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  1. Article ; Online: COVID-19 Pandemic and Public Health Ethics in Japan.

    Nakazawa, Eisuke

    JMA journal

    2022  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 76–80

    Abstract: Public health ethics is a discipline dealing with ethical issues relating to public health. As a branch of medical ethics, it also deals with clinical and research ethics. The core issue of public health ethics is to balance the conflict between ... ...

    Abstract Public health ethics is a discipline dealing with ethical issues relating to public health. As a branch of medical ethics, it also deals with clinical and research ethics. The core issue of public health ethics is to balance the conflict between individual liberty and the public good. Because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, deliberation based on public health ethics is required to reduce social disparities and increase community cohesion. This study presents three public health ethics challenges. The first is to introduce an egalitarian liberal approach to public health concerning social and economic issues experienced by vulnerable populations both domestically and globally. I then propose alternative and compensatory public health policies that serve the principles of justice. Second, public health ethics must ensure procedural justice in all public health policy decisions. For example, when deciding to implement public health policies, including restrictions on individual liberties, the decision making process must be open to the public. Third, citizens and students must be educated on public health ethics. The public must be provided with an open forum to deliberate on ethical issues related to public health as well as the appropriate training to do so.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-30
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3053329-6
    ISSN 2433-3298 ; 2433-328X
    ISSN (online) 2433-3298
    ISSN 2433-328X
    DOI 10.31662/jmaj.2022-0119
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: The consciousness of virtue: uncovering the gaps between educational specialists and the general public in their understanding of virtue in Japan.

    Tachibana, Koji / Nakazawa, Eisuke

    Frontiers in psychology

    2024  Volume 14, Page(s) 1171247

    Abstract: Virtue is a normative concept that constitutes social and moral codes. The notion of virtue can be identified in both the West and the East. Since this concept was revived in academia in the 20th century after a long sinking into oblivion, contemporary ... ...

    Abstract Virtue is a normative concept that constitutes social and moral codes. The notion of virtue can be identified in both the West and the East. Since this concept was revived in academia in the 20th century after a long sinking into oblivion, contemporary professional researchers, but not the general public, may be familiar with this notion. We conducted a survey on the attitudes of educational specialists and the general public regarding the notion of virtue in Japan. Our study found that, in contrast to educational specialists, the general public were not so familiar with the notion; both had a positive image of virtue and a poor understanding of the Confucian notions of virtue; both retain Buddhist values under the term of virtue, but educational specialists tended to associate ancient Greek and Western elements with the notion of virtue. Educational specialists emphasized active, intellectual virtues, such as practical wisdom, whereas the general public emphasized passive, emotional virtues, such as gratitude. Our study showed that, the notion of virtue was understood in different ways between educational specialists and the general public in Japan. This finding has several social implications, such as academic integrity and educational policy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1171247
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Is Japan Pronatalism Justified? Fear of Hinoeuma Women and Sex Selection

    Shizuko Takahashi / Eisuke Nakazawa

    Sexes, Vol 4, Iss 9, Pp 94-

    2023  Volume 101

    Abstract: Japan, having had the longest isolationist policy in the world, is averse to options, such as migration to increase the population. What kinds of pronatalist policies to increase fertility and lower the population’s age are ethical? Two questions can be ... ...

    Abstract Japan, having had the longest isolationist policy in the world, is averse to options, such as migration to increase the population. What kinds of pronatalist policies to increase fertility and lower the population’s age are ethical? Two questions can be raised: is it ethical for the government to intercede, and is it ethical for individuals to exercise this choice? In addition to the gradually decreasing birth rate, Japan is faced with the challenge of a possible sharp decline in the birth rate in 5 years. Astrology and superstition have influenced the sex preference of a child in Japan, and in 1966, there was a 26% drop in the birth rate. It was the year of Hinoeuma, occurring at 60-year intervals, and women born that year are believed to have a potentially dangerous ‘headstrong temperament’ and murder their husbands. Abortion rates spiked that year, and many forged the birth date of their child. The next Hinoeuma is in 2026. Although the bioethical debate about pronatalism exists in the literature, there is no literature addressing the question of sex selection in the context of a decreasing population. This paper argues that even if the Japanese government’s current pronatalist approach is ethically warranted, it should not extend to sex selection since it would promote misogyny and stereotypical gender roles.
    Keywords Hinoeuma ; pro-natalist policies ; sex-selection ; ethics ; Psychology ; BF1-990 ; Special aspects of education ; LC8-6691 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 170
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Autonomy in Japan: What does it Look Like?

    Akabayashi, Akira / Nakazawa, Eisuke

    Asian bioethics review

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 317–336

    Abstract: This paper analysed the nature of autonomy, in particular respect for autonomy in medical ethics/bioethics in Japan. We have undertaken a literature survey in Japanese and English and begin with the historical background and explanation of the Japanese ... ...

    Abstract This paper analysed the nature of autonomy, in particular respect for autonomy in medical ethics/bioethics in Japan. We have undertaken a literature survey in Japanese and English and begin with the historical background and explanation of the Japanese word
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2602378-7
    ISSN 1793-9453 ; 1793-8759
    ISSN (online) 1793-9453
    ISSN 1793-8759
    DOI 10.1007/s41649-022-00213-6
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  5. Article ; Online: Citizen and Patient Participation in Precision Medicine: Epilepsy Treatment Using Brain Organoids Derived from iPS Cells.

    Nakazawa, Eisuke / Akabayashi, Akira

    AJOB neuroscience

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 138–140

    MeSH term(s) Brain ; Epilepsy/drug therapy ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Organoids ; Patient Participation ; Precision Medicine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2576262-X
    ISSN 2150-7759 ; 2150-7740
    ISSN (online) 2150-7759
    ISSN 2150-7740
    DOI 10.1080/21507740.2022.2048737
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 6886: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  6. Article ; Online: Would Major Incompatible Blood Type Lung Transplants be Standard Care?

    Akabayashi, Akira / Nakazawa, Eisuke

    Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation

    2022  Volume 35, Page(s) 10666

    MeSH term(s) ABO Blood-Group System ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Graft Rejection ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Lung Transplantation
    Chemical Substances ABO Blood-Group System
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 639435-8
    ISSN 1432-2277 ; 0934-0874
    ISSN (online) 1432-2277
    ISSN 0934-0874
    DOI 10.3389/ti.2022.10666
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2358: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  7. Article ; Online: What is the contemporary role of second-generation philosophical bioethicists?

    Akabayashi, Akira / Nakazawa, Eisuke

    Indian journal of medical ethics

    2022  Volume VIII, Issue 3, Page(s) 252–253

    Abstract: Bioethics originated in the 1970s and has now been around for half a century. During that half-century, brilliant achievements have been made, especially in the West. Basic bioethics theories have been developed that have proved useful in solving many ... ...

    Abstract Bioethics originated in the 1970s and has now been around for half a century. During that half-century, brilliant achievements have been made, especially in the West. Basic bioethics theories have been developed that have proved useful in solving many bioethical issues including policies. Moreover, ethics committees and clinical ethics consultations have been implemented in the medical field. However, there seems to be a pessimistic discourse in bioethics in developed countries. For example, mid-career researchers from the world's leading bioethics centres in the UK and North America, Blumenthal-Barby et al, expressed concern and frustration about the current situation of philosophy in bioethics in their 2021 paper "The Place of Philosophy in Bioethics Today" [1]. The authors pessimistically say that.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-15
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0975-5691
    ISSN (online) 0975-5691
    DOI 10.20529/IJME.2022.069
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Could artificial intelligence hijack author contributions?

    Akabayashi, Akira / Nakazawa, Eisuke / Ino, Hiroyasu

    Nature

    2022  Volume 606, Issue 7915, Page(s) 653

    MeSH term(s) Artificial Intelligence ; Authorship
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/d41586-022-01697-w
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 26: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MG 9: Show issues
    Zs.MO 244: Show issues

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  9. Article: What Does It Mean to Truly Empathize with a Patient? An Analysis of Japanese Cases Employing the Narrative Approach Perspective.

    Akabayashi, Akira / Nakazawa, Eisuke

    Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 10

    Abstract: What does it mean to truly empathize with a patient? The authors (a psychiatrist and a philosopher) explore this topic from the unique perspectives gained from decades of experience. We discuss how some approaches that may be criticized are necessary if ... ...

    Abstract What does it mean to truly empathize with a patient? The authors (a psychiatrist and a philosopher) explore this topic from the unique perspectives gained from decades of experience. We discuss how some approaches that may be criticized are necessary if we are to empathize with a patient. We also touch on the current situation surrounding personnel involved in the restoration of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (the so-called Fukushima 50) after the nuclear meltdown caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. We conclude with what we have learned to truly emphasize with patients from these cases: (1) small deviations seem to be useful sometimes; (2) healthcare professionals do not have to be too hard on themselves to empathize with patients, and a natural, narrative approach-based attitude is sometimes more than enough; and (3) physical stance, in addition to psychological stance, might also be a factor. Moreover, we look at the idea of the "village society" and argue that it is necessary for medical professionals to be fully aware of the negative connotations of village societies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2721009-1
    ISSN 2227-9032
    ISSN 2227-9032
    DOI 10.3390/healthcare10101884
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Over-the-Counter Drug Misuse and Dependence: Public Health Ethics' Foray into Fight against the Codeine Crisis.

    Ino, Hiroyasu / Nakazawa, Eisuke

    Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 6

    Abstract: Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, such as codeine, are available as an OTC drug at common drugstores and major e-commerce platforms, despite their known propensity for causing psychological dependence and harm from overuse. Misuse of and dependence on over- ... ...

    Abstract Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, such as codeine, are available as an OTC drug at common drugstores and major e-commerce platforms, despite their known propensity for causing psychological dependence and harm from overuse. Misuse of and dependence on over-the-counter drugs are serious public health issues. Possible measures include stricter regulation and control, as well as regulation of access to information and awareness activities, but their effectiveness is limited. Up-scheduling, in which OTC drugs are placed under prescription or full regulation, is expected to have a definite effect. However, up-scheduling poses public health ethical challenges. Up-scheduling restricts the freedom of consumers to purchase OTC drugs, and the economic right of manufacturers and sellers. Up-scheduling may also interfere with people's right to seek self-care through the proper use of OTC drugs. Limited up-scheduling with respect to age may be an effective way to implement up-scheduling while avoiding ethical issues. However, from a public health perspective, it is necessary to improve the information infrastructure so that prescription drug information can be shared electronically, and to strengthen measures to prevent mental health problems among young people that lead to OTC drug misuse, even after up-scheduling.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2737194-3
    ISSN 2226-4787 ; 2226-4787
    ISSN (online) 2226-4787
    ISSN 2226-4787
    DOI 10.3390/pharmacy10060155
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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