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Article ; Online: Development of a Portable, Ultra-Rapid and Ultra-Sensitive Cell-Based Biosensor for the Direct Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike Protein Antigen.

Mavrikou, Sophie / Moschopoulou, Georgia / Tsekouras, Vasileios / Kintzios, Spyridon

2020 Volume 20, Issue 11

Abstract: One of the key challenges of the recent COVID-19 pandemic is the ability to accurately estimate the number of infected individuals, particularly asymptomatic and/or early-stage patients. We herewith report the proof-of-concept development of a biosensor ... ...

Abstract	One of the key challenges of the recent COVID-19 pandemic is the ability to accurately estimate the number of infected individuals, particularly asymptomatic and/or early-stage patients. We herewith report the proof-of-concept development of a biosensor able to detect the SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein expressed on the surface of the virus. The biosensor is based on membrane-engineered mammalian cells bearing the human chimeric spike S1 antibody. We demonstrate that the attachment of the protein to the membrane-bound antibodies resulted in a selective and considerable change in the cellular bioelectric properties measured by means of a Bioelectric Recognition Assay. The novel biosensor provided results in an ultra-rapid manner (3 min), with a detection limit of 1 fg/mL and a semi-linear range of response between 10 fg and 1 μg/mL. In addition, no cross-reactivity was observed against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Furthermore, the biosensor was configured as a ready-to-use platform, including a portable read-out device operated via smartphone/tablet. In this way, we demonstrate that the novel biosensor can be potentially applied for the mass screening of SARS-CoV-2 surface antigens without prior sample processing, therefore offering a possible solution for the timely monitoring and eventual control of the global coronavirus pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Viral/chemistry ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/genetics ; Antigens, Viral/isolation & purification ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity ; Biosensing Techniques ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Humans ; Limit of Detection ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smartphone ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/isolation & purification
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Antigens, Viral ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s20113121
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Bioelectrical Analysis of Various Cancer Cell Types Immobilized in 3D Matrix and Cultured in 3D-Printed Well.

Paivana, Georgia / Mavrikou, Sophie / Kaltsas, Grigoris / Kintzios, Spyridon

Biosensors

2019 Volume 9, Issue 4

Abstract: Cancer cell lines are important tools for anticancer drug research and assessment. Impedance measurements can provide valuable information about cell viability in real time. This work presents the proof-of-concept development of a bioelectrical, ... ...

Abstract	Cancer cell lines are important tools for anticancer drug research and assessment. Impedance measurements can provide valuable information about cell viability in real time. This work presents the proof-of-concept development of a bioelectrical, impedance-based analysis technique applied to four adherent mammalian cancer cells lines immobilized in a three-dimensional (3D) calcium alginate hydrogel matrix, thus mimicking in vivo tissue conditions. Cells were treated with cytostatic agent5-fluoruracil (5-FU). The cell lines used in this study were SK-N-SH, HEK293, HeLa, and MCF-7. For each cell culture, three cell population densities were chosen (50,000, 100,000, and 200,000 cells/100 μL). The aim of this study was the extraction of mean impedance values at various frequencies for the assessment of the different behavior of various cancer cells when 5-FU was applied. For comparison purposes, impedance measurements were implemented on untreated immobilized cell lines. The results demonstrated not only the dependence of each cell line impedance value on the frequency, but also the relation of the impedance level to the cell population density for every individual cell line. By establishing a cell line-specific bioelectrical behavior, it is possible to obtain a unique fingerprint for each cancer cell line reaction to a selected anticancer agent.
MeSH term(s)	Alginates/chemistry ; Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cells, Immobilized/metabolism ; Electric Impedance ; Electrochemical Techniques/instrumentation ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Printing, Three-Dimensional
Chemical Substances	Alginates
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662125-3
ISSN	2079-6374 ; 2079-6374
ISSN (online)	2079-6374
ISSN	2079-6374
DOI	10.3390/bios9040136
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of Cancer Cell Lines by Four-Point Probe Technique, by Impedance Measurements in Various Frequencies.

Paivana, Georgia / Barmpakos, Dimitris / Mavrikou, Sophie / Kallergis, Alexandros / Tsakiridis, Odysseus / Kaltsas, Grigoris / Kintzios, Spyridon

Biosensors

2021 Volume 11, Issue 9

Abstract: Cell-based biosensors appear to be an attractive tool for the rapid, simple, and cheap monitoring of chemotherapy effects at a very early stage. In this study, electrochemical measurements using a four-point probe method were evaluated for suspensions of ...

Abstract	Cell-based biosensors appear to be an attractive tool for the rapid, simple, and cheap monitoring of chemotherapy effects at a very early stage. In this study, electrochemical measurements using a four-point probe method were evaluated for suspensions of four cancer cell lines of different tissue origins: SK-N-SH, HeLa, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, all for two different population densities: 50 K and 100 K cells/500 μL. The anticancer agent doxorubicin was applied for each cell type in order to investigate whether the proposed technique was able to determine specific differences in cell responses before and after drug treatment. The proposed methodology can offer valuable insight into the frequency-dependent bioelectrical responses of various cellular systems using a low frequency range and without necessitating lengthy cell culture treatment. The further development of this biosensor assembly with the integration of specially designed cell/electronic interfaces can lead to novel diagnostic biosensors and therapeutic bioelectronics.
MeSH term(s)	Biosensing Techniques ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Electric Impedance ; Electrochemical Techniques ; Female ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662125-3
ISSN	2079-6374 ; 2079-6374
ISSN (online)	2079-6374
ISSN	2079-6374
DOI	10.3390/bios11090345
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Development of a Portable, Ultra-Rapid and Ultra-Sensitive Cell-Based Biosensor for the Direct Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike Protein Antigen

Sophie Mavrikou / Georgia Moschopoulou / Vasileios Tsekouras / Spyridon Kintzios

Sensors ; Volume 20 ; Issue 11

2020

Abstract	One of the key challenges of the recent COVID-19 pandemic is the ability to accurately estimate the number of infected individuals, particularly asymptomatic and/or early-stage patients. We herewith report the proof-of-concept development of a biosensor able to detect the SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein expressed on the surface of the virus. The biosensor is based on membrane-engineered mammalian cells bearing the human chimeric spike S1 antibody. We demonstrate that the attachment of the protein to the membrane-bound antibodies resulted in a selective and considerable change in the cellular bioelectric properties measured by means of a Bioelectric Recognition Assay. The novel biosensor provided results in an ultra-rapid manner (3 min), with a detection limit of 1 fg/mL and a semi-linear range of response between 10 fg and 1 μ g/mL. In addition, no cross-reactivity was observed against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Furthermore, the biosensor was configured as a ready-to-use platform, including a portable read-out device operated via smartphone/tablet. In this way, we demonstrate that the novel biosensor can be potentially applied for the mass screening of SARS-CoV-2 surface antigens without prior sample processing, therefore offering a possible solution for the timely monitoring and eventual control of the global coronavirus pandemic.
Keywords	Bioelectric Recognition Assay (BERA) ; membrane engineering ; Point-of-Care (POC) ; S1 spike protein ; serological assay ; severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ; covid19
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-31
Publisher	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Publishing country	ch
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Development of a Portable, Ultra-Rapid and Ultra-Sensitive Cell-Based Biosensor for the Direct Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike Protein Antigen

Sophie Mavrikou / Georgia Moschopoulou / Vasileios Tsekouras / Spyridon Kintzios

Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 3121, p

2020 Volume 3121

Abstract	One of the key challenges of the recent COVID-19 pandemic is the ability to accurately estimate the number of infected individuals, particularly asymptomatic and/or early-stage patients. We herewith report the proof-of-concept development of a biosensor able to detect the SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein expressed on the surface of the virus. The biosensor is based on membrane-engineered mammalian cells bearing the human chimeric spike S1 antibody. We demonstrate that the attachment of the protein to the membrane-bound antibodies resulted in a selective and considerable change in the cellular bioelectric properties measured by means of a Bioelectric Recognition Assay. The novel biosensor provided results in an ultra-rapid manner (3 min), with a detection limit of 1 fg/mL and a semi-linear range of response between 10 fg and 1 μg/mL. In addition, no cross-reactivity was observed against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Furthermore, the biosensor was configured as a ready-to-use platform, including a portable read-out device operated via smartphone/tablet. In this way, we demonstrate that the novel biosensor can be potentially applied for the mass screening of SARS-CoV-2 surface antigens without prior sample processing, therefore offering a possible solution for the timely monitoring and eventual control of the global coronavirus pandemic.
Keywords	Bioelectric Recognition Assay (BERA) ; membrane engineering ; Point-of-Care (POC) ; S1 spike protein ; serological assay ; severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185 ; covid19
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Development of a Portable, Ultra-Rapid and Ultra-Sensitive Cell-Based Biosensor for the Direct Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike Protein Antigen

Mavrikou, Sophie / Moschopoulou, Georgia / Tsekouras, Vasileios / Kintzios, Spyridon

Abstract	One of the key challenges of the recent COVID-19 pandemic is the ability to accurately estimate the number of infected individuals, particularly asymptomatic and/or early-stage patients. We herewith report the proof-of-concept development of a biosensor able to detect the SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein expressed on the surface of the virus. The biosensor is based on membrane-engineered mammalian cells bearing the human chimeric spike S1 antibody. We demonstrate that the attachment of the protein to the membrane-bound antibodies resulted in a selective and considerable change in the cellular bioelectric properties measured by means of a Bioelectric Recognition Assay. The novel biosensor provided results in an ultra-rapid manner (3 min), with a detection limit of 1 fg/mL and a semi-linear range of response between 10 fg and 1 µg/mL. In addition, no cross-reactivity was observed against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Furthermore, the biosensor was configured as a ready-to-use platform, including a portable read-out device operated via smartphone/tablet. In this way, we demonstrate that the novel biosensor can be potentially applied for the mass screening of SARS-CoV-2 surface antigens without prior sample processing, therefore offering a possible solution for the timely monitoring and eventual control of the global coronavirus pandemic.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #437172
Database	COVID19

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Article: Anticancer and biochemical effects of Viscum album L. protein extracts on HeLa cells

Mavrikou, Sophie / Tsekouras, Vasileios / Karageorgou, Maria-Argyro / Moschopoulou, Georgia / Kintzios, Spyridon

Plant cell, tissue, and organ culture. 2020 Feb., v. 140, no. 2

2020

Abstract: European mistletoe (Viscum album) is a medicinal plant with significant anticancer properties. In vitro callus production provides an essential alternative for biomass production and medicinal compounds propagation. In this study, we investigated (a) the ...

Abstract	European mistletoe (Viscum album) is a medicinal plant with significant anticancer properties. In vitro callus production provides an essential alternative for biomass production and medicinal compounds propagation. In this study, we investigated (a) the biotechnological production of somaclonal proteins from mistletoe callus propagation and (b) the in vitro cytotoxic properties of these mistletoe protein extracts against cervical cancer. Mistletoe proteins (MPEs) were extracted from natural resources (plant leaves and stems) and in vitro propagated variant calluses. Potential cytotoxic effects of the extracted proteins on HeLa cells were assessed by the MTT proliferation assay, whereas oxidative damage and induction of apoptosis were measured fluorometrically by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive carboxy-H2-DCFDA method and caspase-3 activation assays, respectively. Electrophoretic results indicated differences in the protein bands between callus and donor plant tissues. Leaf and stem protein extracts (PEs) demonstrated a strong impact on HeLa cells viability by promoting oxidative damage and inducing apoptosis in contrast to callus PEs. This study shows that MPEs application in HeLa cells causes oxidative alterations and apoptosis through caspase-3 activation and increased intracellular ROS levels. These findings may be useful for uncovering novel bioactive products of pharmaceutical interest as well as for gaining an understanding of the biochemical pathways of mistletoe proteins in cancer treatment.
Keywords	Viscum album ; antineoplastic activity ; apoptosis ; biochemical pathways ; biomass production ; callus ; caspase-3 ; cell viability ; cytotoxicity ; electrophoresis ; leaves ; medicinal plants ; proteins ; reactive oxygen species ; stems ; uterine cervical neoplasms
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-02
Size	p. 369-378.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	406394-6
ISSN	1573-5044 ; 0167-6857
ISSN (online)	1573-5044
ISSN	0167-6857
DOI	10.1007/s11240-019-01733-0
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: An In Vitro Study of Saffron Carotenoids: The Effect of Crocin Extracts and Dimethylcrocetin on Cancer Cell Lines.

Hatziagapiou, Kyriaki / Nikola, Olti / Marka, Sofia / Koniari, Eleni / Kakouri, Eleni / Zografaki, Maria-Eleftheria / Mavrikou, Sophie S / Kanakis, Charalabos / Flemetakis, Emmanouil / Chrousos, George P / Kintzios, Spyridon / Lambrou, George I / Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina / Tarantilis, Petros A

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 11, Issue 6

Abstract: ... Crocus ... ...

Abstract	Crocus sativus
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704216-9
ISSN	2076-3921
ISSN	2076-3921
DOI	10.3390/antiox11061074
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: An Ultra-Rapid Biosensory Point-of-Care (POC) Assay for Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Detection in Human Serum.

Mavrikou, Sophie / Moschopoulou, Georgia / Zafeirakis, Athanasios / Kalogeropoulou, Konstantina / Giannakos, Georgios / Skevis, Athanasios / Kintzios, Spyridon

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2018 Volume 18, Issue 11

Abstract: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the established routine screening tool for the detection of early-stage prostate cancer. Given the laboratory-centric nature of the process, the development of a portable, ultra rapid high-throughput system for PSA ... ...

Abstract	Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the established routine screening tool for the detection of early-stage prostate cancer. Given the laboratory-centric nature of the process, the development of a portable, ultra rapid high-throughput system for PSA screening is highly desirable. In this study, an advancedpoint-of-care system for PSA detection in human serum was developed based on a cellular biosensor where the cell membrane was modified by electroinserting a specific antibody against PSA. Thirty nine human serum samples were used for validation of this biosensory system for PSA detection. Samples were analyzed in parallel with a standard immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and an established electrochemical immunoassay was used for comparison purposes. They were classified in three different PSA concentration ranges (0, <4 and ≥4 ng/mL). Cells membrane-engineered with 0.25 μg/mL anti-PSA antibody demonstrated a statistically lower response against the upper (≥4 ng/mL) PSA concentration range. In addition, the cell-based biosensor performed better than the immunosensor in terms of sensitivity and resolution against positive samples containing <4 ng/mL PSA. In spite of its preliminary, proof-of-concept stage of development, the cell-based biosensor could be used as aninitiative for the development of a fast, low-cost, and high-throughput POC screening system for PSA.
MeSH term(s)	Biosensing Techniques/methods ; Electrochemical Techniques ; Gold/chemistry ; Humans ; Immunoassay/methods ; Male ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms/blood
Chemical Substances	Gold (7440-57-5) ; Prostate-Specific Antigen (EC 3.4.21.77)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s18113834
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Clinical Application of the Novel Cell-Based Biosensor for the Ultra-Rapid Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike Protein Antigen: A Practical Approach.

Mavrikou, Sophie / Tsekouras, Vasileios / Hatziagapiou, Kyriaki / Paradeisi, Foteini / Bakakos, Petros / Michos, Athanasios / Koutsoukou, Antonia / Konstantellou, Elissavet / Lambrou, George I / Koniari, Eleni / Tatsi, Elizabeth-Barbara / Papaparaskevas, Joseph / Iliopoulos, Dimitrios / Chrousos, George P / Kintzios, Spyridon

Biosensors

2021 Volume 11, Issue 7

Abstract: The availability of antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 represents a major step for the mass surveillance of the incidence of infection, especially regarding COVID-19 asymptomatic and/or early-stage patients. Recently, we reported the development of a ... ...

Abstract	The availability of antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 represents a major step for the mass surveillance of the incidence of infection, especially regarding COVID-19 asymptomatic and/or early-stage patients. Recently, we reported the development of a Bioelectric Recognition Assay-based biosensor able to detect the SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein expressed on the surface of the virus in just three minutes, with high sensitivity and selectivity. The working principle was established by measuring the change of the electric potential of membrane-engineered mammalian cells bearing the human chimeric spike S1 antibody after attachment of the respective viral protein. In the present study, we applied the novel biosensor to patient-derived nasopharyngeal samples in a clinical set-up, with absolutely no sample pretreatment. More importantly, membrane-engineered cells were pre-immobilized in a proprietary biomatrix, thus enabling their long-term preservation prior to use as well as significantly increasing their ease-of-handle as test consumables. The plug-and-apply novel biosensor was able to detect the virus in positive samples with a 92.8% success rate compared to RT-PCR. No false negative results were recorded. These findings demonstrate the potential applicability of the biosensor for the early, routine mass screening of SARS-CoV-2 on a scale not yet realized.
MeSH term(s)	Biosensing Techniques/methods ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing ; COVID-19 Serological Testing ; Cell Line ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Limit of Detection ; Nasopharynx/immunology ; Nasopharynx/virology ; Population Surveillance ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/analysis
Chemical Substances	Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662125-3
ISSN	2079-6374 ; 2079-6374
ISSN (online)	2079-6374
ISSN	2079-6374
DOI	10.3390/bios11070224
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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