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Article ; Online: Acute and 90-day toxicological safety assessment of Shang-Ke-Huang-Shui lotion in New Zealand White rabbits.

Zheng, Fanghao / Zhao, Tingting / Liu, Zhenyang

2023 Volume 319, Issue Pt 1, Page(s) 117027

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Shang-Ke-Huang-Shui lotion (SKHS), an experiential formula based ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Shang-Ke-Huang-Shui lotion (SKHS), an experiential formula based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine as a hospital preparation, combines Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Gardeniae Fructus, Arnebiae Radix, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba and Alumen. While it has acquired positive effects on the treatment of soft tissue injuries, there is no systematic safety assessment in recent studies. Aim of the study: The study aimed to investigate the acute and long-term toxicity in New Zealand White rabbits using topical administration of SKHS. Materials and methods: In the acute toxicity study, rabbits were given topical administration of SKHS extract (2.775 g crude drug/mL) 3 times daily in normal and broken skin. In the long-term toxicity study, rabbits underwent topical administration of SKHS extract (1.390, 0.694, 0.139 g crude drug/mL) 1 time per day in normal and broken skin for 90 days. Their general behavior, body weight, food intake, biochemical and hematologic parameters, organ coefficients, and pathological morphology were analyzed. Results: Mild skin irritation was observed in rabbits with normal or broken skin following acute exposure to the high dose of SKHS. Evidence of toxicity was not observed in the rabbits exposed to SKHS for an extended period. Although some parameters have been significant changes, they cannot be considered treatment-related because they have remained within normal limits. Conclusion: Topical administration of SKHS could be considered relatively safe and did not reveal any severe toxicity or side effects in this study.
MeSH term(s)	Rabbits ; Animals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plant Roots ; Rhizome ; Plant Extracts/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Plant Extracts
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-11
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2023.117027
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Article ; Online: Shang-Ke-Huang-Shui and coptisine alleviate osteoarthritis in the knee of monosodium iodoacetate-induced rats through inhibiting CXCR4 signaling.

Yang, Kuangyang / Xie, Qian / Liao, Jiaxin / Zhao, Na / Liang, Jianhui / Liu, Ben / Chen, Jianhai / Cheng, Wenxiang / Bai, Xueling / Zhang, Peng / Liu, Qian / Song, Bing / Wang, Junyi Danny / Zheng, Fanghao / Hu, Chun / Liu, Lichu / Chen, Lei / Wang, Yan

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2023 Volume 311, Page(s) 116476

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Shang-Ke-Huang-Shui (SKHS) is a classic ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Shang-Ke-Huang-Shui (SKHS) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula originally from the southern China city of Foshan. It has been widely used in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) but underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Aim of study: Recently, activation of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) signaling has been reported to induce cartilage degradation in OA patients; therefore, inhibition of CXCR4 signaling has becoming a promising approach for OA treatment. The aim of this study was to validate the cartilage protective effect of SKHS and test whether the anti-OA effects of SKHS depend on its inhibition on CXCR4 signaling. Additionally, CXCR4 antagonist in SKHS should be identified and its anti-OA activity should also be tested in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The anti-OA effects of SKHS and the newly identified CXCR4 antagonist was evaluated by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rats. The articular cartilage surface was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Safranin O-Fast Green (S-F) staining whereas the subchondral bone was examined by micro-CT. CXCR4 antagonist screenings were conducted by molecular docking and calcium response assay. The CXCR4 antagonist was characterized by UPLC/MS/MS. The bulk RNA-Seq was conducted to identify CXCR4-mediated signaling pathway. The expression of ADAMTS4,5 was tested by qPCR and Western blot. Results: SKHS protected rats from MIA-induced cartilage degradation and subchondral bone damage. SKHS also inhibited CXCL12-indcued ADAMTS4,5 overexpression in chondrocytes through inhibiting Akt pathway. Coptisine has been identified as the most potent CXCR4 antagonist in SKHS. Coptisine reduced CXCL12-induced ADAMTS4,5 overexpression in chondrocytes. Furthermore, in MIA-induced OA model, the repaired cartilage and subchondral bone were observed in the coptisine-treated rats. Conclusion: We first report here that the traditional Chinese medicine formula SKHS and its predominate phytochemical coptisine significantly alleviated cartilage degradation as well as subchondral bone damage through inhibiting CXCR4-mediated ADAMTS4,5 overexpression. Together, our work has provided an important insight of the molecular mechanism of SKHS and coptisine for their treatment of OA.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Iodoacetic Acid/adverse effects ; Iodoacetic Acid/metabolism ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Osteoarthritis/chemically induced ; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy ; Cartilage, Articular ; Chondrocytes ; Signal Transduction ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Iodoacetic Acid (WF5188V710) ; coptisine (0GCL71VN14) ; Cxcr4 protein, rat ; Receptors, CXCR4
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-07
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2023.116476
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Article ; Online: Incorrect P Values in Two Articles by Ke-Xuan Liu, M.D., Ph.D., et al.

Liu, Ke-Xuan / Li, Cai / Yang, Wen-Han

Anesthesiology

2019 Volume 131, Issue 1, Page(s) 220

MeSH term(s)	Anesthetics ; Periodicals as Topic
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	269-0
ISSN	1528-1175 ; 0003-3022
ISSN (online)	1528-1175
ISSN	0003-3022
DOI	10.1097/ALN.0000000000002792
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Article ; Online: TRPA1 is involved in the inhibitory effect of Ke-teng-zi on allergic contact dermatitis via MAPK and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways.

Ju, Yankun / Luo, Miao / Yan, Ting / Zhou, Zhengfan / Zhang, Man / Zhao, Zhongqiu / Liu, Xinqiao / Mei, Zhinan / Xiong, Hui

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2023 Volume 307, Page(s) 116182

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: The seeds of Entada phaseoloides (Linn.) Merr. commonly named "Ke ... However, the exact effect and the mechanism of Ke-teng-zi on the treatment of dermatitis is unclear.: Aim ... of the study: To elucidate the antipruritic effect and molecular mechanisms of Ke-teng-zi on the treatment ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: The seeds of Entada phaseoloides (Linn.) Merr. commonly named "Ke-teng-zi" is a traditional Chinese folk medicine and reported to treat dermatitis, spasm, and headache. However, the exact effect and the mechanism of Ke-teng-zi on the treatment of dermatitis is unclear. Aim of the study: To elucidate the antipruritic effect and molecular mechanisms of Ke-teng-zi on the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Materials and methods: The main components of the n-butanol fraction of 70% ethanol extract from Ke-teng-zi (abbreviated as KB) were analyzed by HPLC. The chloroquine (CQ)-induced acute itch and squaraine dibutyl ester (SADBE)-induced ACD chronic itch in mice was established, and the TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulated Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were used to evaluate the antipruritic and anti-inflammatory effects of KB. Behavioral tests, lesion scoring, and histology were also examined. The expression levels of molecules in MAPK and JAK/STAT3 pathways, the mRNA levels of chemokines and cytokines in both the skin of ACD mice and the HaCaT cells were detected by western blot and qPCR. Furthermore, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in TRPA1-tranfected HEK293T cells were used to elucidate the effect of KB on TRPA1 channels. TRPA1 siRNA was used to evaluate the role of TRPA1 in the anti-inflammatory effect of KB in keratinocytes. Results: The main compounds in KB could bind to the active sites of TRPA1 mainly through hydrogen bond and hydrophobic bond interactions. KB could inhibit the scratching behavior in CQ-induced acute itch, and the inhibitory effect of KB was blocked by TRPA1 inhibitor HC-030031. In addition, KB significantly decreased the scratching bouts of ACD mice, reduced the skin lesion scores, mast cells degranulation, and epidermal thickening, inhibited the production of inflammatory chemokines/cytokines and CGRP, and down-regulated the levels of p-ERK1/2, p-p38, and p-STAT3, compared to the ACD mice. Moreover, continuous application of KB induced the desensitization of TRPA1 channels. Also, KB inhibited the expression of p-ERK1/2, p-p38, and p-STAT3, and down-regulated the expression of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines in vitro, which were reversed by the TRPA1 siRNA. Conclusions: KB alleviated the pruritus and skin inflammation in ACD mice through TRPA1 channels desensitization and down-regulation of intracellular MAPK and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways. Our results suggested that Ke-teng-zi is a potential drug for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases such as ACD.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Antipruritics/therapeutic use ; Chemokines/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/drug therapy ; HEK293 Cells ; Pruritus ; Signal Transduction ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; TRPA1 Cation Channel/metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Janus Kinases/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Antipruritics ; Chemokines ; Cytokines ; STAT3 protein, human ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; TRPA1 Cation Channel ; TRPA1 protein, human ; Trpa1 protein, mouse ; Janus Kinases (EC 2.7.10.2) ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-24
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2023.116182
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Article ; Online: Erratum: SILVIA FABRIZI, WAN-GANG LIU, MING BAI, XING-KE YANG amp; DIRK AHRENS (2021) A monograph of the genus Maladera Mulsant amp; Rey, 1871 of China (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Sericini). Zootaxa, 4922 (1): 001400.

Fabrizi, Silvia / Liu, Wan-Gang / Bai, Ming / Yang, Xing-Ke / Ahrens, Dirk

Zootaxa

2022 Volume 5169, Issue 6, Page(s) 600

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-03
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1175-5334
ISSN (online)	1175-5334
DOI	10.11646/zootaxa.5169.6.7
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Article ; Online: Shang-Ke-Huang-Shui and coptisine alleviate osteoarthritis in the knee of monosodium iodoacetate-induced rats through inhibiting CXCR4 signaling

Yang, Kuangyang / Xie, Qian / Liao, Jiaxin / Zhao, Na / Liang, Jianhui / Liu, Ben / Chen, Jianhai / Cheng, Wenxiang / Bai, Xueling / Zhang, Peng / Liu, Qian / Song, Bing / Wang, Junyi (Danny) / Zheng, Fanghao / Hu, Jun / Liu, Lichu / Chen, Lei / Wang, Yan

Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2023 July, v. 311 p.116476-

2023

Abstract: Shang-Ke-Huang-Shui (SKHS) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula originally ...

Abstract	Shang-Ke-Huang-Shui (SKHS) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula originally from the southern China city of Foshan. It has been widely used in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) but underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, activation of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) signaling has been reported to induce cartilage degradation in OA patients; therefore, inhibition of CXCR4 signaling has becoming a promising approach for OA treatment. The aim of this study was to validate the cartilage protective effect of SKHS and test whether the anti-OA effects of SKHS depend on its inhibition on CXCR4 signaling. Additionally, CXCR4 antagonist in SKHS should be identified and its anti-OA activity should also be tested in vitro and in vivo. The anti-OA effects of SKHS and the newly identified CXCR4 antagonist was evaluated by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rats. The articular cartilage surface was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Safranin O-Fast Green (S–F) staining whereas the subchondral bone was examined by micro-CT. CXCR4 antagonist screenings were conducted by molecular docking and calcium response assay. The CXCR4 antagonist was characterized by UPLC/MS/MS. The bulk RNA-Seq was conducted to identify CXCR4-mediated signaling pathway. The expression of ADAMTS4,5 was tested by qPCR and Western blot. SKHS protected rats from MIA-induced cartilage degradation and subchondral bone damage. SKHS also inhibited CXCL12-indcued ADAMTS4,5 overexpression in chondrocytes through inhibiting Akt pathway. Coptisine has been identified as the most potent CXCR4 antagonist in SKHS. Coptisine reduced CXCL12-induced ADAMTS4,5 overexpression in chondrocytes. Furthermore, in MIA-induced OA model, the repaired cartilage and subchondral bone were observed in the coptisine-treated rats. We first report here that the traditional Chinese medicine formula SKHS and its predominate phytochemical coptisine significantly alleviated cartilage degradation as well as subchondral bone damage through inhibiting CXCR4-mediated ADAMTS4,5 overexpression. Together, our work has provided an important insight of the molecular mechanism of SKHS and coptisine for their treatment of OA.
Keywords	CXCR4 receptor ; Oriental traditional medicine ; Western blotting ; antagonists ; calcium ; cartilage ; chondrocytes ; eosin ; micro-computed tomography ; models ; osteoarthritis ; phytochemicals ; protective effect ; sequence analysis ; China ; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 ; Shang-Ke-Huang-Shui ; Coptidis Rhizoma ; coptisine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-07
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2023.116476
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: ‘Qiao Ran Bao Ke’: A New Cultivar of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge with Thin Skin

Xu, Huihui / Wang, Xi / Liu, Xiaojuan / Li, Yingchao / Wang, Libing / Yu, Haiyan / Bi, Quanxin

HortScience. 2022 June, v. 57, no. 6

2022

Abstract: Yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) is a deciduous shrub or small tree of the genus Xanthoceras in the family Sapindaceae. It is a unique oil tree species in northern China. Its kernels have a high oil content (>60%) and rich unsaturated fatty ... ...

Abstract	Yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) is a deciduous shrub or small tree of the genus Xanthoceras in the family Sapindaceae. It is a unique oil tree species in northern China. Its kernels have a high oil content (>60%) and rich unsaturated fatty acids—such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, and neuronal acid—that have high edible and medicinal values. Unsaturated fatty acids scavenge free radicals and have antioxidant functions. Oleic acid and linoleic acid prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases and have significant effects on lowering blood pressure. Neurotic acid could repair and regenerate the damaged nervous system and enhance memory (Yu et al., 2017). The yellowhorn oil also has properties similar to those of ordinary diesel oil, and it is a good biomass energy tree species (Ma et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2012). Additionally, it is an ecological tree for landscaping and forestation that has high ornamental value, with colorful flowers and strong resistance to stress.
Keywords	Xanthoceras sorbifolium ; antioxidants ; bioenergy ; blood pressure ; cultivars ; diesel fuel ; linoleic acid ; lipid content ; memory ; neurons ; oils ; oleic acid ; ornamental value ; shrubs ; trees ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-06
Size	p. 731-732.
Publishing place	American Society for Horticultural Science
Document type	Article
ISSN	2327-9834
DOI	10.21273/HORTSCI16589-22
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Article: Network Pharmacology Identifies the Mechanisms of Sang-Xing-Zhi-Ke-Fang against Pharyngitis.

Deng, Yinhe / Li, Quanjiang / Li, Menglin / Han, Tiantian / Li, Guixian / Liu, Qiong

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

2020 Volume 2020, Page(s) 2421916

Abstract: Background: Sang-Xing-Zhi-Ke-Fang (SXZKF) demonstrates good therapeutic effect against pharyngitis ...

Abstract	Background: Sang-Xing-Zhi-Ke-Fang (SXZKF) demonstrates good therapeutic effect against pharyngitis. Nevertheless, the pharmacological mechanism underlying its effectiveness is still unclear. Objective: To investigate the underlying mechanisms of SXZKF against pharyngitis using network pharmacology method. Methods: Bioactive ingredients of SXZKF were collected and screened using published literature and two public databases. Using four public databases, the overlapping genes between these bioactive compound-related and pharyngitis-related genes were identified by Venn diagram. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) was obtained using "Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING)" database. "Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery ver. 6.8 (DAVID 6.8)" was used to perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis to explore the molecular mechanisms of SXZKF against pharyngitis. Finally, Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct and visualize the networks. Result: A total of 102 bioactive compounds were identified. Among them, 886 compounds-related and 6258 pharyngitis-related genes were identified, including 387 overlapping genes. Sixty-three core targets were obtained, including ALB, PPAR Conclusion: This is the first identification of in-depth study of SXZKF against pharyngitis using network pharmacology. This new evidence could be informative in providing new support on the clinical effects of SXZKF on pharyngitis and for the development of personalized medicine for pharyngitis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2171158-6
ISSN	1741-4288 ; 1741-427X
ISSN (online)	1741-4288
ISSN	1741-427X
DOI	10.1155/2020/2421916
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Article: [Guiding significance of "disease-syndrome-symptom" mode in FU Qing-zhu's Obstetrics and Gynecology (FU Qing-zhu Nyu Ke) for dealing with ovulation disorder infertility caused by hyperprolactinemia].

Liu, Xiao-Qian / Ma, Kun / Zhang, Xiao-Yu / Yin, Yun-Dong

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

2022 Volume 47, Issue 6, Page(s) 1694–1699

Abstract: ... Obstetrics and Gynecology(FU Qing-zhu Nyu Ke) for dealing with ovulation disorder infertility caused ... by hyperprolactinemia(HPRL). FU Qing-zhu's Obstetrics and Gynecology(FU Qing-zhu Nyu Ke) concentrates on the disease ... zhu's Obstetrics and Gynecology(FU Qing-zhu Nyu Ke) sheds enlightenment on the diagnosis and treatment ...

Abstract	This paper discussed the guiding significance of "disease-syndrome-symptom" mode in FU Qing-zhu's Obstetrics and Gynecology(FU Qing-zhu Nyu Ke) for dealing with ovulation disorder infertility caused by hyperprolactinemia(HPRL). FU Qing-zhu's Obstetrics and Gynecology(FU Qing-zhu Nyu Ke) concentrates on the disease entities, main symptoms, pathogenesis, and syndrome differentiation, based on which the prescriptions are prescribed. This reflects the "disease-syndrome-symptom" mode, with the core lying in the "combination of disease with syndrome". The contained Discussion on Menstruation Regulation(Tiao Jing Pian) and Discussion on Getting Pregnant(Zhong Zi Pian) have important reference significance for later doctors in the diagnosis and treatment of inferti-lity, and many prescriptions are still in use due to good effects. It is believed in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) that HPRL results from kidney deficiency and liver depression, among which kidney deficiency is the main cause. Liver depression accelerates the onset of HPRL, so the kidney-tonifying and liver-soothing herbs were mainly selected. The "disease-syndrome-symptom" mode in FU Qing-zhu's Obstetrics and Gynecology(FU Qing-zhu Nyu Ke) sheds enlightenment on the diagnosis and treatment of ovulation infertility caused by HPRL, in that it is not confined to disease entity and syndrome type. The integration of "disease-syndrome-symptom" highlights the main complaint of patients and emphasizes the main pathogenesis, thus giving full play to the overall advantage of syndrome differentiation. For multiple diseases in FU Qing-zhu's Obstetrics and Gynecology(FU Qing-zhu Nyu Ke) such as infertility due to liver depression, infertility due to obesity, delayed menstruation, and irregular menstruation, although the typical lactation symptom of HPRL is not mentioned, the medication can still be determined according to the chief complaint, syndrome type, and symptoms and signs, making up for the defects of excessive reliance on serum biochemical indicators in modern Chinese medicine. We should learn its diagnosis and treatment thoughts of paying attention to liver, spleen, kidney, and heart, holism, and strengthening body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia/complications ; Hyperprolactinemia/drug therapy ; Infertility ; Obstetrics ; Ovulation ; Pregnancy
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2022-03-28
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1004649-5
ISSN	1001-5302 ; 0254-0029
ISSN	1001-5302 ; 0254-0029
DOI	10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20211208.502
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Article: Integrated Systems Pharmacology and Surface Plasmon Resonance Approaches to Reveal the Synergistic Effect of Multiple Components of Gu-Ben-Ke-Chuan Decoction on Chronic Bronchitis.

Luo, Zhiqiang / Yu, Guohua / Wang, Wubin / Sun, Rui / Zhang, Binbin / Wang, Jing / Liu, Jing / Gao, Shan / Wang, Peng / Shi, Yuanyuan

Journal of inflammation research

2021 Volume 14, Page(s) 1455–1471

Abstract: Introduction: Gu-Ben-Ke-Chuan (GBKC) decoction, a well-known prescription composed of seven herbs ...

Abstract	Introduction: Gu-Ben-Ke-Chuan (GBKC) decoction, a well-known prescription composed of seven herbs, has been widely used for treating chronic bronchitis (CB). However, the pharmacological constituents of GBKC and the underlying mechanisms by which these components act on CB remain unclear. Methods: Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap) was first employed to rapidly identify compounds from GBKC. Thereafter, network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses were performed to identify the potential active constituents, candidate targets, and major pathways. Finally, the affinities between the key compounds and targets were verified via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect of GBKC was verified using an LPS-induced inflammatory cell model based on the predicted results. Results: A total of 53 major compounds were identified in the GBKC decoction. After network pharmacology-based virtual screening, 141 major targets and 39 main compounds were identified to be effective in the treatment of CB. The major targets were highly enriched in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, suggesting that GBKC could attenuate the inflammatory response in patients with CB. Furthermore, molecular docking results indicated that 20 pairs of components and target proteins relevant to the TNF pathway exhibited notable interactions. Among them, eight compound-target pairs exhibited good affinity as per SPR analysis. In addition, the production of interleukin 6 and TNF-α in LPS-induced MH-S cells was suppressed after GBKC treatment. Conclusion: This study successfully clarified the mechanism of action of GBKC against CB, which demonstrated that the integrated strategy described above is reliable for identifying the active compounds and mechanisms responsible for the pharmacological activities of GBKC decoction.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-15
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2494878-0
ISSN	1178-7031
ISSN	1178-7031
DOI	10.2147/JIR.S303530
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