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Article ; Online: Breast Milk Monthly D-livery.

Oberhelman-Eaton, Sara S / Thacher, Tom D

2022 Volume 59, Issue 4, Page(s) 274–275

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Breast Feeding ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lactation ; Milk ; Milk, Human ; Vitamin D Deficiency
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-08
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	402594-5
ISSN	0974-7559 ; 0019-6061
ISSN (online)	0974-7559
ISSN	0019-6061
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Article ; Online: Vitamin D

Al-Bayyari, N / Hailat, R / Subih, H / Alkhalidy, H / Eaton, A

The British journal of nutrition

2020 Volume 125, Issue 2, Page(s) 139–146

Abstract: ... with vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, a randomised, double-blind placebo, controlled clinical trial was ... the vitamin D (n 50) which received 1250 µg vitamin D3 per week for 2 months. The participants' 25 ... hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), tHcy, CRP, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea ...

Abstract	The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 on total homocysteine (tHcy) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and liver and kidney function tests in overweight women with vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, a randomised, double-blind placebo, controlled clinical trial was conducted on 100 eligible women. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the placebo (n 50) and the vitamin D (n 50) which received 1250 µg vitamin D3 per week for 2 months. The participants' 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), tHcy, CRP, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured and compared before and after treatment. Results showed that the tHcy, CRP, AST, ALT and eGFR levels after the 2nd month of vitamin D3 intervention were significantly (P < 0·001) decreased and the 25(OH)D, urea and creatinine levels were significantly (P < 0·001) increased in the treatment group. In the placebo group, no significant changes were identified throughout the follow-up period. In conclusion, vitamin D3 intervention with a treatment dose of 1250 µg/week for at least 2 months may help in lowering Hcy and CRP levels and may improve liver function tests, which in turn might help in minimising the risk of CVD and liver diseases among overweight women but negatively affect kidney function.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Cholecalciferol/administration & dosage ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Heart Disease Risk Factors ; Homocysteine/blood ; Humans ; Kidney Function Tests ; Liver Diseases/etiology ; Liver Diseases/prevention & control ; Liver Function Tests ; Middle Aged ; Overweight/blood ; Overweight/complications ; Treatment Outcome ; Urea/blood ; Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives ; Vitamin D/blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency/blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications ; Vitamin D Deficiency/therapy ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Homocysteine (0LVT1QZ0BA) ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Cholecalciferol (1C6V77QF41) ; Urea (8W8T17847W) ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4) ; 25-hydroxyvitamin D (A288AR3C9H) ; Aspartate Aminotransferases (EC 2.6.1.1) ; Alanine Transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	280396-3
ISSN	1475-2662 ; 0007-1145
ISSN (online)	1475-2662
ISSN	0007-1145
DOI	10.1017/S0007114520001890
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Article ; Online: Infant and Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation: Clinician Perspectives and Practices.

Aul, Andrea J / Fischer, Philip R / Benson, Matthew R / Oberhelman-Eaton, Sara S / Mara, Kristin C / Thacher, Tom D

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM

2022 Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 95–104

Abstract: Introduction: Rates of infant vitamin D supplementation fall short of guideline recommendations ... intervention to prevent rickets. We compared infant and high-dose maternal vitamin D supplementation ... gynecology, primary care pediatrics, neonatology, newborn nursery, and members of vitamin D and rickets ...

Abstract	Introduction: Rates of infant vitamin D supplementation fall short of guideline recommendations. We explored this discrepancy from the clinician perspective as they advise and affect this important intervention to prevent rickets. We compared infant and high-dose maternal vitamin D supplementation prescribing attitudes and practices between infant-only clinicians (IC) and clinicians who care for mothers and infants (MIC). Methods: We surveyed clinicians in departments of family medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, primary care pediatrics, neonatology, newborn nursery, and members of vitamin D and rickets working groups and a social media group for lactation medicine providers about their perspectives and practices regarding vitamin D supplementation. Results: 360 clinician survey responses were analyzed. In current practice, IC were more likely than MIC to recommend vitamin D supplementation to exclusively ( Conclusions: MIC are more likely than IC to embrace high-dose maternal vitamin D supplementation to provide adequate vitamin D for infants. This highlights an opportunity for further education of clinicians about this option.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Infant ; Humans ; Child ; Vitamin D ; Dietary Supplements ; Breast Feeding ; Rickets/prevention & control ; Mothers ; Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy ; Vitamin D Deficiency/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2239939-2
ISSN	1558-7118 ; 1557-2625
ISSN (online)	1558-7118
ISSN	1557-2625
DOI	10.3122/jabfm.2022.220244R1
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Article: Epithelial N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors mediate renal vasodilation by affecting kidney autoregulation.

Romero, Cesar A / Lim, Jasmine / Wang, Hong / Wynne, Brandi M / Ma, Peipei / Jing, Yao / Liotta, Dennis C / D'Erasmo, Michael / Traynelis, Stephen F / Eaton, Douglas C / Wall, Susan M

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Background: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) are amino acid receptors that are well studied ...

Abstract	Background: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) are amino acid receptors that are well studied in brain physiology; however, their role in kidney is poorly understood. Nonetheless, NMDAR inhibitors can increase serum K+ and reduce GFR, which suggests they have an important physiological role in the kidney. We hypothesized that NMDARs in the distal nephron induce afferent-arteriole vasodilation through the vasodilator mechanism connecting-tubule-glomerular feedback (CNTGF) that involves ENaC activation. Methods and results: Using a tubule-specific transcriptome database combined with molecular biology and microscopy techniques, we showed kidney expression of NMDAR subunits along the nephron and specifically in ENaC-positive cells. This receptor is expressed in both male and female mice, with higher abundance in females (p=0.02). Microperfusing NMDAR agonists into the connecting tubule induced afferent-arteriole vasodilation (EC Conclusion: NMDARs are expressed along the nephron, including ENaC-positive cells, with higher expression in females. Epithelial NMDAR mediates renal vasodilation through the connecting-tubule-glomerular feedback, by increasing ENaC activity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.12.04.569973
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Article ; Online: Cyclin D-CDK4 Disulfide Bond Attenuates Pulmonary Vascular Cell Proliferation.

Knight, Hannah / Abis, Giancarlo / Kaur, Manpreet / Green, Hannah L H / Krasemann, Susanne / Hartmann, Kristin / Lynham, Steven / Clark, James / Zhao, Lan / Ruppert, Clemens / Weiss, Astrid / Schermuly, Ralph T / Eaton, Philip / Rudyk, Olena

Circulation research

2023 Volume 133, Issue 12, Page(s) 966–988

Abstract: ... in cyclin D-CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4) and investigate its role in cell proliferation and PH ... Methods: Oxidative modifications of cyclin D-CDK4 were detected in human pulmonary arterial ... the cyclin D-CDK4 oxidation was assessed in vivo in the pulmonary arteries and isolated human ...

Abstract	Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic vascular disease characterized, among other abnormalities, by hyperproliferative smooth muscle cells and a perturbed cellular redox and metabolic balance. Oxidants induce cell cycle arrest to halt proliferation; however, little is known about the redox-regulated effector proteins that mediate these processes. Here, we report a novel kinase-inhibitory disulfide bond in cyclin D-CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4) and investigate its role in cell proliferation and PH. Methods: Oxidative modifications of cyclin D-CDK4 were detected in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Site-directed mutagenesis, tandem mass-spectrometry, cell-based experiments, in vitro kinase activity assays, in silico structural modeling, and a novel redox-dead constitutive knock-in mouse were utilized to investigate the nature and definitively establish the importance of CDK4 cysteine modification in pulmonary vascular cell proliferation. Furthermore, the cyclin D-CDK4 oxidation was assessed in vivo in the pulmonary arteries and isolated human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and in 3 preclinical models of PH. Results: Cyclin D-CDK4 forms a reversible oxidant-induced heterodimeric disulfide dimer between C7/8 and C135, respectively, in cells in vitro and in pulmonary arteries in vivo to inhibit cyclin D-CDK4 kinase activity, decrease Rb (retinoblastoma) protein phosphorylation, and induce cell cycle arrest. Mutation of CDK4 C135 causes a kinase-impaired phenotype, which decreases cell proliferation rate and alleviates disease phenotype in an experimental mouse PH model, suggesting this cysteine is indispensable for cyclin D-CDK4 kinase activity. Pulmonary arteries and human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension display a decreased level of CDK4 disulfide, consistent with CDK4 being hyperactive in human pulmonary arterial hypertension. Furthermore, auranofin treatment, which induces the cyclin D-CDK4 disulfide, attenuates disease severity in experimental PH models by mitigating pulmonary vascular remodeling. Conclusions: A novel disulfide bond in cyclin D-CDK4 acts as a rapid switch to inhibit kinase activity and halt cell proliferation. This oxidative modification forms at a critical cysteine residue, which is unique to CDK4, offering the potential for the design of a selective covalent inhibitor predicted to be beneficial in PH.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Cyclins/metabolism ; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism ; Cysteine/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Pulmonary Artery/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cyclin D/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cyclins ; Cysteine (K848JZ4886) ; Cyclin D ; CDK4 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.22) ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (EC 2.7.11.22)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80100-8
ISSN	1524-4571 ; 0009-7330 ; 0931-6876
ISSN (online)	1524-4571
ISSN	0009-7330 ; 0931-6876
DOI	10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.122.321836
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Article ; Online: Phosphatidic acid produced by phospholipase D is required for hyphal cell-cell fusion and fungal-plant symbiosis.

Hassing, Berit / Eaton, Carla J / Winter, David / Green, Kimberly A / Brandt, Ulrike / Savoian, Matthew S / Mesarich, Carl H / Fleissner, Andre / Scott, Barry

Molecular microbiology

2020 Volume 113, Issue 6, Page(s) 1101–1121

Abstract: ... known about this process in filamentous fungi. Here we analyze the contribution of phospholipase D (PLD ...

Abstract	Although lipid signaling has been shown to serve crucial roles in mammals and plants, little is known about this process in filamentous fungi. Here we analyze the contribution of phospholipase D (PLD) and its product phosphatidic acid (PA) in hyphal morphogenesis and growth of Epichloë festucae and Neurospora crassa, and in the establishment of a symbiotic interaction between E. festucae and Lolium perenne. Growth of E. festucae and N. crassa PLD deletion strains in axenic culture, and for E. festucae in association with L. perenne, were analyzed by light-, confocal- and electron microscopy. Changes in PA distribution were analyzed in E. festucae using a PA biosensor and the impact of these changes on the endocytic recycling and superoxide production investigated. We found that E. festucae PldB, and the N. crassa ortholog, PLA-7, are required for polarized growth and cell fusion and contribute to ascospore development, whereas PldA/PLA-8 are dispensable for these functions. Exogenous addition of PA rescues the cell-fusion phenotype in E. festucae. PldB is also crucial for E. festucae to establish a symbiotic association with L. perenne. This study identifies a new component of the cell-cell communication and cell fusion signaling network for hyphal morphogenesis and growth of filamentous fungi.
MeSH term(s)	Biosensing Techniques ; Cell Communication ; Cell Fusion ; Epichloe/growth & development ; Epichloe/physiology ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal/genetics ; Hyphae/growth & development ; Lolium/microbiology ; Lolium/physiology ; Neurospora crassa/growth & development ; Phosphatidic Acids/metabolism ; Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism ; Phospholipase D/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Spores, Fungal/growth & development ; Superoxides/metabolism ; Symbiosis/physiology
Chemical Substances	Phosphatidic Acids ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Superoxides (11062-77-4) ; Phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	619315-8
ISSN	1365-2958 ; 0950-382X
ISSN (online)	1365-2958
ISSN	0950-382X
DOI	10.1111/mmi.14480
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Article: A Simple Route for Synthesis of 4-Phospho-D-Erythronate.

Novikov, Yehor / Copley, Shelley D / Eaton, Bruce E

Tetrahedron letters

2011 Volume 52, Issue 16, Page(s) 1913–1915

Abstract: 4-Phospho-D-erythronate is an intermediate in synthesis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in some bacteria ... phospho-D-erythronate required expensive precursors and typically gave low yields. We report ... a straightforward synthesis of 4-phospho-D-erythronate from the inexpensive precursor D-erythronolactone in 5 steps ...

Abstract	4-Phospho-D-erythronate is an intermediate in synthesis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in some bacteria and an inhibitor of ribose 5-phosphate isomerase. Previous synthetic schemes for the preparation of 4-phospho-D-erythronate required expensive precursors and typically gave low yields. We report a straightforward synthesis of 4-phospho-D-erythronate from the inexpensive precursor D-erythronolactone in 5 steps with a preparatively useful yield of 22%.
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-12-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	204287-3
ISSN	1873-3581 ; 0040-4039
ISSN (online)	1873-3581
ISSN	0040-4039
DOI	10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.02.045
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Article ; Online: Post-licensure safety surveillance study of routine use of quadrivalent meningococcal diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-D) in infants and children.

Hansen, J / Zhang, L / Eaton, A / Baxter, R / Robertson, C A / Decker, M D / Greenberg, D P / Bassily, E / Klein, N P

Vaccine

2018 Volume 36, Issue 16, Page(s) 2133–2138

Abstract: Background: Menactra® vaccine (MenACWY-D) was licensed in the United States in 2005 for persons 11 ... health care organization, to assess the safety of MenACWY-D in 2-10-year-olds and 9-23-month-olds receiving ... of MenACWY-D in 2-10-year-olds (October 2007-October 2010) and in 9-23-month-olds (June 2011-June 2014 ...

Abstract	Background: Menactra® vaccine (MenACWY-D) was licensed in the United States in 2005 for persons 11-55 years of age, in 2007 for children 2-10 years of age, and in 2011 for infants/toddlers 9-23 months of age. We conducted two studies at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated health care organization, to assess the safety of MenACWY-D in 2-10-year-olds and 9-23-month-olds receiving the vaccine during routine clinical care. Methods: We conducted observational, retrospective studies of MenACWY-D in 2-10-year-olds (October 2007-October 2010) and in 9-23-month-olds (June 2011-June 2014). We monitored all subjects for non-elective hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and selected outpatient outcomes (specified neurological conditions, hypersensitivity reactions and new-onset autoimmune diseases) up to 6 months after vaccination, depending on the study. Using a self-control risk-interval design, we calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing outcomes during the post-vaccination risk interval (0-30 days) with those during more remote post-vaccination comparison intervals (31-60 and 31-180 days [children] or 31-75 days [infants/toddlers]). Results: There were 1421 children aged 2-10 years and 116 infants/toddlers aged 9-23 months who received MenACWY-D. Approximately 30% of the 2-10-year-olds and 67% of the 9-23-month-olds were considered at increased risk of meningococcal disease. Among 2-10-year-olds, there was 1 hospitalization on post-vaccination day 5 for fever, which was considered possibly related to vaccination. The only significantly elevated outcome among 2-10-year-olds was cellulitis/abscess (2 cases occurred during the risk interval versus 0 during comparison interval; IRR not evaluable [NE], 95% CI: 1.42, NE). After medical record review, the 2 cases were considered unrelated to vaccination. Among 9-23-month-olds, no outcomes were significantly elevated after vaccination and there were no hospitalizations. There were no deaths observed during the three-year accrual and subsequent six-month surveillance period for either study. Conclusions: Immunization of infants and young children with MenACWY-D vaccine was not associated with any new safety concerns; however, these small studies had limited power to detect rare or uncommon safety events. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers are NCT00728260 and NCT01689155.
MeSH term(s)	California/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Meningitis, Meningococcal/epidemiology ; Meningitis, Meningococcal/prevention & control ; Meningococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Meningococcal Vaccines/immunology ; Neisseria meningitidis/immunology ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Vaccination/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	MenACWY-D vaccine ; Meningococcal Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.107
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Article ; Online: Androgens and hirsutism score of overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome improved after vitamin D treatment: A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial.

Al-Bayyari, Nahla / Al-Domi, Hayder / Zayed, Faheem / Hailat, Ra'ed / Eaton, Arieanna

Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)

2020 Volume 40, Issue 3, Page(s) 870–878

Abstract: Background & aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D treatment ... in Irbid, Jordan. Overweight Jordanian females aged 18-49 years with vitamin D deficiency and PCOS (n = 60 ... were assigned to two groups: the treatment group (n = 30) who received 50,000 IU per week of vitamin D ...

Abstract	Background & aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D treatment on androgen levels and hirsutism scores in overweight women with PCOS. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted at King Abdullah University Hospital in Irbid, Jordan. Overweight Jordanian females aged 18-49 years with vitamin D deficiency and PCOS (n = 60) were assigned to two groups: the treatment group (n = 30) who received 50,000 IU per week of vitamin D Results: After receiving the treatment for 12 consecutive weeks, the levels of total testosterone, parathyroid hormone, free androgen index, and hirsutism score were significantly decreased (P < 0.001), and the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), sex hormone binding globulin, and phosphorus were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, significant changes were observed in ovarian volume and follicle numbers and size ultrasonography, and in the regularity of the menstrual cycle (P < 0.001). In the placebo group, no significant changes were observed in either androgen levels, hirsutism score, or menstrual regularity. Conclusion: Vitamin D Gov regestration number: NCT02328404.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Androgens/blood ; Cholecalciferol/therapeutic use ; Dietary Supplements ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Hirsutism/blood ; Hirsutism/etiology ; Hirsutism/therapy ; Humans ; Jordan ; Middle Aged ; Overweight/blood ; Overweight/complications ; Overweight/therapy ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/blood ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Testosterone/blood ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives ; Vitamin D/blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency/blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications ; Vitamin D Deficiency/therapy ; Vitamins/therapeutic use ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Androgens ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Vitamins ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Cholecalciferol (1C6V77QF41) ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O) ; 25-hydroxyvitamin D (A288AR3C9H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604812-2
ISSN	1532-1983 ; 0261-5614
ISSN (online)	1532-1983
ISSN	0261-5614
DOI	10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.024
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Article ; Online: INITIAT-E.D.: Impact of timing of INITIation of Antibiotic Therapy on mortality of patients presenting to an Emergency Department with sepsis.

Wisdom, Alice / Eaton, Vaughn / Gordon, David / Daniel, Santhosh / Woodman, Richard / Phillips, Cameron

Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA

2015 Volume 27, Issue 3, Page(s) 196–201

Abstract: Objectives: To analyse the association between time from triage to administration of initial antibiotics and mortality in all patients presenting with sepsis to a tertiary hospital ED.: Methods: A retrospective review of patients presenting to the ED ...

Abstract	Objectives: To analyse the association between time from triage to administration of initial antibiotics and mortality in all patients presenting with sepsis to a tertiary hospital ED. Methods: A retrospective review of patients presenting to the ED with sepsis from January to December 2012 was conducted at Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia. Outcome measures were: time elapsed from triage to administration of initial antibiotic therapy and in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 220 patients presented with sepsis, comprising 102 cases of uncomplicated sepsis and 118 severe sepsis. The median time to antibiotic administration was 3.5 h (interquartile range [IQR] 1.7-6.6) and in-hospital mortality was 28.6% (95% CI 22.6-34.6%). There was no association observed between delays to antibiotics and mortality in the total patient population. When stratified by presenting severity, patients with severe sepsis demonstrated a trend towards increased mortality when delays to antibiotics exceeded 6 h from triage (HR = 2.25, 95% CI 0.91-5.59, P = 0.08) in comparison with <1 h. Significant delays to antibiotic administration occurred when initial agents were charted as a 'regular medicine' (9.4 h, IQR 5.1-16.6) in comparison with a 'once only order' (3.4 h, IQR 1.7-6.7), P < 0.001. Conclusions: Early administration of antibiotics specifically in patients with severe sepsis might be beneficial. Further studies within the ED are warranted to establish the effect of delayed antibiotics in a generalised sepsis cohort.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptides, Cyclic ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis/drug therapy ; Sepsis/mortality ; Shock, Septic/drug therapy ; South Australia ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Peptides, Cyclic ; kapakahine E
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2161824-0
ISSN	1742-6723 ; 1742-6731 ; 1035-6851
ISSN (online)	1742-6723
ISSN	1742-6731 ; 1035-6851
DOI	10.1111/1742-6723.12394
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