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Article ; Online: Team-based learning: A medical student's perspective.

Ho, Carmen Lok Tung

2019 Volume 41, Issue 9, Page(s) 1087

MeSH term(s)	Education, Medical ; Humans ; Motivation ; Problem-Based Learning ; Students, Medical
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	424426-6
ISSN	1466-187X ; 0142-159X
ISSN (online)	1466-187X
ISSN	0142-159X
DOI	10.1080/0142159X.2018.1555370
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Article: Peer tutoring scheme: a medical student's perspective.

Ho, Carmen Lok Tung

Advances in medical education and practice

2018 Volume 9, Page(s) 605–606

Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-29
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2578539-4
ISSN	1179-7258
ISSN	1179-7258
DOI	10.2147/AMEP.S178365
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Article ; Online: The Effects of Testosterone Treatment on Cardiovascular Health.

Jayasena, Channa N / Ho, Carmen Lok Tung / Bhasin, Shalender

Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

2022 Volume 51, Issue 1, Page(s) 109–122

Abstract: Current evidence suggests that testosterone therapy has numerous benefits and risks on cardiovascular health. Examples of this include published data that support improvements in insulin sensitivity and body composition which may reduce the risk of ... ...

Abstract	Current evidence suggests that testosterone therapy has numerous benefits and risks on cardiovascular health. Examples of this include published data that support improvements in insulin sensitivity and body composition which may reduce the risk of diabetes. On the other hand, testosterone therapy may offset such benefits by mild impairments in lipid parameters. Consequently, controversy on the effects of testosterone therapy on cardiovascular health remains. Studies are underway to clarify this important question for the benefit of men with hypogonadism.
MeSH term(s)	Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Cardiovascular System ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Hypogonadism/drug therapy ; Male ; Testosterone/pharmacology ; Testosterone/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	92116-6
ISSN	1558-4410 ; 0889-8529
ISSN (online)	1558-4410
ISSN	0889-8529
DOI	10.1016/j.ecl.2021.11.006
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Article ; Online: Does norovirus induce acute hepatitis?

Carmen Lok Tung Ho / Olivia Oligbu / Fatma Asaid / Godwin Oligbu

AIMS Public Health, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 148-

2020 Volume 157

Abstract: Background: Norovirus is the commonest cause of acute viral gastroenteritis with significant morbidity. Extra intestinal manifestation following norovirus infection is rare and the mechanism is unknown. Methods: We undertook a review of the English ... ...

Abstract	Background: Norovirus is the commonest cause of acute viral gastroenteritis with significant morbidity. Extra intestinal manifestation following norovirus infection is rare and the mechanism is unknown. Methods: We undertook a review of the English literature published from January 1967 to April 2019 to evaluate the risk of acute viral hepatitis due to norovirus gastroenteritis. Data sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and references within identified articles. Results: We identified 126 potential studies and included 5 publications involving 17 cases of norovirus induced hepatitis, and all had elevated ALT (31.7–458IU/l) and AST levels (45.6–1150IU/l). Majority of the cases were below the age of 18 (88%, n = 15) and almost two-third (64.7%, n = 11) had supportive treatment, mainly intravenous fluid administration. In cases reporting sex, there were more females than males (62.5%, 5/8 vs. 37.5%, 3/8). The duration of illness was longer, on average 10 days, compared to 3 days in those without elevated transaminitis and it took an average of 22.5 days for liver enzymes to settle. All patients recovered fully with no progression to chronic liver disease. Conclusion: Norovirus gastroenteritis is a self-limiting illness with majority not requiring hospitalisation and invasive investigations. We recommend that clinicians should be aware of norovirus induced transaminitis, and to suspect this especially in children who are likely to have protracted illness and require hospitalisation due to norovirus acute hepatitis.
Keywords	norovirus ; acute hepatitis ; transaminitis ; gastroenteritis ; liver ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	AIMS Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Does norovirus induce acute hepatitis?

Ho, Carmen Lok Tung / Oligbu, Olivia / Asaid, Fatma / Oligbu, Godwin

AIMS public health

2020 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 148–157

Abstract: Background: Norovirus is the commonest cause of acute viral gastroenteritis with significant morbidity. Extra intestinal manifestation following norovirus infection is rare and the mechanism is unknown.: Methods: We undertook a review of the English ... ...

Abstract	Background: Norovirus is the commonest cause of acute viral gastroenteritis with significant morbidity. Extra intestinal manifestation following norovirus infection is rare and the mechanism is unknown. Methods: We undertook a review of the English literature published from January 1967 to April 2019 to evaluate the risk of acute viral hepatitis due to norovirus gastroenteritis. Data sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and references within identified articles. Results: We identified 126 potential studies and included 5 publications involving 17 cases of norovirus induced hepatitis, and all had elevated ALT (31.7-458IU/l) and AST levels (45.6-1150IU/l). Majority of the cases were below the age of 18 (88%, n = 15) and almost two-third (64.7%, n = 11) had supportive treatment, mainly intravenous fluid administration. In cases reporting sex, there were more females than males (62.5%, 5/8 vs. 37.5%, 3/8). The duration of illness was longer, on average 10 days, compared to 3 days in those without elevated transaminitis and it took an average of 22.5 days for liver enzymes to settle. All patients recovered fully with no progression to chronic liver disease. Conclusion: Norovirus gastroenteritis is a self-limiting illness with majority not requiring hospitalisation and invasive investigations. We recommend that clinicians should be aware of norovirus induced transaminitis, and to suspect this especially in children who are likely to have protracted illness and require hospitalisation due to norovirus acute hepatitis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2777115-5
ISSN	2327-8994 ; 2327-8994
ISSN (online)	2327-8994
ISSN	2327-8994
DOI	10.3934/publichealth.2020013
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Article: Periorbital squamous cell carcinoma with simultaneous adenocarcinoma in the right orbit.

Ho, Carmen Lok Tung / Visavadia, Bhavin / Shah, Keval / Deshmukh, Manjiri

International journal of surgery case reports

2020 Volume 67, Page(s) 187–190

Abstract: Introduction: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is an invasive and malignant tumour that is common in the orbital region. However, adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland has an incidence of less than one case per million per year. We present a ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is an invasive and malignant tumour that is common in the orbital region. However, adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland has an incidence of less than one case per million per year. We present a patient who experienced a cSCC and adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland, which is unusual for both these cancers to present in the same patient in such close proximity. Presentation of case: A 47-year old male patient was referred for management of a cSCC of the right upper eyelid. This was treated surgically by means of wide local excision and orbital exenteration. Histological analysis of the resection specimen found an incidental synchronous lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma. To our knowledge this is the first case report to describe this phenomenon. Discussion: Although SCC is the most common secondary epithelial neoplasms of the orbit region, adenocarcinomas are rare in this same region. Currently, when performing a literature search, there has been no cases found that documents a poorly differentiated cSCC with a synchronous adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland. This is mainly because there are improved facilities and accessible healthcare. This report will mainly focus on the presentation and management of this patient case. Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first case report documenting a poorly differentiated cSCC and a synchronous adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland. Our case report raises the awareness of the possibility of patients with synchronous tumours and is a valuable addition to the literature.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2210-2612
ISSN	2210-2612
DOI	10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.02.006
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Clinical Characteristics of Children with COVID-19.

Tung Ho, Carmen Lok / Oligbu, Peter / Ojubolamo, Olakunle / Pervaiz, Muhammad / Oligbu, Godwin

AIMS public health

2020 Volume 7, Issue 2, Page(s) 258–273

Abstract: Background: In December 2019, the infection caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) led to an outbreak in Wuhan, situated in the Hubei Province of China. Following this, there has been a rapid increase in the number of cases. On 12th March 2020, ... ...

Abstract	Background: In December 2019, the infection caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) led to an outbreak in Wuhan, situated in the Hubei Province of China. Following this, there has been a rapid increase in the number of cases. On 12th March 2020, there were over 100,000 confirmed cases and almost 4,300 deaths worldwide. The clinical profile of children with COVID-19 is unknown due to the few number of cases reported. Currently, available data suggest they may have a milder form of illness. Methods: A review of the literature published from June 2019 to March 2020 was undertaken to evaluate the clinical presentation, management and outcomes of COVID-19 in in children. Data sources included EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane library, ISI Web of Knowledge and references within identified articles. Results: We identified 303 potential studies, and 295 were excluded for reasons including duplicates, experimental studies and case reports. Eight studies were eligible for inclusion, including a total of 820 paediatric cases of COVID-19. Asymptomatic cases represented 14.3% (n = 117) of the total number of cases identified, and thus the remaining 85.7% (n = 703) experienced symptoms. Fever was the commonest symptom in 53.9% (n = 48) of cases, followed by cough in 39.3% (n = 35) of cases, and rhinorrhoea or pharyngeal congestion in 13.5% (n = 12) of cases. Diarrhoea and sore throats were less common symptoms, 7.9% (n = 7) and 9.0% (n = 8) respectively. Other symptoms, including fatigue, headache and dizziness were rare. Conclusion: Children are disproportionately affected by COVID-19 and are more likely to run a milder cause of illness following this infection compared to adults. This outbreak only started 3 months ago, therefore, further population wide studies are needed to validate these findings.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2777115-5
ISSN	2327-8994 ; 2327-8994
ISSN (online)	2327-8994
ISSN	2327-8994
DOI	10.3934/publichealth.2020022
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Article ; Online: Clinical Characteristics of Children with COVID-19

Carmen Lok Tung Ho / Peter Oligbu / Olakunle Ojubolamo / Muhammad Pervaiz / Godwin Oligbu

AIMS Public Health, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp 258-

2020 Volume 273

Abstract	Background: In December 2019, the infection caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) led to an outbreak in Wuhan, situated in the Hubei Province of China. Following this, there has been a rapid increase in the number of cases. On 12th March 2020, there were over 100,000 confirmed cases and almost 4,300 deaths worldwide. The clinical profile of children with COVID-19 is unknown due to the few number of cases reported. Currently, available data suggest they may have a milder form of illness. Methods: A review of the literature published from June 2019 to March 2020 was undertaken to evaluate the clinical presentation, management and outcomes of COVID-19 in in children. Data sources included EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane library, ISI Web of Knowledge and references within identified articles. Results: We identified 303 potential studies, and 295 were excluded for reasons including duplicates, experimental studies and case reports. Eight studies were eligible for inclusion, including a total of 820 paediatric cases of COVID-19. Asymptomatic cases represented 14.3% (n = 117) of the total number of cases identified, and thus the remaining 85.7% (n = 703) experienced symptoms. Fever was the commonest symptom in 53.9% (n = 48) of cases, followed by cough in 39.3% (n = 35) of cases, and rhinorrhoea or pharyngeal congestion in 13.5% (n = 12) of cases. Diarrhoea and sore throats were less common symptoms, 7.9% (n = 7) and 9.0% (n = 8) respectively. Other symptoms, including fatigue, headache and dizziness were rare. Conclusion: Children are disproportionately affected by COVID-19 and are more likely to run a milder cause of illness following this infection compared to adults. This outbreak only started 3 months ago, therefore, further population wide studies are needed to validate these findings.
Keywords	covid-19 ; coronavirus ; infectious disease ; pandemic ; 2019-ncov ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; paediatric ; children ; sars-cov-2 ; virus ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; covid19
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	AIMS Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Clinical Characteristics of Children with COVID-19

Tung Ho, Carmen Lok / Oligbu, Peter / Ojubolamo, Olakunle / Pervaiz, Muhammad / Oligbu, Godwin

AIMS public health

Abstract: Background: In December 2019, the infection caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) led to an outbreak in Wuhan, situated in the Hubei Province of China Following this, there has been a rapid increase in the number of cases On 12th March 2020, there ... ...

Abstract	Background: In December 2019, the infection caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) led to an outbreak in Wuhan, situated in the Hubei Province of China Following this, there has been a rapid increase in the number of cases On 12th March 2020, there were over 100,000 confirmed cases and almost 4,300 deaths worldwide The clinical profile of children with COVID-19 is unknown due to the few number of cases reported Currently, available data suggest they may have a milder form of illness Methods: A review of the literature published from June 2019 to March 2020 was undertaken to evaluate the clinical presentation, management and outcomes of COVID-19 in in children Data sources included EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane library, ISI Web of Knowledge and references within identified articles Results: We identified 303 potential studies, and 295 were excluded for reasons including duplicates, experimental studies and case reports Eight studies were eligible for inclusion, including a total of 820 paediatric cases of COVID-19 Asymptomatic cases represented 14 3% (n = 117) of the total number of cases identified, and thus the remaining 85 7% (n = 703) experienced symptoms Fever was the commonest symptom in 53 9% (n = 48) of cases, followed by cough in 39 3% (n = 35) of cases, and rhinorrhoea or pharyngeal congestion in 13 5% (n = 12) of cases Diarrhoea and sore throats were less common symptoms, 7 9% (n = 7) and 9 0% (n = 8) respectively Other symptoms, including fatigue, headache and dizziness were rare Conclusion: Children are disproportionately affected by COVID-19 and are more likely to run a milder cause of illness following this infection compared to adults This outbreak only started 3 months ago, therefore, further population wide studies are needed to validate these findings
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #629530
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: The relationship between genitourinary microorganisms and oxidative stress, sperm DNA fragmentation and semen parameters in infertile men.

Ho, Carmen Lok Tung / Vaughan-Constable, Daniella R / Ramsay, Jonathan / Jayasena, Channa / Tharakan, Tharu / Yap, Tet / Whiteman, Iris / Graham, Nadia / Minhas, Suks / Homa, Sheryl T

Andrologia

2021 Volume 54, Issue 2, Page(s) e14322

Abstract: An imbalance in the genitourinary microbiome is emerging as a contributing factor to male infertility. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between genitourinary microorganisms and seminal oxidative stress, sperm DNA ...

Abstract	An imbalance in the genitourinary microbiome is emerging as a contributing factor to male infertility. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between genitourinary microorganisms and seminal oxidative stress, sperm DNA fragmentation and semen parameters. It included 770 men attending for diagnostic testing for subfertility. Genitourinary microorganisms were identified in 43.0% men; 20.1% had microorganisms in semen; 18.7% in urine; and 5.8% had microorganisms in urine and semen. Enterococcus faecalis was the most prevalent organism in semen (22.0% samples; 61.5% organisms) with Ureaplasma spp. (16.9% samples; 53.3% organisms) and Gardnerella vaginalis (11.4% samples; 37.4% organisms) most prevalent in urine. Semen parameters were unaffected by microorganisms (p > 0.05). Seminal ROS were significantly higher in men with microorganisms compared to those without (p < 0.001), particularly when present in both urine and semen (p < 0.01). Microorganisms were associated with significantly higher DNA fragmentation, irrespective of whether they were in semen or urine (p < 0.001). An imbalance in the genitourinary microbiome is associated with DNA damage and oxidative stress which may have considerable consequences for achieving an ongoing pregnancy. This highlights the need for incorporating genitourinary microorganism screening for all men as part of diagnostic evaluation prior to undergoing treatment for infertility.
MeSH term(s)	DNA Fragmentation ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/diagnosis ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Semen ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-24
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	7280-1
ISSN	1439-0272 ; 0303-4569
ISSN (online)	1439-0272
ISSN	0303-4569
DOI	10.1111/and.14322
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