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Article ; Online: Anatomical Approach to Clinical Problems of Popliteal Fossa.

Dagur, Gautam / Gandhi, Jason / Smith, Noel / Khan, Sardar A

Current rheumatology reviews

2017 Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 126–138

Abstract: Background: Popliteal fossa, also known as the popliteal space, is located behind the knee joint. This region can develop many clinical complications in the vascular, nervous, lymphatics, adipose, as well as swelling and masses.: Objective: The ... ...

Abstract	Background: Popliteal fossa, also known as the popliteal space, is located behind the knee joint. This region can develop many clinical complications in the vascular, nervous, lymphatics, adipose, as well as swelling and masses. Objective: The objective of this review article is to give a detailed understanding of the popliteal fossa and the clinical pathology that may present itself. Methods: MEDLINE® searches were conducted of literature published since 1950s for "popliteal fossa," "diseases," "anatomy," "arterial," "venous," "nerves," "entrapment syndrome," "aneurysms," "cysts," "lymphatics," "solid masses," "tumors," "inflammatory lesions," and "swellings." The references provide up-to-date literature for all the pathologies discussed. Results: This review articles discusses the anatomy, clinical examination, including history, physical, and imaging modalities, and various diseases that present themselves in patients. Diseases relating to the arterial and venous systems, nervous system, musculature, adipose, lymphatics, cysts and other solid masses, including neoplasms, and abscesses. The differential diagnosis and symptoms of certain conditions are addressed to isolate the root of the manifestation. Conclusion: Diseases of the popliteal fossa can use histology and electrophysiology to aid in diagnosis, as well as instrumentation. Surgical approaches are uses to treat varying pathologies as they are the best means of therapy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1875-6360
ISSN (online)	1875-6360
DOI	10.2174/1573397112666161128102959
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Critical Manifestations of Pneumoscrotum.

Dagur, Gautam / Lee, Min Y / Warren, Kelly / Imhof, Reese / Khan, Sardar A

Current urology

2016 Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 62–66

Abstract: Introduction: Pneumoscrotum is a critical, physical finding that may indicate significant morbidity and mortality. Accumulation of gas in the scrotum can be primary or secondary.: Objective: This paper discusses rapid diagnosis and treatment options.! ...

Abstract	Introduction: Pneumoscrotum is a critical, physical finding that may indicate significant morbidity and mortality. Accumulation of gas in the scrotum can be primary or secondary. Objective: This paper discusses rapid diagnosis and treatment options. Material and methods: PubMed searches for pneumoscrotum, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Results: We review the historical perspective, classification, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment options of pneumoscrotum, as well as the presentation of pneumoscrotum in neonates/infants. Conclusion: It is crucial to diagnose the etiology pneumoscrotum and designing a treatment option based off that.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2253664-4
ISSN	1661-7657 ; 1661-7649
ISSN (online)	1661-7657
ISSN	1661-7649
DOI	10.1159/000442855
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Article ; Online: Neuro-urological manifestations of Parkinson's disease.

Dagur, Gautam / Warren, Kelly / Schwamb, Richard / Dalpiaz, Amanda / Gandhi, Jason / Khan, Sardar

The International journal of neuroscience

2015 Volume 126, Issue 6, Page(s) 481–487

Abstract: This article highlights the urological manifestations of Parkinson's disease, the neurological pathways shared by Parkinson's and its urological diseases. ...

Abstract	This article highlights the urological manifestations of Parkinson's disease, the neurological pathways shared by Parkinson's and its urological diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3061-2
ISSN	1563-5279 ; 1543-5245 ; 0020-7454
ISSN (online)	1563-5279 ; 1543-5245
ISSN	0020-7454
DOI	10.3109/00207454.2015.1048548
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Zs.A 657: Show issues

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Article: Detecting diseases of neglected seminal vesicles using imaging modalities: A review of current literature.

Dagur, Gautam / Warren, Kelly / Suh, Yiji / Singh, Navjot / Khan, Sardar A

International journal of reproductive biomedicine

2016 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 293–302

Abstract: Seminal vesicles (SVs) are sex accessory organs and part of male genitourinary system. They play a critical role in male fertility. Diseases of the SVs, usually results in infertility. Diseases of the SVs are extremely rare and are infrequently reported ... ...

Abstract	Seminal vesicles (SVs) are sex accessory organs and part of male genitourinary system. They play a critical role in male fertility. Diseases of the SVs, usually results in infertility. Diseases of the SVs are extremely rare and are infrequently reported in the literature. We address the current literature of SV pathologies, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. We review the clinical importance of SVs from PubMed. The current imaging modalities and instrumentation that help diagnose SV diseases are reviewed. Common pathologies including, infection, cysts, tumors, and congenital diseases of the SVs are addressed. Many times symptoms of hematospermia, pain, irritative and obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms, and infertility are presented in patients with SV diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05-16
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2898387-7
ISSN	2476-3772 ; 2476-4108
ISSN (online)	2476-3772
ISSN	2476-4108
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Article: Unusual Glomus Tumor of the Penis.

Dagur, Gautam / Warren, Kelly / Miao, Yimei / Singh, Navjot / Suh, Yiji / Khan, Sardar A

Current urology

2016 Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) 113–118

Abstract: Introduction: Glomus tumors are benign neoplasms commonly found in subungual regions of the extremities and rarely located in the penis. Misdiagnosis of glomus tumors is common; therefore, symptoms and clinical presentations should be reviewed.: ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Glomus tumors are benign neoplasms commonly found in subungual regions of the extremities and rarely located in the penis. Misdiagnosis of glomus tumors is common; therefore, symptoms and clinical presentations should be reviewed. Objective: The primary objective of this review article is to emphasize the pathogenesis, pathology, clinical presentation, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment methods of glomus tumors in order to better identify and manage the condition. Materials and methods: Research was conducted using PubMed/Medline. The inclusion criteria required glomus tumor to be present on the penis. Results: Glomus tumors, which appear as symptomatic or asymptomatic lesions, are attributed to dispersion grouping of neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions in a particular area. Conclusion: Differential diagnosis of glomus tumors includes hemangiomas, neurofibromatosis, epithelial lesions, and spindle-cell lesions. Physical examination and histological findings should be used for diagnosis. Treatment options can be either conservative or invasive, in which the patient undergoes surgical excision.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2253664-4
ISSN	1661-7657 ; 1661-7649
ISSN (online)	1661-7657
ISSN	1661-7649
DOI	10.1159/000442864
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Article: Testicular compartment syndrome: an overview of pathophysiology, etiology, evaluation, and management.

Gandhi, Jason / Dagur, Gautam / Sheynkin, Yefim R / Smith, Noel L / Khan, Sardar Ali

Translational andrology and urology

2016 Volume 5, Issue 6, Page(s) 927–934

Abstract: Testicular compartment syndrome (TCS) refers to the impairment of microcirculation in the testicle due to either increased venous resistance or extraluminal compression, which leads to hypoxia. TCS releases oxidants through hypoxia and ischemia/ ... ...

Abstract	Testicular compartment syndrome (TCS) refers to the impairment of microcirculation in the testicle due to either increased venous resistance or extraluminal compression, which leads to hypoxia. TCS releases oxidants through hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The pathophysiology, etiology, evaluation, and management of TCS are reviewed. Based on the properties of TCS, specific causes, e.g., varicocele, hydrocele, orchitis, cryptorchidism, and scrotal hernia, are suggested and categorized. The oxidant-induced stress from TCS may explain the correlations between these causes and infertility. A chief shortcoming of current imaging modalities is that they detect TCS late after it has progressed to impair the macrocirculation of the testicle. We propose frequent sequential periodic power Doppler ultrasonography to monitoring for earlier detection. Intraoperatively, TCS can be diagnosed by the dull purple appearance of a hypoxic testicle and by tissue pressures above 30 mmHg. When compartment pressure is low, the underlying etiology must be promptly treated. During acute presentation, an incision of the resilient tunica albuginea may be necessary. A great challenge of treating TCS is restoring microcirculation while minimizing IRI; concomitant antioxidant therapy secondary to treatment may be effective and harmless at the least. Because testicular oxidant stress is common in infertility and since TCS can cause such a stress, TCS may be a larger factor in infertility than currently suspected.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12-22
Publishing country	China
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2851630-8
ISSN	2223-4691 ; 2223-4691 ; 2223-4683
ISSN (online)	2223-4691
ISSN	2223-4691 ; 2223-4683
DOI	10.21037/tau.2016.11.05
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Article ; Online: Urological complications of uterine leiomyoma: a review of literature.

Dagur, Gautam / Suh, Yiji / Warren, Kelly / Singh, Navjot / Fitzgerald, John / Khan, Sardar A

International urology and nephrology

2016 Volume 48, Issue 6, Page(s) 941–948

Abstract: Introduction: Uterine leiomyomas are common gynecologic tumor in reproductive-aged women, by age 50, diagnosis shared by urologist, gynecologists and radiologists.: Objective: The goal of this article is to review the current literature, study the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Uterine leiomyomas are common gynecologic tumor in reproductive-aged women, by age 50, diagnosis shared by urologist, gynecologists and radiologists. Objective: The goal of this article is to review the current literature, study the impact of leiomyoma on female lower urinary tract, examine the cause female sexual dysfunction and provide a comprehensive review of current diagnostic, imaging studies, and current treatment of leiomyoma. Methods: Clinical leiomyoma studies published from 1956 through 2015 were identified using the PubMed search engines and the key words leiomyoma, fibroid in the current literature. Impact of leiomyoma on the lower urinary tract including female sexual dysfunction was reviewed with terms of "urinary retention", "bladder", "urethra", "dyspareunia", "incontinence", "incomplete bladder emptying", "female sexual dysfunction", and "lower urinary tract" to study the urological and sexual effects of leiomyoma. Literature related to leiomyoma was reviewed from 1965 to present. Results: Women with uterine leiomyomata complained of pelvic pain, menstrual irregularities, infertility, lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: Leiomyoma is a common tumor of the uterus that often clinically impacts on the lower urinary tract and results in urological and sexual symptoms. Leiomyoma can compress and grow into and become adherent to the bladder and surrounding pelvic organs or metastasize into peritoneal organs. Leiomyoma can enlarge and compress the urinary bladder, urethra, and lower end of the ureters. Leiomyoma can cause embarrassing sexual dysfunction in females. Current literature of non-surgical and surgical therapy of leiomyoma is described.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma/complications ; Leiomyoma/diagnosis ; Leiomyoma/therapy ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/etiology ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/etiology ; Urologic Diseases/etiology ; Uterine Neoplasms/complications ; Uterine Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Uterine Neoplasms/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	204048-7
ISSN	1573-2584 ; 0301-1623 ; 0042-1162
ISSN (online)	1573-2584
ISSN	0301-1623 ; 0042-1162
DOI	10.1007/s11255-016-1248-5
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Article ; Online: Genitourinary Complications of Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview of Pathogenesis, Evaluation, and Management.

Gandhi, Jason / Dagur, Gautam / Warren, Kelly / Smith, Noel L / Khan, Sardar A

Current diabetes reviews

2016 Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) 498–518

Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is a vastly prevalent metabolic disorder with escalating global health concerns. Particularly when mismanaged, chronic micro- and macrovascular complications may highly impair physiological systems while immunodeficiency ... ...

Abstract	Background: Diabetes mellitus is a vastly prevalent metabolic disorder with escalating global health concerns. Particularly when mismanaged, chronic micro- and macrovascular complications may highly impair physiological systems while immunodeficiency disposes us to infection. Objective: We investigate infections, localized complications, and neoplasms of the genitourinary system secondary to the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus in males and females. Method: A comprehensive MEDLINE® search was guided using key words relevant to diabetes mellitus and the genitourinary system. Results: Pathogen-friendly environments may implicate the sequelae of urinary tract and genital mycotic infections, potentially generating necrosis, abscess, and other inflammatory complications, which may present concomitantly with neurogenic and/or vasculogenic dysfunction to further exacerbate an existing genitourinary condition. Manifestations of the adrenal, renal, and genital organs and tissues are discussed as they relate to vascular, immunodeficient, and other hyperglycemic complications of the diabetic state. Among those, chronic kidney disease and cystopathy are the most prevailing and detrimental. Though studies have connected diabetes to either an increased risk of developing or poor prognosis of bladder, renal, prostate, endometrial, and cervical cancers, the explicit biological relationships are as of yet inconclusive. Conclusion: Despite the availability of precise treatments to ameliorate most presently reviewed conditions, particularly urinary tract and genital mycotic infection-related sequelae, reversing permanent vascular damage remains a great challenge. Leading a healthier lifestyle and managing diabetes mellitus with a patient-centric approach from the outset are the most putative methods for preventing critical long-term genitourinary manifestations of diabetes mellitus.
MeSH term(s)	Diabetes Complications/diagnosis ; Diabetes Complications/epidemiology ; Diabetes Complications/etiology ; Diabetes Complications/therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus/therapy ; Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology ; Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology ; Female ; Female Urogenital Diseases/diagnosis ; Female Urogenital Diseases/epidemiology ; Female Urogenital Diseases/etiology ; Female Urogenital Diseases/therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Male Urogenital Diseases/diagnosis ; Male Urogenital Diseases/epidemiology ; Male Urogenital Diseases/etiology ; Male Urogenital Diseases/therapy ; Prevalence
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09-25
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1875-6417
ISSN (online)	1875-6417
DOI	10.2174/1573399812666161019162747
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Article: Neoplastic diseases of the spermatic cord: an overview of pathological features, evaluation, and management.

Dagur, Gautam / Gandhi, Jason / Kapadia, Kailash / Inam, Rafid / Smith, Noel L / Joshi, Gargi / Khan, Sardar Ali

Translational andrology and urology

2017 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 101–110

Abstract: Extracellular tumors found with the spermatic cord, known as neoplasms, are usually identified to be benign. However, the accurate and timely diagnosis of spermatic cord masses is highly crucial, especially when most results are often overlooked or ... ...

Abstract	Extracellular tumors found with the spermatic cord, known as neoplasms, are usually identified to be benign. However, the accurate and timely diagnosis of spermatic cord masses is highly crucial, especially when most results are often overlooked or unclear. In this review, we discuss the anatomy and embryology of the spermatic cord. Upon rooting these fundamental concepts, we discuss an array of benign and malignant neoplastic tumors, including their origin, pathological features, clinical evaluation and management, as well as other case-specific characteristics of unique presentation. Many of these neoplasms are based on local neurological, vascular, muscular, bone, soft tissue, or lymphatic origin, while others have metastasized from particular areas of the body.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-06
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2851630-8
ISSN	2223-4691 ; 2223-4691 ; 2223-4683
ISSN (online)	2223-4691
ISSN	2223-4691 ; 2223-4683
DOI	10.21037/tau.2017.01.04
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Article: The impact and management of sexual dysfunction secondary to pharmacological therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Gandhi, Jason / Weissbart, Steven J / Smith, Noel L / Kaplan, Steven A / Dagur, Gautam / Zumbo, Anna / Joshi, Gargi / Khan, Sardar Ali

Translational andrology and urology

2017 Volume 6, Issue 2, Page(s) 295–304

Abstract: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common genitourinary complications in men over 50 years of age and typically presents with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Classes of medications include α1-adrenoceptor blockers, 5α-reductase ... ...

Abstract	Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common genitourinary complications in men over 50 years of age and typically presents with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Classes of medications include α1-adrenoceptor blockers, 5α-reductase inhibitors, and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. Today, α1-adrenoceptor blockers and 5α-reductase inhibitors are often combined to give a synergistic effect. A review of the current literature identified several adverse sexual side effects, including erectile dysfunction (ED), decreased libido, orgasmic disorders, and ejaculatory disorders. We believe it is important to know the extent of these side effects, as the clinician and patient will need to decide the cost of improved voiding symptoms. The chief adverse effect is ejaculatory disorders, including the absence of ejaculation. Clinical consideration for BPH should include the elements of male sexual function, patients' age, and the characteristics and comprehensive effects of each group of drugs. Methodological bias in clinical studies, such as the subjective evaluation of the sexual side effect, makes it difficult to determine the ideal drug for treatment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-01
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2851630-8
ISSN	2223-4691 ; 2223-4691 ; 2223-4683
ISSN (online)	2223-4691
ISSN	2223-4691 ; 2223-4683
DOI	10.21037/tau.2017.03.57
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