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  1. Article ; Online: Mind and matter: The neurological complications of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

    Shaw, Rebecca J / Dutt, Tina

    British journal of haematology

    2022  Volume 197, Issue 5, Page(s) 529–538

    Abstract: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare and potentially fatal condition, with >90% mortality if untreated; deficiency of ADAMTS13 leads to widespread microvascular thromboses and organ injury particularly affecting organs with high shear ... ...

    Abstract Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare and potentially fatal condition, with >90% mortality if untreated; deficiency of ADAMTS13 leads to widespread microvascular thromboses and organ injury particularly affecting organs with high shear stress, including the brain. The acute neurological complications have historically been those most feared by clinicians and synonymous with a poor prognosis. TTP, however, is no longer perceived as two extremes of acute presentation and remission, rather once diagnosed a chronic condition with the potential for a long-term symptom burden. Optimal neuroimaging timing and modality lacks consensus and as we learn more about the changes seen during the acute and chronic stages of TTP, there is scope for neuroimaging to play a greater role in guiding management and the secondary prevention of vascular disease. Reduced ADAMTS13 activity levels have been associated with increased thrombotic risk and novel therapies including caplacizumab and recombinant ADAMTS13 may offer a neuroprotective role. Given the increasing evidence of the neurocognitive and psychological disease in TTP, the importance of screening and timely intervention should not be underestimated. As more patients are surviving their initial TTP presentation, it is crucial for us to develop a greater understanding of the longer-term morbidity affecting these patients.
    MeSH term(s) ADAMTS13 Protein ; Humans ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/complications ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/diagnosis ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/therapy
    Chemical Substances ADAMTS13 Protein (EC 3.4.24.87)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80077-6
    ISSN 1365-2141 ; 0007-1048
    ISSN (online) 1365-2141
    ISSN 0007-1048
    DOI 10.1111/bjh.18127
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Integrating psychology services for patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: A specialist centre experience.

    Shaw, Rebecca J / Bell, Joanne / Poole, Jason / Feely, Conor / Chetter, James / Dutt, Tina

    EJHaem

    2023  Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) 872–875

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2688-6146
    ISSN (online) 2688-6146
    DOI 10.1002/jha2.726
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Parasite transmission in size-structured populations.

    Shaw, Kelsey E / Cloud, Rebecca E / Syed, Raeyan / Civitello, David J

    Ecology

    2023  Volume 105, Issue 2, Page(s) e4221

    Abstract: Host heterogeneity can affect parasite transmission, but determining underlying traits and incorporating them into transmission models remains challenging. Body size is easily measured and affects numerous ecological interactions, including transmission. ...

    Abstract Host heterogeneity can affect parasite transmission, but determining underlying traits and incorporating them into transmission models remains challenging. Body size is easily measured and affects numerous ecological interactions, including transmission. In the snail-schistosome system, larger snails have a higher exposure to parasites but lower susceptibility to infection per parasite. We quantified the effect of size-based heterogeneity on population-level transmission by conducting transmission trials in differently size-structured snail populations and competing size-dependent transmission models. Populations with greater proportions of large snails had lower prevalence, and small snails were shielded from infection by co-occurring large conspecifics. Furthermore, a fully dependent transmission model that incorporated body size in both exposure and susceptibility outperformed other candidate models considered. Incorporating traits such as body size, which are affected by and directly affect host ecology, into transmission models could yield insights into natural dynamics and disease mitigation in many systems.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Parasites ; Schistosoma ; Snails/parasitology ; Host-Parasite Interactions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2010140-5
    ISSN 1939-9170 ; 0012-9658
    ISSN (online) 1939-9170
    ISSN 0012-9658
    DOI 10.1002/ecy.4221
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Diagnosis and treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum.

    Jansen, Larissa A W / Shaw, Victoria / Grooten, Iris J / Koot, Marjette H / Dean, Caitlin R / Painter, Rebecca C

    CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne

    2024  Volume 196, Issue 14, Page(s) E477–E485

    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperemesis Gravidarum/diagnosis ; Hyperemesis Gravidarum/therapy ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-14
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 215506-0
    ISSN 1488-2329 ; 0008-4409 ; 0820-3946
    ISSN (online) 1488-2329
    ISSN 0008-4409 ; 0820-3946
    DOI 10.1503/cmaj.221502
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Primary care clinicians' perspectives on interacting with patients with gynaecological conditions: a systematic review.

    Briscoe, Simon / Thompson Coon, Jo / Melendez-Torres, G J / Abbott, Rebecca / Shaw, Liz / Nunns, Michael / Garside, Ruth

    BJGP open

    2024  Volume 8, Issue 1

    Abstract: Background: Studies have found that women with gynaecological conditions and symptoms do not feel listened to by primary care clinicians (PCCs). Less understood is whether PCCs perceive that there are challenges around listening to and interacting with ... ...

    Abstract Background: Studies have found that women with gynaecological conditions and symptoms do not feel listened to by primary care clinicians (PCCs). Less understood is whether PCCs perceive that there are challenges around listening to and interacting with this patient group.
    Aim: To understand PCCs' perspectives on the challenges of listening to and interacting with women patients with gynaecological conditions and symptoms.
    Design & setting: Systematic review of English-language studies.
    Method: We searched ASSIA (Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Embase, HMIC (Healthcare Management Information Consortium), and MEDLINE from inception to July 2023. We also conducted forward and backward citation searches of included studies. Identified records were screened independently by two reviewers. Data extraction was undertaken by one reviewer and checked by a second. Quality appraisal used the Wallace checklist. 'Best-fit' framework synthesis was used to synthesise findings around themes that explored the challenges of patient-clinician interaction.
    Results: We identified 25 relevant articles. Perceived challenges associated with listening to and interacting with patients with gynaecological conditions and symptoms were identified at four 'levels': individual clinician level factors; structural and organisational factors; community and external factors; and factors related to gynaecological conditions. Interpretive analysis identified specific challenges relating to sociocultural factors affecting the consultation experience; the need for further education, training, or guidance for clinicians; factors affecting referral decisions; and factors related to service structure and organisation.
    Conclusion: PCCs acknowledge that empathy, respect, and attentive listening are important when interacting with women patients with gynaecological conditions and symptoms. However, these ideals are impeded by several factors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2398-3795
    ISSN (online) 2398-3795
    DOI 10.3399/BJGPO.2023.0133
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Vitamin D status in post-medieval Northern England: Insights from dental histology and enamel peptide analysis at Coach Lane, North Shields (AD 1711-1857).

    Snoddy, Anne Marie E / Shaw, Heidi / Newman, Sophie / Miszkiewicz, Justyna J / Stewart, Nicolas A / Jakob, Tina / Buckley, Hallie / Caffell, Anwen / Gowland, Rebecca

    PloS one

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) e0296203

    Abstract: Objectives: The post-medieval period in Europe saw a dramatic increase in metabolic bone disease related to vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Recent paleopathological work has utilized interglobular dentin (IGD) as a proxy for poor vitamin D status during ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The post-medieval period in Europe saw a dramatic increase in metabolic bone disease related to vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Recent paleopathological work has utilized interglobular dentin (IGD) as a proxy for poor vitamin D status during development, while enamel peptide analysis allows the identification of chromosomal sex in non-adult remains. Here we explore the relationship between sex, the presence of IGD, and macroscopic markers of VDD in an industrial era assemblage from Northeast England.
    Materials and methods: 25 individuals (9 females, 9 males, 9 unknown sex) from the cemetery site at Coach Lane, North Shields (1711-1857) were selected for paleopathological analysis, histological assessment of IGD, and enamel peptide determination of chromosomal sex.
    Results: Ground tooth sections from 21 individuals were of suitable quality for detection of IGD, and enamel peptide analysis confirmed the chromosomal sex of ten individuals. Sixteen individuals (76.1%) exhibited ≥1 episode of IGD. Nine of these (42.8%) exhibited >1 episode and four (19%) exhibited ≥4 episodes in regular intervals. Male sex was significantly associated with the presence of IGD (p = 0.0351; 100% males vs. 54.5% females). Females were more likely to exhibit macroscopic evidence of VDD (45.5% females vs 30% males) but this was not statistically significant.
    Discussion and conclusions: Periods of poor mineral metabolism during childhood appear much more prevalent at Coach Lane than macroscopic evidence suggests. Evidence of seasonal IGD episodes indicates that northern latitude played a major role in poor VD status in the Northeast of England. The significant association of IGD with male sex may be due to sex-related differences in dentinal mineralization or a higher risk of poor VD status in males aged <5 years. More work is needed to establish an evidence-based threshold for pathological levels of IGD before the presence of this feature can confidently be used as a biomarker for poor VD status.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Male ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D Deficiency/diagnosis ; Tooth ; Vitamins ; England/epidemiology ; Dental Enamel
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Vitamins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0296203
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Ongoing effects of preterm birth on the dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of guinea pigs.

    Moloney, Roisin A / Palliser, Hannah K / Dyson, Rebecca M / Pavy, Carlton L / Berry, Max / Hirst, Jonathon J / Shaw, Julia C

    Developmental neurobiology

    2024  Volume 84, Issue 2, Page(s) 93–110

    Abstract: Children born preterm have an increased likelihood of developing neurobehavioral disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety. These disorders have a sex bias, with males having a higher incidence of ADHD, whereas anxiety ...

    Abstract Children born preterm have an increased likelihood of developing neurobehavioral disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety. These disorders have a sex bias, with males having a higher incidence of ADHD, whereas anxiety disorder tends to be more prevalent in females. Both disorders are underpinned by imbalances to key neurotransmitter systems, with dopamine and noradrenaline in particular having major roles in attention regulation and stress modulation. Preterm birth disturbances to neurodevelopment may affect this neurotransmission in a sexually dimorphic manner. Time-mated guinea pig dams were allocated to deliver by preterm induction of labor (gestational age 62 [GA62]) or spontaneously at term (GA69). The resultant offspring were randomized to endpoints as neonates (24 h after term-equivalence age) or juveniles (corrected postnatal day 40, childhood equivalence). Relative mRNA expressions of key dopamine and noradrenaline pathway genes were examined in the frontal cortex and hippocampus and quantified with real-time PCR. Myelin basic protein and neuronal nuclei immunostaining were performed to characterize the impact of preterm birth. Within the frontal cortex, there were persisting reductions in the expression of dopaminergic pathway components that occurred in preterm males only. Conversely, preterm-born females had increased expression of key noradrenergic receptors and a reduction of the noradrenergic transporter within the hippocampus. This study demonstrated that preterm birth results in major changes in dopaminergic and noradrenergic receptor, transporter, and synthesis enzyme gene expression in a sex- and region-based manner that may contribute to the sex differences in susceptibility to neurobehavioral disorders. These findings highlight the need for the development of sex-based treatments for improving these conditions.
    MeSH term(s) Infant, Newborn ; Child ; Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Guinea Pigs ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Premature Birth/genetics ; Premature Birth/metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Frontal Lobe ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Norepinephrine/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X) ; Norepinephrine (X4W3ENH1CV)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2256184-5
    ISSN 1932-846X ; 1097-4695 ; 1932-8451 ; 0022-3034
    ISSN (online) 1932-846X ; 1097-4695
    ISSN 1932-8451 ; 0022-3034
    DOI 10.1002/dneu.22937
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Human mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit

    Shaw, Timothy D / Krasnodembskaya, Anna D / Schroeder, Gunnar N / Doherty, Declan F / Silva, Johnatas Dutra / Tandel, Shikha M / Su, Yue / Butler, David / Ingram, Rebecca J / O'Kane, Cecilia M

    Thorax

    2024  

    Abstract: Introduction: Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for : Methods: Human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were infected with : Results: MSCs reduced intracellular bacteria in MDMs over 72 hours (median 35% reduction, p=0.027). MSC ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for
    Methods: Human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were infected with
    Results: MSCs reduced intracellular bacteria in MDMs over 72 hours (median 35% reduction, p=0.027). MSC treatment increased extracellular concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (median 10.1-fold rise, p=0.002) and reduced tumour necrosis factor-α (median 28% reduction, p=0.025). Blocking MSC PGE2 production by cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition with celecoxib abrogated the antimicrobial effect, while this was restored by adding exogenous PGE2. MSC-treated mice had lower pulmonary CFUs (median 18% reduction, p=0.012), but no significant change in spleen or liver CFUs compared with controls.
    Conclusion: MSCs can modulate inflammation and reduce intracellular
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 204353-1
    ISSN 1468-3296 ; 0040-6376
    ISSN (online) 1468-3296
    ISSN 0040-6376
    DOI 10.1136/thorax-2023-220819
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Re-evaluation of the risk of venous thromboembolism after COVID-19 vaccination using haematological criteria

    Shaw, Rebecca J. / Doyle, Andrew J. / Millen, Emily A. / Stowe, Julia / Tessier, Elise / Andrews, Nick / Miller, Elizabeth

    Vaccine. 2023 Aug., v. 41, no. 36 p.5330-5337

    2023  

    Abstract: An elevated risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following a first dose of the ChAdOx1 adenovirus-vectored vaccine was found in a national epidemiological study in England using routine discharge diagnosis codes. Separately, the syndrome of vaccine- ... ...

    Institution HaemSTAR collaborators
    Abstract An elevated risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following a first dose of the ChAdOx1 adenovirus-vectored vaccine was found in a national epidemiological study in England using routine discharge diagnosis codes. Separately, the syndrome of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) was identified using haematological criteria based on presence of thrombocytopenia, significantly elevated D-dimers and development of anti-PF4 antibodies. To re-evaluate risk estimates using haematological criteria, we obtained the haematology results for hospital admitted patients aged 18–64 years in 43 National Health Service trusts in England who were included in the national epidemiological study. Diagnoses were confirmed and haematological parameters obtained from local records without knowledge of vaccination status. The haematological parameters in patients admitted for a confirmed VTE following ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination were then compared with those in a randomly selected 40% sample of unvaccinated patients with VTE. Overall, 12 (14%) of the 84 vaccinated cases had a diagnosis compatible with VITT, 11 after a first dose of ChAdOx1 and one after a first dose of BNT162b2. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150 × 10⁹/L) occurred in 17 vaccinated (20%) and 4 (4%) of 108 unvaccinated patients, with all 6 cases of severe thrombocytopenia (<50 × 10⁹/L) occurring within 42 days of a first dose of ChAdOx1. The attributable risk estimates for a cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) or other VTE with thrombocytopenia after a first dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine were 2.82 and 9.62 per million doses respectively. However, elevated risks were also found after a first dose of ChAdOx1 for VTE without thrombocytopenia with relative incidences for CVT and other VTE of 2.67 (1.77–3.77) and 1.93 (1.57–2.35) respectively. While we identified a distinct population with features of VITT within 42 days of receiving ChAdOx1 vaccination, confirming current diagnostic criteria, we also found evidence of an increased risk of a VTE without thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 vaccine.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; blood platelet count ; epidemiological studies ; health services ; hematology ; hospitals ; risk ; thrombocytopenia ; thrombosis ; vaccination ; vaccines ; England ; COVID-19 ; Venous thromboembolism
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-08
    Size p. 5330-5337.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.006
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: Re-evaluation of the risk of venous thromboembolism after COVID-19 vaccination using haematological criteria.

    Shaw, Rebecca J / Doyle, Andrew J / Millen, Emily A / Stowe, Julia / Tessier, Elise / Andrews, Nick / Miller, Elizabeth

    Vaccine

    2023  Volume 41, Issue 36, Page(s) 5330–5337

    Abstract: An elevated risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following a first dose of the ChAdOx1 adenovirus-vectored vaccine was found in a national epidemiological study in England using routine discharge diagnosis codes. Separately, the syndrome of vaccine- ... ...

    Abstract An elevated risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following a first dose of the ChAdOx1 adenovirus-vectored vaccine was found in a national epidemiological study in England using routine discharge diagnosis codes. Separately, the syndrome of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) was identified using haematological criteria based on presence of thrombocytopenia, significantly elevated D-dimers and development of anti-PF4 antibodies. To re-evaluate risk estimates using haematological criteria, we obtained the haematology results for hospital admitted patients aged 18-64 years in 43 National Health Service trusts in England who were included in the national epidemiological study. Diagnoses were confirmed and haematological parameters obtained from local records without knowledge of vaccination status. The haematological parameters in patients admitted for a confirmed VTE following ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination were then compared with those in a randomly selected 40% sample of unvaccinated patients with VTE. Overall, 12 (14%) of the 84 vaccinated cases had a diagnosis compatible with VITT, 11 after a first dose of ChAdOx1 and one after a first dose of BNT162b2. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150 × 10
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology ; Venous Thromboembolism/etiology ; BNT162 Vaccine ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; State Medicine ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; Thrombocytopenia/chemically induced ; Thrombocytopenia/epidemiology ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; Hematology
    Chemical Substances BNT162 Vaccine ; COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-07
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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