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Article: Economic evaluation alongside n-of-1 trials: getting closer to the margin.

Karnon, J / Qizilbash, N

2001 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 79–82

Abstract: The n-of-1 trial is a particularly flexible form of randomized controlled trial that involves ... a single patient receiving multiple episodes of alternative therapies. Although n-of-1 trials are only ... advantages. This paper illustrates the issues around the use of economic n-of-1 trials with a hypothetical ...

Abstract	The n-of-1 trial is a particularly flexible form of randomized controlled trial that involves a single patient receiving multiple episodes of alternative therapies. Although n-of-1 trials are only applicable in certain treatment areas, the collection of economic data within such trials may provide unique advantages. This paper illustrates the issues around the use of economic n-of-1 trials with a hypothetical example, and discusses their potential for the estimation of individualized cost-effectiveness.
MeSH term(s)	Acetaminophen/economics ; Acetaminophen/therapeutic use ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/economics ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/therapeutic use ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/economics ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease/economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis/statistics & numerical data ; Episode of Care ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy ; Osteoarthritis/economics ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods ; Sample Size
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Acetaminophen (362O9ITL9D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-01-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1135838-5
ISSN	1057-9230
ISSN	1057-9230
DOI	10.1002/1099-1050(200101)10:1<79::aid-hec567>3.0.co;2-z
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Article: Validity of Routine Health Data To Identify Safety Outcomes of Interest For Covid-19 Vaccines and Therapeutics in the Context of the Emerging Pandemic: A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Andresen, Kirsty / Hinojosa-Campos, Marina / Podmore, Bélène / Drysdale, Myriam / Qizilbash, Nawab / Cunnington, Marianne

Drug, healthcare and patient safety

2024 Volume 16, Page(s) 1–17

Abstract: ... supported by the highest number of validation studies (n=17). Accurate algorithms are available ...

Abstract	Introduction: Regulatory guidance encourages transparent reporting of information on the quality and validity of electronic health record data being used to generate real-world benefit-risk evidence for vaccines and therapeutics. We aimed to provide an overview of the availability of validated diagnostic algorithms for selected safety endpoints for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and therapeutics in the context of the emerging pandemic prior to December 2020. Methods: We reviewed the literature up to December 2020 to identify validation studies for various safety events of interest, including myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, myocarditis, acute cardiac injury, vasculitis/vasculopathy, venous thromboembolism, stroke, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), pneumonitis, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and renal failure. We included studies published between 2015 and 2020 that were considered high quality assessed with QUADAS and that reported positive predictive values (PPVs). Results: Out of 43 identified studies, we found that diagnostic algorithms for cardiovascular outcomes were supported by the highest number of validation studies (n=17). Accurate algorithms are available for myocardial infarction (median PPV 80%; IQR 22%), arrhythmia (PPV range >70%), venous thromboembolism (median PPV: 73%) and ischaemic stroke (PPV range ≥85%). We found a lack of validation studies for less common respiratory and cardiac safety outcomes of interest (eg, pneumonitis and myocarditis), as well as for COVID-specific complications (CRS, RDS). Conclusion: There is a need for better understanding of barriers to conducting validation studies, including data governance restrictions. Regulatory guidance should promote embedding validation within real-world EHR research used for decision-making.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-03
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2520700-3
ISSN	1179-1365
ISSN	1179-1365
DOI	10.2147/DHPS.S415292
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Article ; Online: Validity of Routine Health Data To Identify Safety Outcomes of Interest For Covid-19 Vaccines and Therapeutics in the Context of the Emerging Pandemic

Andresen K / Hinojosa-Campos M / Podmore B / Drysdale M / Qizilbash N / Cunnington M

Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety, Vol Volume 16, Pp 1-

A Comprehensive Literature Review

2024 Volume 17

Abstract: ... of validation studies (n=17). Accurate algorithms are available for myocardial infarction (median PPV 80%; IQR 22 ... Kirsty Andresen,1,2 Marina Hinojosa-Campos,3 Bélène Podmore,1– 3 Myriam Drysdale,4 Nawab Qizilbash ...

Abstract	Kirsty Andresen,1,2 Marina Hinojosa-Campos,3 Bélène Podmore,1– 3 Myriam Drysdale,4 Nawab Qizilbash,1– 3 Marianne Cunnington4,5 1OXON Epidemiology, London, UK; 2London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; 3OXON Epidemiology, Madrid, Spain; 4GlaxoSmithKline, Middlesex, UK; 5Analysis Group, London, UKCorrespondence: Kirsty Andresen, Email Kirsty.andresen@oxonepi.comIntroduction: Regulatory guidance encourages transparent reporting of information on the quality and validity of electronic health record data being used to generate real-world benefit-risk evidence for vaccines and therapeutics. We aimed to provide an overview of the availability of validated diagnostic algorithms for selected safety endpoints for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and therapeutics in the context of the emerging pandemic prior to December 2020.Methods: We reviewed the literature up to December 2020 to identify validation studies for various safety events of interest, including myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, myocarditis, acute cardiac injury, vasculitis/vasculopathy, venous thromboembolism, stroke, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), pneumonitis, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and renal failure. We included studies published between 2015 and 2020 that were considered high quality assessed with QUADAS and that reported positive predictive values (PPVs).Results: Out of 43 identified studies, we found that diagnostic algorithms for cardiovascular outcomes were supported by the highest number of validation studies (n=17). Accurate algorithms are available for myocardial infarction (median PPV 80%; IQR 22%), arrhythmia (PPV range > 70%), venous thromboembolism (median PPV: 73%) and ischaemic stroke (PPV range ≥ 85%). We found a lack of validation studies for less common respiratory and cardiac safety outcomes of interest (eg, pneumonitis and myocarditis), as well as for COVID-specific complications (CRS, RDS).Conclusion: There is a need for better understanding of ...
Keywords	validation ; routine health data ; covid-19 ; safety ; vaccines ; outcomes ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	690
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Dove Medical Press
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Incidence of pneumococcal disease from 2003 to 2019 in children ≤17 years in England.

Mohanty, Salini / Podmore, Bélène / Cuñado Moral, Ana / Matthews, Ian / Sarpong, Eric / Lacetera, Alessandra / Qizilbash, Nawab

Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.)

2023 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 2

Abstract: Background: Pneumococcal disease is a leading cause of communicable disease morbidity and mortality globally. We aimed to estimate invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) and all-cause pneumonia (ACP) incidence rates (IRs) in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pneumococcal disease is a leading cause of communicable disease morbidity and mortality globally. We aimed to estimate invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) and all-cause pneumonia (ACP) incidence rates (IRs) in children aged 0-17 years in England from 2003 to 2019. Methods: A retrospective study in children ≤17 years old from 2003 to 2019 using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Gold and Hospital Episodes Statistics Admitted Patient Care (HES APC) databases. IPD episodes were identified in hospital records (HES APC). PP (caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae only) and ACP episodes (caused by any pathogen) were identified in primary care (CPRD) and in hospital records (HES APC). Annual IRs by age-group were calculated as the number of episodes/person-years (PY) at risk, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Interrupted time series analyses were conducted to assess changes in IRs across the post-PCV7 (2007-2009), early post-PCV13 (2011-2014) and late post-PCV13 (2015-2019) periods compared to the pre-PCV7 period (2003-2005) using generalized linear models. Results: 170 IPD episodes, 769 PP episodes and 12,142 ACP episodes were identified in 1,500,686 children in 2003-2019. The overall IPD, PP and ACP IRs (per 100,000 PY) were 2.29 (95% CI 1.96-2.66), 10.34 (95% CI 9.62-11.10) and 163.37 (95% CI 160.47-166.30), respectively. The highest IPD, PP and ACP IRs were observed in children aged < 2 years compared to older children (2-4 and 5-17 years). IPD IRs decreased between the pre-PCV7 period and the late post-PCV13 period from 3.28 (95% CI 2.42-4.33) to 1.41 (95% CI 0.80-2.29), IRR 0.28 (95% CI 0.09-0.90), p-value 0.033. PP IRs declined between the pre-PCV7 period and the late post-PCV13 period from 14.65 (95% CI 12.77-16.72) to 3.87 (95% CI 2.81-5.20), IRR 0.19 (95% CI 0.09-0.38), p-value < 0.001. ACP IRs declined between the pre-PCV7 period and the late post-PCV13 period from 167.28 (95% CI 160.78-173.96) to 124.96 (95% CI 118.54-131.63), IRR 0.77 (95% CI 0.66-0.88), p-value < 0.001. Conclusions: The clinical burden of IPD, PP and ACP declined in children in England aged 0-17 years between 2003 and 2019, especially in the late post-PCV13 period. This study highlights the importance of PCV vaccination in reducing the burden of PD and ACP in children in England.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2803296-2
ISSN	2200-6133
ISSN	2200-6133
DOI	10.1186/s41479-022-00103-3
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Article: Healthcare resource utilization and cost of pneumococcal disease in children in Germany, 2014-2019: a retrospective cohort study.

Hu, Tianyan / Podmore, Bélène / Barnett, Rosemarie / Beier, Dominik / Galetzka, Wolfgang / Qizilbash, Nawab / Heckl, Dennis / Boellinger, Timo / Weaver, Jessica

Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.)

2023 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 7

Abstract: Background: Since the introduction of higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in 2009, recent estimates on the economic burden of pediatric pneumococcal disease (PD) in Germany have been lacking. This study estimates healthcare resource ... ...

Abstract	Background: Since the introduction of higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in 2009, recent estimates on the economic burden of pediatric pneumococcal disease (PD) in Germany have been lacking. This study estimates healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and medical cost associated with PDs in children < 16 years old in Germany from 2014-2019. Methods: A nationally representative sample from the Institute for Applied Health Research (InGef) German claims database was used, covering approximately 5% of the total German population. Episodes of pneumococcal pneumonia (PP), all-cause pneumonia (ACP), invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), and acute otitis media (AOM) in children aged < 16 years were identified using ICD-10-GM codes. HCRU was estimated from annual rates of outpatient visits, outpatient antibiotic prescriptions and inpatient admissions, divided by person-years (PY) at-risk. Average direct medical costs per episode were estimated as the total cost of all HCRU, divided by the total number of episodes. The Mann-Kendall test was used to assess monotonic time trends from 2014-2019. Results: During 2014-2019, 916,805 children aged < 16 years were followed up for a total of 3,608,716 PY. The average costs per episode for out-versus inpatient care associated with PP and ACP were €67 (95% CI 58-76) versus €2,606 (95% CI 1,338-3,873), and €63 (95% CI 62-63) versus €620 (95% CI 598-641), respectively. For IPD, the average medical cost per episode for out-versus inpatients were €30 (95% CI 19-42) versus €6,051 (95% CI 3,323-8,779), respectively. There were no significant trends in HCRU or costs for IPD or pneumonia over the study period, except for a significant reduction in ACP outpatient visits. A significant decrease in rate of outpatient visits and antibiotic prescribing for recurrent AOM was observed, in addition to an increase in rates of hospital admissions for simple AOM. This was paralleled by a significant increase in inpatient costs per episode for treating AOM overall, and simple AOM, over the study period. Conclusions: The HCRU and cost per episode of pneumonia and IPD did not vary significantly from 2014-2019, but increased for AOM. The economic burden of pneumonia, IPD, and AOM remains substantial in Germany.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2803296-2
ISSN	2200-6133
ISSN	2200-6133
DOI	10.1186/s41479-023-00105-9
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Article ; Online: Healthcare resource utilisation and cost of pneumococcal disease from 2003 to 2019 in children ≤17 years in England.

Mohanty, Salini / Podmore, Bélène / Cuñado Moral, Ana / Matthews, Ian / Sarpong, Eric / Azpeitia, Agueda / Qizilbash, Nawab

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) e0283084

Abstract: Objective: To estimate healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and costs associated with pneumococcal disease (PD) in children aged ≤17 years in England from 2003-2019.: Methods: A retrospective study in children aged ≤17 years was conducted using the ...

Abstract	Objective: To estimate healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and costs associated with pneumococcal disease (PD) in children aged ≤17 years in England from 2003-2019. Methods: A retrospective study in children aged ≤17 years was conducted using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold primary care database and Hospital Episodes Statistics Admitted Patient Care database from 2003-2019. Episodes of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) were identified in hospital, pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) and all-cause pneumonia (ACP) episodes in primary care and in hospital, and acute otitis media (AOM) episodes in primary care. General practitioner (GP) visits and inpatient admission yearly rates were calculated per 1,000 persons. The average inpatient and primary care cost per episode were calculated. The Mann-Kendall test was used to assess monotonic time trends. Results: 1,500,686 children were followed from 2003-2019. The highest average inpatient cost per episode [£34,255 (95%CI 27,222-41,288)] was in IPD, followed by ACP [£3,549 (95%CI 3,405-3,693)] and PP [£1,498 (95%CI 1,153-1,843)]. The highest primary care costs per episode were in AOM [£48.7 (95%CI 48.7-48.7)], followed by PP [£38.4 (95%CI 37.0-39.7)] and ACP [£28.6 (95%CI 28.2-29.1)]. The highest inpatient admission and GP visits yearly rates were observed in children aged <2 years. Across years, a significant decrease in GP visits yearly rates was observed for PP, ACP and AOM in children overall (p-value<0.001). A decrease in primary care costs was observed for ACP (p-value<0.001). There was an increasing trend in AOM primary care costs (p-value<0.001). No significant trends were observed in inpatient admission yearly rates in PP, ACP or IPD and inpatient costs per episode in PP, ACP and IPD. Conclusion: From 2003-2019, primary care HCRU and costs decreased (except for PP cost), but no trends in inpatient HCRU and costs were observed. The economic burden of pneumonia, IPD and AOM remains substantial in children aged ≤17 years in England.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Infant ; Retrospective Studies ; Pneumococcal Infections/complications ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Otitis Media ; England ; Pneumococcal Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Pneumococcal Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0283084
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Article ; Online: Incidence of acute otitis media from 2003 to 2019 in children ≤ 17 years in England.

Mohanty, Salini / Podmore, Bélène / Cuñado Moral, Ana / Weiss, Thomas / Matthews, Ian / Sarpong, Eric / Méndez, Ignacio / Qizilbash, Nawab

BMC public health

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 201

Abstract: Background: The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in 2006 and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2010 in the UK. PCVs are active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease, pneumonia and acute ... ...

Abstract	Background: The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in 2006 and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2010 in the UK. PCVs are active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease, pneumonia and acute otitis media (AOM) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children. The aim of this observational study was to estimate incidence rates (IRs) of AOM in children ≤17 years from 2003 to 2019 in England, before and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). Methods: AOM episodes were identified using Read diagnosis codes in children aged ≤17 years in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Gold database from 2003 to 2019. Annual IRs with 95% confidence intervals (CI) by age group were calculated as the number of episodes/person-years (PY) at risk. Interrupted time series analyses were conducted to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) across post-PCV7 (2007-2009), early post-PCV13 (2011-2014) and late post-PCV13 (2015-2019) periods compared to the pre-PCV7 period (2003-2005) using generalized linear models. Results: From 2003 to 2019, 274,008 all-cause AOM episodes were identified in 1,500,686 children. The overall AOM IR was 3690.9 (95% CI 3677.1-3704.8) per 100,000 PY. AOM IRs were highest in children aged < 5 years and decreased by age; < 2 years: 8286.7 (95% CI 8216.8-8357.1); 2-4 years: 7951.8 (95% CI 7902.5-8001.4); 5-17 years: 2184.4 (95% CI 2172.1-2196.8) (per 100,000 PY). Overall AOM IRs declined by 40.3% between the pre-PCV7 period and the late-PCV13 period from 4451.9 (95% CI 4418.1-4485.9) to 2658.5 (95% CI 2628.6-2688.7) per 100,000 PY, and across all age groups. IRRs indicated a significant decrease in AOM IRs in all the post-vaccination periods, compared to the pre-PCV7 period: post-PCV7 0.87 (95% CI 0.85-0.89), early post-PCV13 0.88 (95% CI 0.86-0.91), and late post-PCV13 0.75 (95% CI 0.73-0.78). Conclusions: The AOM IRs declined during the 2003-2019 period; however, the clinical burden of AOM remains substantial among children ≤17 years in England.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Incidence ; Vaccines, Conjugate ; Otitis Media/epidemiology ; Otitis Media/prevention & control ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; England/epidemiology ; Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Vaccines, Conjugate ; Pneumococcal Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-023-14982-8
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Article: Risk Minimisation Evaluation with Process Indicators and Behavioural or Health Outcomes in Europe: Systematic Review.

Artime, Esther / Qizilbash, Nawab / Herruzo, Rafael / Garrido-Estepa, Macarena

Pharmaceutical medicine

2020 Volume 34, Issue 6, Page(s) 387–400

Abstract: ... Nineteen studies included process indicators that were receipt (n = 14), use (n = 12), knowledge (n = 17 ... and self-reported behaviour (n = 15). Regarding outcomes, 67% of the 18 RMEv evaluated behavioural ...

Abstract	Background: European Pharmacovigilance regulatory guidance recommends the evaluation of additional risk minimisation measures (aRMMs) with process indicators and outcomes. Evaluation of both measures within the same evaluation helps to establish the relationship between the implementation of aRMMs (across process indicators) and the impact on drug safety-related outcomes. The term risk minimisation evaluation (RMEv) was used to describe a study or group of studies that assesses the effectiveness of aRMMs for one specific product. Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to describe the characteristics and results of RMEv that include both process indicators and outcomes as well as those of studies that conform the RMEv in Europe. Methods: We conducted a systematic search in the European Union Register of Post-Authorization Studies, PubMed and grey literature (Google and abstracts of the International Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology and Therapeutic Risk Management) to identify studies that assessed the effectiveness of aRMMs including at least one European country, from 1 January, 2011 to 12 October, 2019. Identified studies linked to one product were considered part of the product RMEv. Only RMEv that included both process indicators and outcomes (behavioural and/or health/safety outcomes) were eligible. Data were abstracted from reports, manuscripts and abstracts. Results: Eighteen of 102 (18%) RMEv had both process indicators and outcomes, and were included in this review. Of the 18 RMEv, ten consisted of one study only, five of two studies, and three of three or more studies. A total of 30 studies were included within the 18 RMEv. The designs of the studies were: 19 (63%) cross-sectional surveys (47% targeted patients and 89% healthcare professionals), 17 (57%) retrospective studies (47% using pre/post approach) and 3 (10%) prospective studies. Nineteen studies included process indicators that were receipt (n = 14), use (n = 12), knowledge (n = 17) and self-reported behaviour (n = 15). Regarding outcomes, 67% of the 18 RMEv evaluated behavioural outcomes and 50% health/safety outcomes. Three of the 18 RMEv evaluated both behavioural and health/safety outcomes. For five RMEv, correlations between process indicators and outcomes were performed, two at the patient level. Results were available for 14 of the 18 RMEv. In healthcare professional surveys, the median percentage was 57% for receipt, 92% for reading, 80% for use, 77% for knowledge and 74% for behaviour. In patient surveys, the median percentage was 56% for receipt, 87% for reading, 65% for use, 47% for knowledge and 69% for behaviour. Knowledge was better in healthcare professionals than patients (p < 0.05). Of the three RMEv with a correlation analysis, only one found a positive trend for a lower occurrence of outcomes as process indicators improved, though this was not statistically significant. Conclusions: A minority of RMEv assessed both process indicators and outcomes. More RMEv require approaches that correlate process indicators and outcomes at the patient level to evaluate more comprehensively the implementation of aRMMs.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Allied Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data ; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ; Cross-Sectional Studies/statistics & numerical data ; Europe/epidemiology ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Knowledge ; Middle Aged ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care/trends ; Pharmacoepidemiology/methods ; Pharmacovigilance ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Management/methods ; Safety ; Self Report/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-03
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2415165-8
ISSN	1179-1993 ; 1178-2595
ISSN (online)	1179-1993
ISSN	1178-2595
DOI	10.1007/s40290-020-00361-w
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Article ; Online: Raised blood pressure and risk of dementia.

Gregson, John / Qizilbash, Nawab / Pocock, Stuart

European heart journal

2019 Volume 40, Issue 9, Page(s) 785–786

MeSH term(s)	Age Factors ; Aged ; Dementia/diagnosis ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603098-1
ISSN	1522-9645 ; 0195-668X
ISSN (online)	1522-9645
ISSN	0195-668X
DOI	10.1093/eurheartj/ehy912
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Article ; Online: Exaggerated benefits of rosuvastatin compared with other statins.

Qizilbash, Nawab

Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety

2009 Volume 18, Issue 5, Page(s) 425–426

MeSH term(s)	Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; Fluorobenzenes/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines/therapeutic use ; Rosuvastatin Calcium ; Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Fluorobenzenes ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Pyrimidines ; Sulfonamides ; Rosuvastatin Calcium (83MVU38M7Q)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Letter
ZDB-ID	1099748-9
ISSN	1099-1557 ; 1053-8569
ISSN (online)	1099-1557
ISSN	1053-8569
DOI	10.1002/pds.1728
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