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Article ; Online: Data and Disasters: Essential Information Needed for All Healthcare Threats.

Hick, John L / Toner, Eric S / Hanfling, Dan / Biddinger, Paul D / Lawler, James V

2023 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–10

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Disasters ; Disaster Planning ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Facilities
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2823049-8
ISSN	2326-5108 ; 2326-5094
ISSN (online)	2326-5108
ISSN	2326-5094
DOI	10.1089/hs.2023.0067
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Whole Blood Viscosity and Thromboembolic Events in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: Post hoc Analysis of the ATTACC/ACTIV-4a Trial

Choi, Daein / Froess, Joshua D. / Lawler, Patrick R. / Neal, Mathew D. / Zarychanski, Ryan / Rosenson, Robert S.

Thrombosis and Haemostasis

2024

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-16
Publisher	Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	518294-3
ISSN	2567-689X ; 0340-6245
ISSN (online)	2567-689X
ISSN	0340-6245
DOI	10.1055/s-0044-1786030
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Uh III Zs.192: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Carer-supported home-based exercises designed to target physical activity levels and functional mobility after stroke: a scoping review.

Jovic, E / Ahuja, K D K / Lawler, K / Hardcastle, S / Bird, M L

Disability and rehabilitation

2023 , Page(s) 1–12

Abstract: Purpose: To explore the literature on carer-supported home-based exercise programs for people after stroke, as a form of physical activity. The review focus was to examine the training carers receive, the content of programs, and investigate the ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To explore the literature on carer-supported home-based exercise programs for people after stroke, as a form of physical activity. The review focus was to examine the training carers receive, the content of programs, and investigate the physical activity levels and functional mobility of people after stroke. Materials and methods: A scoping review was undertaken, guided by Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The concept of home-based carer-supported exercise, in people after stroke, was searched across five databases. Outcomes of interest were physical activity levels and functional mobility. Results: We screened 2285 references and included 10 studies: one systematic review, five randomised controlled trials, one trial with non-equivalent control, and four uncontrolled studies. Carer training ranged from one to twelve sessions. Exercise interventions commonly including walking, other whole body functional exercises and balance activities. In eight studies interventions were in addition to standard care. Five studies reported significant between-group differences for functional mobility, favouring the intervention. One study reported physical activity levels. Conclusion: There was large variation in the volume and content of training provided to carers. Physical activity levels were infrequently objectively reported. Future studies should include greater details on their protocols to allow for replication and implementation into clinical practice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1104775-6
ISSN	1464-5165 ; 0963-8288
ISSN (online)	1464-5165
ISSN	0963-8288
DOI	10.1080/09638288.2023.2256663
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Article ; Online: Introducing Quin: The Design and Development of a Prototype Chatbot to Support Smoking Cessation.

Bendotti, Hollie / Ireland, David / Lawler, Sheleigh / Oates, David / Gartner, Coral / Marshall, Henry M

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

2023 Volume 26, Issue 5, Page(s) 612–620

Abstract: Introduction: Chatbots emulate human-like interactions and may usefully provide on-demand access to tailored smoking cessation support. We have developed a prototype smartphone application-based smoking cessation chatbot, named Quin, grounded in real- ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Chatbots emulate human-like interactions and may usefully provide on-demand access to tailored smoking cessation support. We have developed a prototype smartphone application-based smoking cessation chatbot, named Quin, grounded in real-world, evidence-, and theory-based smoking cessation counseling sessions. Methods: Conversation topics and interactions in Quitline counseling sessions (N = 30; 18 h) were characterized using thematic, content, and proponent analyses of transcripts. Quin was created by programming this content using a chatbot framework which interacts with users via speech to text. Reiterative changes and additions were made to the conversation structure and dialogue following regular consultation with a multidisciplinary team from relevant fields, and from evidence-based resources. Results: Chatbot conversations were encoded into initial and scheduled follow-up "appointments." Collection of demographic information, and smoking and quit history, informed tailored discussion about pharmacotherapy preferences, behavioral strategies, and social and professional support to form a quit plan. Follow-up appointments were programmed to check in on user progress, review elements of the quit plan, answer questions, and solve issues. Quin was programmed to include teachable moments and educational content to enhance health literacy and informed decision-making. Personal agency is encouraged through exploration and self-reflection of users' personal behaviors, experiences, preferences, and ideas. Conclusions: Quin's successful development represents a movement toward improving access to personalized smoking cessation support. Qualitative foundations of Quin provide greater insight into the smoking cessation counseling relationship and enhances the conversational ability of the technology. The prototype chatbot will be refined through beta-testing with end users and stakeholders prior to evaluation in a clinical trial. Implications: Our novel study provides transparent description of the translation of qualitative evidence of real-world smoking cessation counseling sessions into the design and development of a prototype smoking cessation chatbot. The successful iterative development of Quin not only embodies the science and art of health promotion, but also a step forward in expanding the reach of tailored, evidence based, in-pocket support for people who want to quit smoking.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Smoking Cessation/psychology ; Counseling/methods ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Mobile Applications ; Middle Aged ; Smartphone
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1452315-2
ISSN	1469-994X ; 1462-2203
ISSN (online)	1469-994X
ISSN	1462-2203
DOI	10.1093/ntr/ntad217
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Article ; Online: The haplolethal gene wupA of Drosophila exhibits potential as a target for an X-poisoning gene drive.

Lawler, Clancy D / Nuñez, Ana Karla Parra / Hernandes, Natalia / Bhide, Soumitra / Lohrey, Isabelle / Baxter, Simon / Robin, Charles

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)

2024 Volume 14, Issue 4

Abstract: ... are not haplolethal as long as the open reading frame remains intact. Like D. melanogaster, wupA ...

Abstract	A synthetic gene drive that targets haplolethal genes on the X chromosome can skew the sex ratio toward males. Like an "X-shredder," it does not involve "homing," and that has advantages including the reduction of gene drive resistance allele formation. We examine this "X-poisoning" strategy by targeting 4 of the 11 known X-linked haplolethal/haplosterile genes of Drosophila melanogaster with CRISPR/Cas9. We find that targeting the wupA gene during spermatogenesis skews the sex ratio so fewer than 14% of progeny are daughters. That is unless we cross the mutagenic males to X^XY female flies that bear attached-X chromosomes, which reverses the inheritance of the poisoned X chromosome so that sons inherit it from their father, in which case only 2% of the progeny are sons. These sex ratio biases suggest that most of the CRISPR/Cas9 mutants we induced in the wupA gene are haplolethal but some are recessive lethal. The males generating wupA mutants do not suffer from reduced fertility; rather, the haplolethal mutants arrest development in the late stages of embryogenesis well after fertilized eggs have been laid. This provides a distinct advantage over genetic manipulation strategies involving sterility which can be countered by the remating of females. We also find that wupA mutants that destroy the nuclear localization signal of shorter isoforms are not haplolethal as long as the open reading frame remains intact. Like D. melanogaster, wupA orthologs of Drosophila suzukii and Anopheles mosquitos are found on X chromosomes making wupA a viable X-poisoning target in multiple species.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Male ; Drosophila/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics ; Gene Drive Technology/methods ; Troponin I/genetics ; X Chromosome/genetics
Chemical Substances	Drosophila Proteins ; Troponin I ; wupA protein, Drosophila
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2629978-1
ISSN	2160-1836 ; 2160-1836
ISSN (online)	2160-1836
ISSN	2160-1836
DOI	10.1093/g3journal/jkae025
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Article ; Online: Protozoan-Priming and Magnesium Conditioning Enhance

Cambronne, Eric D / Ayres, Craig / Dowdell, Katherine S / Lawler, Desmond F / Saleh, Navid B / Kirisits, Mary Jo

Environmental science & technology

2023 Volume 57, Issue 40, Page(s) 14871–14880

Abstract: Opportunistic pathogens (OPs) are of concern in drinking water distribution systems because they persist despite disinfectant residuals. While many OPs garner protection from disinfectants via a biofilm lifestyle, ...

Abstract	Opportunistic pathogens (OPs) are of concern in drinking water distribution systems because they persist despite disinfectant residuals. While many OPs garner protection from disinfectants via a biofilm lifestyle,
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Legionella pneumophila/genetics ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Water Microbiology ; Disinfectants/pharmacology ; Amoeba
Chemical Substances	chloramine (KW8K411A1P) ; Magnesium (I38ZP9992A) ; Disinfectants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.3c04013
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Article ; Online: Role of neutrophil extracellular traps in regulation of lung cancer invasion and metastasis: Structural insights from a computational model.

Lee, Junho / Lee, Donggu / Lawler, Sean / Kim, Yangjin

PLoS computational biology

2021 Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) e1008257

Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is characterized by hijacking immune system for active growth and aggressive metastasis. Neutrophils, which in their original form should establish immune activities to the ... ...

Abstract	Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is characterized by hijacking immune system for active growth and aggressive metastasis. Neutrophils, which in their original form should establish immune activities to the tumor as a first line of defense, are undermined by tumor cells to promote tumor invasion in several ways. In this study, we investigate the mutual interactions between the tumor cells and the neutrophils that facilitate tumor invasion by developing a mathematical model that involves taxis-reaction-diffusion equations for the critical components in the interaction. These include the densities of tumor and neutrophils, and the concentrations of signaling molecules and structure such as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We apply the mathematical model to a Boyden invasion assay used in the experiments to demonstrate that the tumor-associated neutrophils can enhance tumor cell invasion by secreting the neutrophil elastase. We show that the model can both reproduce the major experimental observation on NET-mediated cancer invasion and make several important predictions to guide future experiments with the goal of the development of new anti-tumor strategies. Moreover, using this model, we investigate the fundamental mechanism of NET-mediated invasion of cancer cells and the impact of internal and external heterogeneity on the migration patterning of tumour cells and their response to different treatment schedules.
MeSH term(s)	Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Extracellular Traps/metabolism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interleukin-8/antagonists & inhibitors ; Lung Neoplasms/metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology ; Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Neutrophils/pathology ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors ; Tumor Microenvironment
Chemical Substances	CXCL8 protein, human ; Interleukin-8 ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2193340-6
ISSN	1553-7358 ; 1553-734X
ISSN (online)	1553-7358
ISSN	1553-734X
DOI	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008257
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Article ; Online: Smoking Cessation Counseling in Practice: A Qualitative Analysis of Quitline Conversations in Queensland, Australia.

Bendotti, Hollie / Lawler, Sheleigh / Gartner, Coral / Ireland, David / Marshall, Henry M

Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education

2023 Volume 51, Issue 1, Page(s) 43–53

Abstract: Telephone-based services are a practical and effective behavioral support for smoking cessation, yet no in-depth analyses of this counseling have been conducted. Understanding the general content of Quitline conversations can help to improve current ... ...

Abstract	Telephone-based services are a practical and effective behavioral support for smoking cessation, yet no in-depth analyses of this counseling have been conducted. Understanding the general content of Quitline conversations can help to improve current practices and may inform future interventions. Therefore, we aimed to independently explore conversation themes, topics, and client questions during Quitline counseling sessions with Quitline clients in Queensland, Australia. A purposive sample of 30 recorded counseling sessions, completed between January and March 2019, were de-identified, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. Seven themes, encompassing 35 topics, were derived from 26 initial calls and four follow-up calls: (1) Client details and building rapport; (2) Client history and motivation to quit; (3) Pharmacotherapy; (4) Behavioral aspects of quitting and relationship with smoking; (5) Understanding nicotine dependence and other important considerations; (6) Additional support and smoking cessation resources; and (7) Planning, goal setting and follow-up. Three themes emerged from 18 client questions including (1) Pharmacotherapy safety and contraindications; (2) Pharmacotherapy instructions and mechanism of action; and (3) Physiology of nicotine dependence. This is the first qualitative analysis of the content of Quitline counseling sessions in Australia. Counselors collect and deliver a breadth of information to provide tailored, evidence-based health care, while building rapport and trust. Findings may be translatable into personalized self-help interventions that are more accessible or appealing to people reluctant to contact Quitline. Harnessing educational opportunities regarding pharmacotherapy adherence and misconceptions can improve client confidence in the product and smoking cessation outcomes. Further research will map conversations to motivational interviewing and behavior change techniques.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; Queensland ; Counseling/methods ; Australia
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1362906-2
ISSN	1552-6127 ; 1090-1981
ISSN (online)	1552-6127
ISSN	1090-1981
DOI	10.1177/10901981231206068
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Article ; Online: Integrating Navajo Pottery Techniques To Improve Silver Nanoparticle-Enabled Ceramic Water Filters for Disinfection.

Rowles, Lewis S / Tso, Deanna / Dolocan, Andrei / Kirisits, Mary Jo / Lawler, Desmond F / Saleh, Navid B

Environmental science & technology

2023 Volume 57, Issue 44, Page(s) 17132–17143

Abstract: Point-of-use treatment technologies can increase access to safe drinking water in rural areas. Sustained use of these technologies is uncommon due to oversight of community needs, user-perceived risks, long-term maintenance, and conflict with traditional ...

Abstract	Point-of-use treatment technologies can increase access to safe drinking water in rural areas. Sustained use of these technologies is uncommon due to oversight of community needs, user-perceived risks, long-term maintenance, and conflict with traditional practices. Nanosilver-enabled ceramic water filters are unique due to the use of locally sourced materials available at or near the target community; however, technical limitations persist (e.g., nanosilver's uncontrolled release and passivation from sulfide or chloride). This work aims to overcome these limitations by impregnating nanosilver onto ceramics with a Navajo pottery rosin, collected from pinyon trees with a third-generation artisan. Here, we investigate this sustainable and novel material for drinking water treatment; the study ranges from a proof of concept to testing under realistic conditions. Results show that when embedded in a thin film, the biopolymer controlled ionic silver dissolution and prevented silver passivation from sulfide and chloride. When applied to ceramic filters, the biopolymer effectively immobilized nanosilver in a range of waters. Over a 25 day study to emulate household-use conditions, this coating method sustained disinfection of a coculture of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria while controlling biofouling. Overall, the use of this Navajo pottery material can facilitate adoption while providing the needed technological advancement to these widely used treatment devices.
MeSH term(s)	Disinfection/methods ; Silver ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chlorides ; Drinking Water ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Ceramics ; Water Purification/methods ; Biopolymers ; Sulfides ; Filtration/methods
Chemical Substances	Silver (3M4G523W1G) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chlorides ; Drinking Water ; Biopolymers ; Sulfides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.3c03462
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Political views, health literacy, and COVID-19 beliefs and behaviors: A moderated mediation model.

Cameron, Linda D / Lawler, Sheleigh / Robbins-Hill, Alexandra / Toor, Imrinder / Brown, Paul M

Social science & medicine (1982)

2023 Volume 320, Page(s) 115672

Abstract: Rationale: Mitigating the spread of COVID-19 requires that people understand the need for and engage in protective behaviors. Given the complexity and rapid progression of media information about the pandemic, health literacy could be essential to ... ...

Abstract	Rationale: Mitigating the spread of COVID-19 requires that people understand the need for and engage in protective behaviors. Given the complexity and rapid progression of media information about the pandemic, health literacy could be essential to acquiring the accurate beliefs, concern for societal risks, and appreciation of restrictive policies needed to motivate these behaviors. Yet with the increasingly politicized nature of COVID-related issues in the United States, health literacy could be an asset for those with more liberal views but less so for those with more conservative views. Objective: This study tested a hypothesized model proposing that political views moderate the associations of health literacy with COVID-19 protective behaviors as well as the mediational roles of accurate and inaccurate COVID-19 beliefs, concern for society, and governmental control attitudes. Methods: We surveyed residents in three diverse regions of California in June 2020 (N = 669) and February 2021 (N = 611). Participants completed measures of health literacy, political views, and COVID-19 beliefs and behaviors. Results: Moderated mediational analyses largely supported the proposed model with both samples. Health literacy was associated with more accurate COVID-19 beliefs, less inaccurate COVID-19 beliefs, greater concern for societal risks, more positive attitudes regarding restrictive government control, more protective behavior, less risky behavior, and stronger vaccine intentions; beliefs, concern for society, and governmental control attitudes mediated the health literacy-behavior relationships. As predicted, however, these associations of health literacy with adaptive beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors varied according to political views. The direct and mediated relationships were held for participants with more liberal views and, to a lesser extent, for those with moderate views, but they were weaker or absent for participants with more conservative views. Conclusions: These findings contribute new evidence of processes linking health literacy with adaptive beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors and how social and political contexts can shape those processes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; COVID-19 ; Health Literacy ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Behavior ; Intention
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	4766-1
ISSN	1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
ISSN (online)	1873-5347
ISSN	0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
DOI	10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115672
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