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Article: The relative involvement of Th1 and Th2 associated immune responses in the expulsion of a primary infection of Heligmosomoides polygyrus in mice of differing response phenotype.

Ben-Smith, A / Lammas, D A / Behnke, J M

2003 Volume 77, Issue 2, Page(s) 133–146

Abstract: T helper cell (Th1 and Th2) associated responses were examined following a primary infection with the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus in five inbred strains of mice with different resistance phenotypes. Levels of (i) mast cell ... ...

Abstract	T helper cell (Th1 and Th2) associated responses were examined following a primary infection with the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus in five inbred strains of mice with different resistance phenotypes. Levels of (i) mast cell protease, (ii) specific IgE, (iii) nitric oxide and (iv) specific IgG2a, as markers of Th2 and Th1 associated responses, respectively, were determined in sera and intestinal fluids and correlated with worm burdens. The "fast" responder (resistant) strains SWR and SJL produced strong Th2 and Th1 associated responses respectively in a mutually exclusive fashion. The F1 hybrid (SWRxSJL) F1, showed rapid expulsion of the parasite and expressed both intense Th1 and Th2 responses, suggesting synergism between Th1 and Th2 activity in these mice. The results indicate that both Th2 and Th1 responses operate in mice following a primary infection with H. polygyrus and that each Th response may be involved to a greater or lesser degree within certain strains. Resistance to H. polygyrus was found to correlate only to the intensity of either the gut-associated mastocytosis or nitric oxide production in these strains but not to either specific IgE or IgG2a titres. Chronic infections in the "slow" response phenotype mouse strains CBA and C57BL/10, were associated with both poor Th2 and poor Th1-associated responses attributed to a general parasite-mediated immunosuppression of the host immune response to infection.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Chronic Disease ; Chymases ; Female ; Host-Parasite Interactions/genetics ; Immunoglobulin E/analysis ; Immunoglobulin G/analysis ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/immunology ; Intestines/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Nematospiroides dubius/immunology ; Nitric Oxide/analysis ; Phenotype ; Serine Endopeptidases/analysis ; Strongylida Infections/immunology ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Immunoglobulin G ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0) ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; Chymases (EC 3.4.21.39)
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	390188-9
ISSN	1475-2697 ; 0022-149X
ISSN (online)	1475-2697
ISSN	0022-149X
DOI	10.1079/JOH2003173
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Article: Effect of oxygen radicals and differential expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase in adult Heligmosomoides polygyrus during primary infections in mice with differing response phenotypes.

Ben-Smith, A / Lammas, D A / Behnke, J M

Parasite immunology

2002 Volume 24, Issue 3, Page(s) 119–129

Abstract: The ability of oxygen radicals to kill Heligmosomoides polygyrus adult worms was examined by assessing parasite survival following incubation with hydrogen peroxide and acetaldehyde/xanthine oxidase, generators of H2O2 and H2O2/O2(-), respectively. H. ... ...

Abstract	The ability of oxygen radicals to kill Heligmosomoides polygyrus adult worms was examined by assessing parasite survival following incubation with hydrogen peroxide and acetaldehyde/xanthine oxidase, generators of H2O2 and H2O2/O2(-), respectively. H. polygyrus worms could tolerate levels of < 0.25 mM hydrogen peroxide and < 0.5 mM/20 mU acetaldehyde/xanthine oxidase for 20 h, but, at higher concentrations, marked sex-dependent susceptibility was observed, with males being more sensitive to H2O2 and O2(-) than female worms. The ability to evade free radical-mediated damage was also evaluated by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels in worms isolated at different time points from four strains of mice with differing resistance phenotypes. Levels of both catalase and SOD in female worms isolated from 'rapid'[(SWRxSJL)F1], 'fast' (SWR) or 'intermediate' (BALB/c), but not 'slow' (C57BL/10), responder mice showed a strain-dependent increase with time. Moreover, male worms were rejected faster than female worms in the 'rapid', 'fast' and 'intermediate' responder strains of mice. The results suggest that host-derived free radicals can damage adult worms and that female worms can increase production of their scavenging enzymes in response to the immune onslaught that eventually leads to worm expulsion in mice with 'fast', 'rapid' or 'intermediate' response phenotypes.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Catalase/metabolism ; Female ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nematospiroides dubius/drug effects ; Nematospiroides dubius/growth & development ; Oxidants/pharmacology ; Phenotype ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Strongylida Infections/enzymology ; Strongylida Infections/parasitology ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Oxidants ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) ; Superoxide Dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-01-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	424444-8
ISSN	1365-3024 ; 0141-9838
ISSN (online)	1365-3024
ISSN	0141-9838
DOI	10.1046/j.1365-3024.2002.00445.x
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Article ; Online: Inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase protects mice against systemic tuberculosis.

Li, Cao / Peng, Huiming / Japtok, Lukasz / Seitz, Aaron / Riehle, Andrea / Wilker, Barbara / Soddemann, Matthias / Kleuser, Burkard / Edwards, Michael / Lammas, David / Zhang, Yang / Gulbins, Erich / Grassme, Heike

Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)

2016 Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 311–325

Abstract: Tuberculosis is one of the most serious infectious diseases worldwide. The initial pulmonal localization of the pathogens often develops into systemic infection with high lethality. We investigated the role of the mammalian neutral sphingomyelinase (Nsm)/ ...

Abstract	Tuberculosis is one of the most serious infectious diseases worldwide. The initial pulmonal localization of the pathogens often develops into systemic infection with high lethality. We investigated the role of the mammalian neutral sphingomyelinase (Nsm)/ceramide system in systemic infection of mice and murine macrophages with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Our results demonstrate that BCG infection of RAW cells, a macrophage cell line, results in rapid activation of Nsm but not of acid sphingomyelinase (Asm). Activation of Nsm is associated with a massive release of superoxide. Genetic knock-down of Nsm in RAW cells prevented superoxide production upon BCG infection. Superoxide suppressed autophagy in BCG-infected macrophages in vitro and in vivo: Knock-down of Nsm or inhibition of superoxide restored autophagy in macrophages and increased killing of intracellular bacteria upon BCG infection. Most importantly, autophagy was also massively increased in Nsm-heterozygous mice, protecting these mice from systemic BCG infections, granuloma development, and chronic infections of liver and spleen. These findings indicate that the Nsm/ceramide system plays a role in protecting mice against systemic tuberculosis by preventing superoxide-mediated inhibition of autophagy.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Autophagy ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation ; Mice ; Mycobacterium bovis/pathogenicity ; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase/metabolism ; Superoxides/metabolism ; Tuberculosis/microbiology ; Tuberculosis/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Superoxides (11062-77-4) ; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.12)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-01
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2565080-4
ISSN	1945-0508 ; 1945-0494
ISSN (online)	1945-0508
ISSN	1945-0494
DOI	10.2741/E769
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Article ; Online: Direct cell-to-cell spread of a pathogenic yeast.

Ma, Hansong / Croudace, Joanne E / Lammas, David A / May, Robin C

BMC immunology

2007 Volume 8, Page(s) 15

Abstract: ... This novel process was observed in both C. neoformans serotypes (A and D) and occurs in both immortalised ...

Abstract	Background: Cryptococcosis, a fatal fungal infection of the central nervous system, is one of the major killers of AIDS patients and other immunocompromised hosts. The causative agent, Cryptococcus neoformans, has a remarkable ability to 'hide' and proliferate within phagocytic cells of the human immune system. This intracellular phase is thought to underlie the ability of the pathogen to remain latent for long periods of time within infected individuals. Results: We now report that Cryptococcus is able to undergo 'lateral transfer' between phagocytes, moving directly from infected to uninfected macrophages. This novel process was observed in both C. neoformans serotypes (A and D) and occurs in both immortalised cell lines and in primary human macrophages. Lateral transfer is independent of the initial route of uptake, since both serum-opsonised and antibody-opsonised C. neoformans are able to undergo direct cell-to-cell transfer. Conclusion: We provide the first evidence for lateral transfer of a human fungal pathogen. This rare event may occur repeatedly during latent cryptococcal infections, thereby allowing the pathogen to remain concealed from the immune system and protecting it from exposure to antifungal agents.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cryptococcosis/immunology ; Cryptococcosis/microbiology ; Cryptococcosis/pathology ; Cryptococcus neoformans/immunology ; Cryptococcus neoformans/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Macrophages/immunology ; Macrophages/microbiology ; Macrophages/pathology ; Mice ; Phagocytosis/immunology
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-08-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041500-X
ISSN	1471-2172 ; 1471-2172
ISSN (online)	1471-2172
ISSN	1471-2172
DOI	10.1186/1471-2172-8-15
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Article: Clinical consequences of defects in the IL-12-dependent interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) pathway.

Lammas, D A / Casanova, J L / Kumararatne, D S

Clinical and experimental immunology

2000 Volume 121, Issue 3, Page(s) 417–425

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bacterial Infections/etiology ; Bacterial Infections/genetics ; Bacterial Infections/immunology ; Humans ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/etiology ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology ; Interferon-gamma/genetics ; Interferon-gamma/physiology ; Interleukin-12/deficiency ; Interleukin-12/genetics ; Interleukin-12/physiology ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Interferon/deficiency ; Receptors, Interferon/genetics ; Receptors, Interferon/physiology ; Receptors, Interleukin/deficiency ; Receptors, Interleukin/genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin/physiology ; Receptors, Interleukin-12 ; Signal Transduction ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Interferon gamma Receptor
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Interferon ; Receptors, Interleukin ; Receptors, Interleukin-12 ; Interleukin-12 (187348-17-0) ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2000-08-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	218531-3
ISSN	1365-2249 ; 0009-9104 ; 0964-2536
ISSN (online)	1365-2249
ISSN	0009-9104 ; 0964-2536
DOI	10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01284.x
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Article ; Online: ATP-induced autophagy is associated with rapid killing of intracellular mycobacteria within human monocytes/macrophages.

Biswas, Debasis / Qureshi, Omar S / Lee, Wing-Yiu / Croudace, Joanne E / Mura, Manuela / Lammas, David A

BMC immunology

2008 Volume 9, Page(s) 35

Abstract: Background: We have previously reported that ATP treatment of M bovis-BCG infected human macrophages induces P2X7 receptor-dependent killing of intracellular mycobacteria. The mechanism mediating this bactericidal effect has not been full characterized ... ...

Abstract	Background: We have previously reported that ATP treatment of M bovis-BCG infected human macrophages induces P2X7 receptor-dependent killing of intracellular mycobacteria. The mechanism mediating this bactericidal effect has not been full characterized but is known to be Ca2+-dependent and to promote the maturation and acidification of mycobacteria-containing phagosomes. In this study we demonstrate that the ATP/P2X7-mediated, mycobactericidal effect also involves the induction of cell autophagy. Results: We report that 3 mM ATP induces rapid cell autophagy in THP1 cells and monocyte-derived macrophages within 30 minutes post-treatment, as revealed by the expression of LC3-II bands on western blot analysis. Using Ca2+-free media and selective P2X7 agonists and antagonists, ATP-induced cell autophagy was shown to be Ca2+ and P2X7 receptor-dependent. Electron microscopy of ATP-treated, BCG-infected MDMs revealed the presence of the bacteria within characteristic double-membraned autophagosomes. Confocal analysis further confirmed that pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by wortmannin or pre-treatment of macrophages with anti-P2X7 antibody blocked ATP-induced phago-lysosomal fusion. Induction of cell autophagy with ATP was also temporally associated with a fall in intracellular mycobacterial viability, which was suppressed by treatment with wortmannin or the selective P2X7 antagonist, oxidized ATP (oATP). Conclusion: We provide the first evidence that ATP/P2X7-mediated killing of intracellular mycobacteria involves the induction of cell autophagy. The findings support the hypothesis that autophagy plays a key role in the control of mycobacterial infections.
MeSH term(s)	Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Autophagy ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Lysosomes/physiology ; Macrophages/drug effects ; Macrophages/immunology ; Macrophages/microbiology ; Macrophages/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Monocytes/drug effects ; Monocytes/immunology ; Monocytes/microbiology ; Mycobacterium bovis/drug effects ; Mycobacterium bovis/immunology ; Phagosomes/microbiology ; Phagosomes/physiology ; Phagosomes/ultrastructure ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7
Chemical Substances	P2RX7 protein, human ; Receptors, Purinergic P2 ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-07-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2172
ISSN (online)	1471-2172
DOI	10.1186/1471-2172-9-35
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Article ; Online: Identification of a glycosyltransferase from Mycobacterium marinum involved in addition of a caryophyllose moiety in lipooligosaccharides.

Sarkar, Debasmita / Sidhu, Mandeep / Singh, Albel / Chen, Jiemin / Lammas, David A / van der Sar, Astrid M / Besra, Gurdyal S / Bhatt, Apoorva

Journal of bacteriology

2011 Volume 193, Issue 9, Page(s) 2336–2340

Abstract: Deletion of Mycobacterium marinum MMAR2333 resulted in the loss of three of four subclasses of lipooligosaccharides (LOSs). The mutant was unable to extend an intermediate (LOS-II*) by addition of caryophyllose. These data and the predicted domain ... ...

Abstract	Deletion of Mycobacterium marinum MMAR2333 resulted in the loss of three of four subclasses of lipooligosaccharides (LOSs). The mutant was unable to extend an intermediate (LOS-II*) by addition of caryophyllose. These data and the predicted domain structure suggest that MMAR2333 is a glycosyltransferase involved in the generation of a lipid-linked caryophyllose donor.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Carbohydrates ; Cell Wall/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/physiology ; Glycosyltransferases/genetics ; Glycosyltransferases/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium marinum/enzymology ; Mycobacterium marinum/genetics ; Protein Conformation
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins ; Carbohydrates ; Lipopolysaccharides ; lipid-linked oligosaccharides ; Glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-03-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2968-3
ISSN	1098-5530 ; 0021-9193
ISSN (online)	1098-5530
ISSN	0021-9193
DOI	10.1128/JB.00065-11
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Article: ATP-mediated killing of intracellular mycobacteria by macrophages is a P2X(7)-dependent process inducing bacterial death by phagosome-lysosome fusion.

Fairbairn, I P / Stober, C B / Kumararatne, D S / Lammas, D A

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

2001 Volume 167, Issue 6, Page(s) 3300–3307

Abstract: ... phagosomes rapidly coalesce and fuse with lysosomes. Blocking of macrophage phospholipase D activity ... induced by the ATP/P2X(7) signaling pathway can be uncoupled, and diverge proximal to phospholipase D ...

Abstract	Mycobacterium tuberculosis survives within host macrophages by actively inhibiting phagosome fusion with lysosomes. Treatment of infected macrophages with ATP induces both cell apoptosis and rapid killing of intracellular mycobacteria. The following studies were undertaken to characterize the effector pathway(s) involved. Macrophages were obtained from p47(phox) and inducible NO synthase gene-disrupted mice (which are unable to produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals, respectively) and P2X(7) gene-disrupted mice. RAW murine macrophages transfected with either the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein gene 1 (Nramp1)-resistant or Nramp1-susceptible gene were also used. The cells were infected with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and intracellular mycobacterial trafficking was analyzed using confocal and electron microscopy. P2X(7) receptor activation was essential for effective ATP-induced mycobacterial killing, as its bactericidal activity was radically diminished in P2X(7)(-/-) macrophages. ATP-mediated killing of BCG within p47(phox-/-), inducible NO synthase(-/-), and Nramp(s) cells was unaffected, demonstrating that none of these mechanisms have a role in the ATP/P2X(7) effector pathway. Following ATP stimulation, BCG-containing phagosomes rapidly coalesce and fuse with lysosomes. Blocking of macrophage phospholipase D activity with butan-1-ol blocked BCG killing, but not macrophage death. ATP stimulates phagosome-lysosome fusion with concomitant mycobacterial death via P2X(7) receptor activation. Macrophage death and mycobacterial killing induced by the ATP/P2X(7) signaling pathway can be uncoupled, and diverge proximal to phospholipase D activation.
MeSH term(s)	Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Bacteriolysis/drug effects ; Bacteriolysis/physiology ; Butanols/pharmacology ; Cation Transport Proteins/genetics ; Cation Transport Proteins/physiology ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lysosomes/physiology ; Macrophages/drug effects ; Macrophages/microbiology ; Macrophages/physiology ; Membrane Fusion/drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Knockout ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Monocytes/microbiology ; Monocytes/physiology ; Mycobacterium bovis ; NADPH Oxidases ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/deficiency ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Phagosomes/physiology ; Phospholipase D/antagonists & inhibitors ; Phospholipase D/physiology ; Phosphoproteins/deficiency ; Phosphoproteins/genetics ; Phosphoproteins/physiology ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/deficiency ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/physiology ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 ; Vacuoles/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Butanols ; Cation Transport Proteins ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; P2RX7 protein, human ; P2rx7 protein, mouse ; Phosphoproteins ; Receptors, Purinergic P2 ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 ; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE) ; NOS2 protein, human (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Nos2 protein, mouse (EC 1.14.13.39) ; NADPH Oxidases (EC 1.6.3.-) ; neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (EC 1.6.3.1) ; Phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-08-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3056-9
ISSN	1550-6606 ; 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
ISSN (online)	1550-6606
ISSN	0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
DOI	10.4049/jimmunol.167.6.3300
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Article: Response heterogeneity of human macrophages to ATP is associated with P2X7 receptor expression but not to polymorphisms in the P2RX7 promoter.

Li, C M / Campbell, S J / Kumararatne, D S / Hill, A V S / Lammas, D A

FEBS letters

2002 Volume 531, Issue 2, Page(s) 127–131

Abstract: A region 2 kb upstream of exon 1 of the P2X7 gene was sequenced using DNA from nine healthy individuals who exhibited three different ATP response phenotypes (i.e. high, low and interferon gamma-inducible). Five single nucleotide polymorphisms were ... ...

Abstract	A region 2 kb upstream of exon 1 of the P2X7 gene was sequenced using DNA from nine healthy individuals who exhibited three different ATP response phenotypes (i.e. high, low and interferon gamma-inducible). Five single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified within the nine donor promoter sequences but none were associated with a specific ATP response phenotype. A P2X7 loss of function polymorphism (1513 in exon 13) was also screened for within donor DNA but no response associations were identified. ATP response phenotype was positively associated with P2X(7) receptor expression, as assessed by flow cytometry, but not with any identified receptor or promoter gene polymorphisms.
MeSH term(s)	Adenosine Triphosphate/toxicity ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology ; Macrophages/drug effects ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 ; Sequence Alignment ; Transcription, Genetic
Chemical Substances	P2RX7 protein, human ; RNA, Messenger ; Receptors, Purinergic P2 ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6) ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE)
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-07-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	212746-5
ISSN	1873-3468 ; 0014-5793
ISSN (online)	1873-3468
ISSN	0014-5793
DOI	10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03424-5
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Article: Inflammatory responses in the intestine during tapeworm infections. Mucosal mast cells and mucosal mast cell proteases in Sprague-Dawley rats infected with Hymenolepis diminuta.

Featherston, D W / Wakelin, D / Lammas, D A

International journal for parasitology

1992 Volume 22, Issue 7, Page(s) 961–966

Abstract: Comparative studies were made of two populations of Sprague-Dawley rats infected with Hymenolepis diminuta. The time course of infection, the development of mucosal mastocytosis and the levels of rat mucosal mast cell (MMC) protease (RMCP II) in serum ... ...

Abstract	Comparative studies were made of two populations of Sprague-Dawley rats infected with Hymenolepis diminuta. The time course of infection, the development of mucosal mastocytosis and the levels of rat mucosal mast cell (MMC) protease (RMCP II) in serum and in jejunal mucosal tissues were monitored at intervals after infection with 40 cysticercoids of the tapeworm. Worm expulsion patterns differed markedly between the two populations, rats of New Zealand origin showing an abrupt and clear-cut loss of worms, rats of English origin showing a more gradual decline over a longer time period. In both populations, however, numbers of MMC and levels of tissue RMCP II were positively correlated with time after infection and negatively correlated with worm numbers. In only one of the three experiments (using English strain rats over a short time period) did levels of serum RMCP II change with time. In the other two experiments, in which English-strain and New Zealand-strain rats were used, there were no correlations between serum RMCP II and time, numbers of MMC, numbers of worms or levels of tissue RMCP II. The absence of correlation between serum RMCP II and worm loss in these experiments implies that MMC have no direct role in expulsion of H. diminuta. The data do show, nevertheless, that this purely luminal tapeworm is fully capable of activating the mucosal T lymphocyte-MMC precursor axis to elicit a mucosal mastocytosis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Endopeptidases/biosynthesis ; Enteritis/pathology ; Hymenolepiasis/pathology ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/pathology ; Intestine, Small/pathology ; Mast Cells/enzymology ; Mast Cells/pathology ; Mastocytosis/pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Chemical Substances	Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	1992-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120518-3
ISSN	1879-0135 ; 0020-7519
ISSN (online)	1879-0135
ISSN	0020-7519
DOI	10.1016/0020-7519(92)90054-o
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