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Article ; Online: Science on the mind: Examining question ordering effects when asking about science on large-scale surveys.

Mackey, Cameron D / Rios, Kimberly / Scheitle, Christopher P / Corcoran, Katie E / DiGregorio, Bernard D

Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)

2024 , Page(s) 9636625241237748

Abstract: ... to which question ordering (i.e. presenting questions about science before questions about religion or ...

Abstract	Previous research has examined people's attitudes toward science and scientists, highlighting how religious identities, beliefs, or behavior shapes these attitudes. However, survey design choices have been previously shown to influence individuals' attitudes toward religion and science. We investigated the extent to which question ordering (i.e. presenting questions about science before questions about religion or the paranormal) in a large-scale survey would influence respondents' attitudes toward science and religion. Utilizing an experimental design, we found that responding to science questions first led to (1) more interest in science, (2) more confidence in the scientific community, (3) increased agreement that science is a way of knowing truth, (4) more confidence in responding to science knowledge items, (5) more agreement to scientific statements, and (6) more trust in scientists. We discuss the implications of question ordering when analyzing attitudes toward science and religion within the same surveys and future directions for research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1421272-9
ISSN	1361-6609 ; 0963-6625
ISSN (online)	1361-6609
ISSN	0963-6625
DOI	10.1177/09636625241237748
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Pathways to Immunity: Patterns of Excess Death Across the United States and Within Closed Religious Communities.

Stein, Rachel E / Colyer, Corey J / Corcoran, Katie E / Mackay, Annette M

Journal of religion and health

2023 Volume 62, Issue 4, Page(s) 2820–2835

Abstract: Public health officials promoted COVID-19 vaccines to limit burdens placed on the U.S. healthcare system and end the pandemic. People in some closed religious communities refused to vaccinate and likely acquired temporary immunity through infection. This ...

Abstract	Public health officials promoted COVID-19 vaccines to limit burdens placed on the U.S. healthcare system and end the pandemic. People in some closed religious communities refused to vaccinate and likely acquired temporary immunity through infection. This paper compares the death rates in Amish, Old Order Mennonites, and conservative Mennonite groups to a rate estimated for the U.S. population. Approximately two-thirds of the U.S. population was immunized against COVID-19, while few in the Amish/Mennonite community were. We find divergent patterns. Once vaccines became available, excess deaths declined in the general population and remained elevated among Amish and Mennonites. Vaccination campaigns must consider and value the cultural beliefs of closed religious communities to be effective.
MeSH term(s)	United States/epidemiology ; Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Amish ; Protestantism
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2017250-3
ISSN	1573-6571 ; 0022-4197
ISSN (online)	1573-6571
ISSN	0022-4197
DOI	10.1007/s10943-023-01838-z
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Article ; Online: Correction to: Closed but Not Protected: Excess Deaths Among the Amish and Mennonites During the COVID‑19 Pandemic.

Stein, Rachel E / Corcoran, Katie E / Colyer, Corey J / Mackay, Annette M / Guthrie, Sara K

Journal of religion and health

2022 Volume 61, Issue 2, Page(s) 1766

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2017250-3
ISSN	1573-6571 ; 0022-4197
ISSN (online)	1573-6571
ISSN	0022-4197
DOI	10.1007/s10943-022-01530-8
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Article: Individuals' Use of Religion in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic as Complementary to Their Use of Medically Recommended Responses.

Corcoran, Katie E / Scheitle, Christopher P / DiGregorio, Bernard D

Journal for the scientific study of religion

2022 Volume 61, Issue 2, Page(s) 293–313

Abstract: Many individuals have engaged in behaviors to cope with and mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, including mask wearing and physical distancing. This study considers the extent to which individuals have also engaged in religious behaviors in response to the ... ...

Abstract	Many individuals have engaged in behaviors to cope with and mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, including mask wearing and physical distancing. This study considers the extent to which individuals have also engaged in religious behaviors in response to the pandemic and how those responses are associated with behaviors like mask wearing. Using data from a probability survey of U.S. adults, our analysis finds that over half of the respondents have engaged in pandemic-related prayer and about one-fifth have taken other religious steps in response to the pandemic, such as reading religious texts or carrying religious items for protection. All else being equal, Republicans are significantly less likely to have undertaken religious steps in response to the pandemic relative to Democrats, suggesting that the politicized nature of the pandemic influences religious responses as well. The analysis also finds that religious responses to the pandemic-especially prayer-are positively associated with mask wearing and physical distancing. These findings suggest that religious responses to the pandemic are not inherently opposed to undertaking responses recommended by scientific and medical authorities.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2024375-3
ISSN	1468-5906 ; 0021-8294
ISSN (online)	1468-5906
ISSN	0021-8294
DOI	10.1111/jssr.12783
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Article: 'God will protect us': Belief in God/Higher Power's ability to intervene and COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

DiGregorio, Bernard D / Corcoran, Katie E / Scheitle, Christopher P

Review of religious research

2022 Volume 64, Issue 3, Page(s) 475–495

Abstract: Background: Vaccines represent one of the best ways to counter the COVID-19 pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy among the population limits the effectiveness of vaccines. Recent research has explored the role of religion in vaccine hesitancy, but in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Vaccines represent one of the best ways to counter the COVID-19 pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy among the population limits the effectiveness of vaccines. Recent research has explored the role of religion in vaccine hesitancy, but in doing so has encountered a "black box" problem. There is a relationship between religion and vaccine hesitancy, but the explanation for why remains unclear. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between religion and vaccine hesitancy. We propose that how an individual conceptualizes God/a higher power is associated with getting vaccinated for COVID-19. Methods: We use data from a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults, collected using the Amerispeak® probability-based panel via the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago. We examine the association between individuals' views of God/a higher power as both a supervisory and an intervening figure on vaccine uptake and likelihood of getting vaccinated through logistic regressions. Results: We find that belief in God's/a higher power's supervision is not significantly associated with the odds of COVID-19 vaccine uptake or vaccination intent. However, belief in God's/a higher power's ability to intervene in the world is significantly and negatively associated with the odds of COVID-19 vaccine uptake and the odds of having received or planning to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, in models where belief in the ability of God/a higher power to intervene are included, Christian nationalism ceases to have a statistically significant association with intent to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions and implications: These findings suggest that how individuals conceptualize God/a higher power is associated with their willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine. Given this, those who see God/a higher power as more involved in the world may contribute to delays in achieving herd immunity. This information benefits those working on vaccination campaigns in understanding the beliefs of some of those who are most hesitant to get vaccinated. In addition, this intervention mechanism could also mediate other negative relationships between religion and other science and health-related concerns.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2100833-4
ISSN	2211-4866 ; 0034-673X
ISSN (online)	2211-4866
ISSN	0034-673X
DOI	10.1007/s13644-022-00495-0
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Article ; Online: Thinkers and feelers: Emotion and giving.

Corcoran, Katie E

Social science research

2015 Volume 52, Page(s) 686–700

Abstract: Voluntary organizations, such as religious congregations, ask their members to contribute money as a part of membership and rely on these contributions for their survival. Yet often only a small cadre of members provides the majority of the contributions. ...

Abstract	Voluntary organizations, such as religious congregations, ask their members to contribute money as a part of membership and rely on these contributions for their survival. Yet often only a small cadre of members provides the majority of the contributions. Past research on congregational giving focuses on cognitive rational processes, generally neglecting the role of emotion. Extending Collins' (2004) interaction ritual theory, I predict that individuals who experience positive emotions during religious services will be more likely to give a higher proportion of their income to their congregation than those who do not. Moreover, I argue that this effect will be amplified in congregational contexts characterized by high aggregate levels of positive emotion, strictness, dense congregational networks, and expressive rituals. Using data from the 2001 U.S. Congregational Life Survey and multilevel modeling, I find support for several of these hypotheses. The findings suggest that both cognitive and emotional processes underlie congregational giving.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cognition ; Emotions ; Female ; Financial Support ; Gift Giving ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motivation ; Religion ; Thinking ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1096-0317
ISSN (online)	1096-0317
DOI	10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.10.008
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Article ; Online: COVID-19 Skepticism in Relation to Other Forms of Science Skepticism

Christopher P. Scheitle / Katie E. Corcoran

Socius, Vol

2021 Volume 7

Abstract: Efforts to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have encountered skepticism among the public, but COVID-19 is not the only medical or scientific issue that receives such skepticism. How does COVID-19 skepticism relate to other forms ... ...

Abstract	Efforts to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have encountered skepticism among the public, but COVID-19 is not the only medical or scientific issue that receives such skepticism. How does COVID-19 skepticism relate to other forms of science skepticism? Using new data from a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults, this study reveals that skepticism toward COVID-19 is similar to patterns of skepticism toward vaccines in general and, more interestingly, skepticism toward climate change. Patterns of skepticism toward evolution and genetically modified foods are more distinct from COVID-19 skepticism. Notably, even after accounting for other forms of science skepticism, political conservatism is significantly associated with greater skepticism toward COVID-19. Finally, contrary to some media narratives, the analysis reveals few racial or ethnic differences in skepticism toward COVID-19, and the differences that do exist indicate less skepticism among Black and Asian individuals relative to White individuals.
Keywords	Social Sciences ; H ; Sociology (General) ; HM401-1281
Subject code	100
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Rituals of Contagion in Closed Religious Communities: A Case Study of Amish and Mennonite Communities in the USA During the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Corcoran, Katie E / Stein, Rachel E / Colyer, Corey J / Guthrie, Sara K / Mackay, Annette M

Journal of religion and health

2022 Volume 61, Issue 5, Page(s) 4260–4281

Abstract: At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, government and medical guidelines emphasized social distancing to limit exposure. These guidelines significantly impacted closed religious communities, particularly those opposed to modern technologies, such as ... ...

Abstract	At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, government and medical guidelines emphasized social distancing to limit exposure. These guidelines significantly impacted closed religious communities, particularly those opposed to modern technologies, such as Amish and Mennonite communities. How did these religious communities respond to COVID-19 policies in the USA? We draw data from Ohio and Pennsylvania scribe entries published in an Amish/Mennonite correspondence newspaper. While some of these communities altered church rituals to comply with government directives, others maintained communal worship without disruption. Mennonite communities were more likely to conform to guidelines.
MeSH term(s)	Amish ; COVID-19 ; Ceremonial Behavior ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pennsylvania
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2017250-3
ISSN	1573-6571 ; 0022-4197
ISSN (online)	1573-6571
ISSN	0022-4197
DOI	10.1007/s10943-022-01615-4
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Article ; Online: Christian nationalism and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake.

Corcoran, Katie E / Scheitle, Christopher P / DiGregorio, Bernard D

Vaccine

2021 Volume 39, Issue 45, Page(s) 6614–6621

Abstract: Understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake is vital for informing public health interventions. Prior U.S. research has found that religious conservatism is positively associated with anti-vaccine attitudes. One of the strongest predictors of ... ...

Abstract	Understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake is vital for informing public health interventions. Prior U.S. research has found that religious conservatism is positively associated with anti-vaccine attitudes. One of the strongest predictors of anti-vaccine attitudes in the U.S. is Christian nationalism-a U.S. cultural ideology that wants civic life to be permeated by their particular form of nationalist Christianity. However, there are no studies examining the relationship between Christian nationalism and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake. Using a new nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, we find that Christian nationalism is one of the strongest predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and is negatively associated with having received or planning to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Since Christian nationalists make up approximately 20 percent of the population, these findings could have important implications for achieving herd immunity.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Christianity ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccines
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.074
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Article: Eating Your Cake and Having it Too: US Megachurches and Factors Associated with Attending Multiple Congregations.

Corcoran, Katie E / House-Niamke, Stephanie M / Bird, Warren / Thumma, Scott L

Review of religious research

2022 Volume 64, Issue 4, Page(s) 807–828

Abstract: Background: It is typically assumed in the social scientific study of religion that individuals attend one congregation or none. As such, there is scarce research on individuals who attend more than one congregation yet doing so may affect ... ...

Abstract	Background: It is typically assumed in the social scientific study of religion that individuals attend one congregation or none. As such, there is scarce research on individuals who attend more than one congregation yet doing so may affect congregational participation. Purpose: This study theorizes factors affecting whether someone attends multiple congregations and how this might influence congregational volunteering and giving in the context of megachurches. It hypothesizes that parents, those who are single, those of lower socioeconomic status, those who are racially and ethnically minoritized, and those who are not socially embedded in a congregation will be more likely to attend a megachurch and other congregations. It also theorizes competing hypotheses regarding the association between attending multiple congregations and congregational volunteering and giving. Methods: This study draws on survey data from 12 representative megachurches to test the proposed hypotheses using logistic and ordinal logistic regression models. Results: Those who are single, those of lower socioeconomic status, those who are racially and ethnically minoritized, and those who are not socially embedded in the megachurch are more likely to attend multiple congregations simultaneously. Attending multiple congregations is negatively associated with congregational volunteering and giving. Conclusions and implications: The results demonstrate the need to reconceptualize congregational attendance to recognize that individuals may attend more than one congregation. Accordingly, future surveys should allow respondents to identify attending multiple congregations. The results also highlight how congregations may be negatively impacted by non-exclusive attendees who are less likely to volunteer and give money.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2100833-4
ISSN	2211-4866 ; 0034-673X
ISSN (online)	2211-4866
ISSN	0034-673X
DOI	10.1007/s13644-022-00518-w
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