 2- and 4-deoxygenated carbohydrates without relying on the exhaustive use of protecting groups to achieve site-selective reaction outcomes. Our approach leverages a Mn
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	3155-0
ISSN	1520-5126 ; 0002-7863
ISSN (online)	1520-5126
ISSN	0002-7863
DOI	10.1021/jacs.1c05993
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Article: State regulatory approaches for dementia care in residential care and assisted living

Carder, Paula C.

The Gerontologist

2017 Volume 57, Issue 4, Page(s) 776

Keywords	Alter. ; Demenz ; Pflege ; Pflegeheim ; Lebensqualität
Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	216760-8
ISSN	1758-5341 ; 0016-9013
ISSN (online)	1758-5341
ISSN	0016-9013
Database	bibnet.org

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Article ; Online: Discordant nodal staging identifies intermediate-risk group for overall survival in patients with cT3 oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Carder, Charles / Fielding, Patrick / Roberts, Ashley / Foley, Kieran

European radiology

2020 Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) 3429–3437

Abstract: ... concordant node-negative (C-ve), discordant (DC), and concordant node-positive (C+ve) patients were analysed ...

Abstract	Objectives: Oesophageal adenocarcinoma has a poor prognosis and relies on multi-modality assessment for accurate nodal staging. The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic significance of nodal concordance between PET/CT and EUS in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods: Consecutive patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma staged between 2010 and 2016 were included. Groups comprising concordant node-negative (C-ve), discordant (DC), and concordant node-positive (C+ve) patients were analysed. Survival analysis using log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards model was performed. The primary outcome was overall survival. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In total, 310 patients (median age = 66.0; interquartile range 59.5-72.5, males = 264) were included. The median overall survival was 23.0 months (95% confidence intervals (CI) 18.73-27.29). There was a significant difference in overall survival between concordance groups (X Conclusions: Patients with discordant nodal staging on PET/CT and EUS represent an intermediate-risk group for overall survival. This finding was consistent in patients with cT3 tumours. These findings will assist optimum treatment decisions based upon perceived prognosis for each patient. Key points: • Clinicians are commonly faced with results of discordant nodal staging in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. • There is a significant difference in overall survival between patients with negative, discordant, and positive lymph node staging. • Patients with discordant lymph node staging between imaging modalities represent an intermediate-risk group for overall survival.
MeSH term(s)	Adenocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Aged ; Endosonography ; Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Assessment ; Survival Rate
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-13
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1085366-2
ISSN	1432-1084 ; 0938-7994 ; 1613-3749
ISSN (online)	1432-1084
ISSN	0938-7994 ; 1613-3749
DOI	10.1007/s00330-019-06642-6
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Article ; Online: "This 'Family Setting' Is Not that Anymore": Rewards and Challenges of Adult Foster Home Owners.

Elliott, Sheryl / Dys, Sarah / Carder, Paula C / Winfree, Jaclyn

Journal of aging & social policy

2021 Volume 34, Issue 6, Page(s) 938–954

Abstract: Small residential care settings for older adults and people with disabilities are found throughout the United States. Those with fewer than 25 residents account for half of residential care settings. Adult foster homes (AFH) are under-studied although ... ...

Abstract	Small residential care settings for older adults and people with disabilities are found throughout the United States. Those with fewer than 25 residents account for half of residential care settings. Adult foster homes (AFH) are under-studied although they provide personal and health-related services to residents, including people with Alzheimer's disease. This qualitative study collected data from 726 AFH owners over four years. Results provide a contemporary perspective on owners' experience of the rewards and challenges of operating a small home. These results are relevant since many residents prefer small settings, and because federal regulatory changes affect AFH policies and practices.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; Aged ; Qualitative Research ; Reward
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1046396-3
ISSN	1545-0821 ; 0895-9420
ISSN (online)	1545-0821
ISSN	0895-9420
DOI	10.1080/08959420.2021.1926204
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