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Article ; Online: Offers of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes Among High School Students: A Population Study from California.

Cole, Adam G / Cummins, Sharon E / Zhu, Shu-Hong

International journal of environmental research and public health

2019 Volume 16, Issue 7

Abstract: Receiving offers of cigarettes or e-cigarettes can contribute to the progression from intention ... cigarettes or e-cigarettes. A random sample of 91 high schools in the state of California (with 40,137 ... students) participated in the 2015⁻16 California Student Tobacco Survey. Offers of cigarettes and e ...

Abstract	Receiving offers of cigarettes or e-cigarettes can contribute to the progression from intention to actual use. However, there is a lack of data about the prevalence or characteristics of youth being offered cigarettes or e-cigarettes. A random sample of 91 high schools in the state of California (with 40,137 students) participated in the 2015⁻16 California Student Tobacco Survey. Offers of cigarettes and e-cigarettes in the last 30 days were assessed. Separate multilevel logistical regression models identified student characteristics associated with being offered cigarettes and e-cigarettes. On average, 11.1% and 16.1% of all students reported being offered cigarettes and e-cigarettes in the last 30 days, respectively. Among those who received offers of cigarettes, 45.5% were never smokers. Among those who received offers of e-cigarettes, 29.6% were never vapers. Male students were more likely to report being offered an e-cigarette than female students (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.13), as were students with friends that used e-cigarettes (AOR 5.14⁻23.31) and those with high sensation seeking tendencies (AOR 1.33). Similar characteristics were associated with offers of cigarettes. Including measures of offers of cigarettes and e-cigarettes in surveillance systems could help identify those at risk of future cigarette and e-cigarette use.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; California/epidemiology ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Male ; Prevalence ; Schools ; Smokers ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Students/statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Products
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1660-4601
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
DOI	10.3390/ijerph16071143
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Article ; Online: Use of e-cigarettes by individuals with mental health conditions.

Cummins, Sharon E / Zhu, Shu-Hong / Tedeschi, Gary J / Gamst, Anthony C / Myers, Mark G

Tobacco control

2014 Volume 23 Suppl 3, Page(s) iii48–53

Abstract: ... smokers with MHC may consider using e-cigarettes as an alternative form of nicotine delivery.: Objective ... Examination of the susceptibility to use e-cigarettes by individuals with MHC.: Methods: A U.S. population ... of regular cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy ...

Abstract	Background: Individuals with mental health conditions (MHC) have disproportionately high tobacco-related morbidity and mortality due to high smoking prevalence rates. As high consumers of cigarettes, smokers with MHC may consider using e-cigarettes as an alternative form of nicotine delivery. Objective: Examination of the susceptibility to use e-cigarettes by individuals with MHC. Methods: A U.S. population survey with a national probability sample (n=10,041) was used to assess ever use and current use of regular cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Survey respondents provided information about whether they had been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, depression, or other MHC. Results: Individuals with MHC were more likely to have tried e-cigarettes (14.8%) and to be current users of e-cigarettes (3.1%) than those without MHC (6.6% and 1.1%, respectively; p<0.01). Ever smokers with MHC were also more likely to have tried approved pharmacotherapy (52.2% vs. 31.1%, p<0.01) and to be currently using these products (9.9% vs. 3.5%, p<0.01) than those without MHC. Additionally, current smokers with MHC were more susceptible to future use of e-cigarettes than smokers without MHC (60.5% vs. 45.3%, respectively, p<0.01). Conclusions: Smokers with MHC are differentially affected by the rise in popularity of e-cigarettes. Clinical interventions and policies for tobacco control on e-cigarettes should take into account the possible outcomes and their implications for this priority population.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Data Collection ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/complications ; Mental Health ; Middle Aged ; Nicotine/administration & dosage ; Prevalence ; Smoking/drug therapy ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Smoking Cessation ; Tobacco Products/statistics & numerical data ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1146554-2
ISSN	1468-3318 ; 0964-4563
ISSN (online)	1468-3318
ISSN	0964-4563
DOI	10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051511
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Article ; Online: Orthophosphate and Sulfate Utilization for C-E (E = P, S) Bond Formation via Trichlorosilyl Phosphide and Sulfide Anions.

Geeson, Michael B / Ríos, Pablo / Transue, Wesley J / Cummins, Christopher C

Journal of the American Chemical Society

2019 Volume 141, Issue 15, Page(s) 6375–6384

Abstract: Reduction of phosphoric acid ( ... ...

Abstract	Reduction of phosphoric acid (H
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3155-0
ISSN	1520-5126 ; 0002-7863
ISSN (online)	1520-5126
ISSN	0002-7863
DOI	10.1021/jacs.9b01475
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Article ; Online: E-learning on the road

Alan M Batt / Niamh M Cummins

Irish Journal of Paramedicine, Vol 1, Iss

online learning and social media for continuing professional competency.

2016 Volume 1

Abstract: Background The impact of social media and online learning in health professions education has previously shown generally positive results in medical, nursing and pharmacy students. To date there has not been any extensive research into social media and ... ...

Abstract	Background The impact of social media and online learning in health professions education has previously shown generally positive results in medical, nursing and pharmacy students. To date there has not been any extensive research into social media and online learning use by prehospital health care professionals such as paramedics. Aim & Methods We sought to identify the extent to which Irish pre-hospital practitioners make use of online learning and social media for continuous professional competency (CPC), and the means by which they do so. A cross-sectional online survey of practitioners was conducted to obtain both quantitative and qualitative data. The release of the survey was in a controlled manner to PHECC registrants via various channels. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Results A total of 248 respondents completed the survey in full by closing date of 31 March 2015, representing 5.4% of all registrants (n=4,555). 77% of respondents were male, and the majority were registered as Emergency Medical Technicians (49%), followed by Advanced Paramedics (26%). Over 78% of respondents used a mobile device in the course of their clinical duties; the majority used an iOS device. Social media and online learning were considered learning tools by over 75% of respondents, and over 74% agreed they should be further incorporated into prehospital education. The most popular platforms for CPC activities were YouTube and Facebook. The majority of respondents (88%) viewed self-directed activities to constitute continuous professional development activity, but 64% felt that an activity that resulted in the awarding of a certificate was better value. Over 90% of respondents had previous experience with online learning, but only 42% indicated they had previously purchased or paid for online learning. Conclusion Prehospital practitioners in Ireland in the population studied consider online learning and social media acceptable for CPC purposes. The main social media outlets used by PHECC registrants are YouTube and Facebook. Practitioners consider online learning that awards a certificate to be better value than self-directed activities. The majority have previous experience of online learning. The results of this study can be used to ensure educational interventions are targeted at practitioners through the correct channels.
Keywords	social media ; Ireland ; paramedic ; online ; education ; CPC ; Twitter ; Facebook ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Irish College of Paramedics
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: E-cigarette use and associated changes in population smoking cessation: evidence from US current population surveys.

Zhu, Shu-Hong / Zhuang, Yue-Lin / Wong, Shiushing / Cummins, Sharon E / Tedeschi, Gary J

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

2017 Volume 358, Page(s) j3262

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Objective
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology ; Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj.j3262
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Article ; Online: A quantitative microbial risk assessment model for total coliforms and E. coli in surface runoff following application of biosolids to grassland.

Clarke, Rachel / Peyton, Dara / Healy, Mark G / Fenton, Owen / Cummins, Enda

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

2017 Volume 224, Page(s) 739–750

Abstract: In Ireland, the land application of biosolids is the preferred option of disposing of municipal sewage waste. Biosolids provide nutrients in the form of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and increases organic matter. It is also an economic way for a ... ...

Abstract	In Ireland, the land application of biosolids is the preferred option of disposing of municipal sewage waste. Biosolids provide nutrients in the form of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and increases organic matter. It is also an economic way for a country to dispose of its municipal waste. However, biosolids may potentially contain a wide range of pathogens, and following rainfall events, may be transported in surface runoff and pose a potential risk to human health. Thus, a quantitative risk assessment model was developed to estimate potential pathogens in surface water and the environmental fate of the pathogens following dilution, residence time in a stream, die-off rate, drinking water treatment and human exposure. Surface runoff water quality data was provided by project partners. Three types of biosolids, anaerobically digested (AD), lime stabilised (LS), and thermally dried (TD)) were applied on micro plots. Rainfall was simulated at three time intervals (24, 48 and 360 h) following land application. It was assumed that this water entered a nearby stream and was directly abstracted for drinking water. Consumption data for drinking water and body weight was obtained from an Irish study and assigned distributions. Two dose response models for probability of illness were considered for total and faecal coliform exposure incorporating two different exposure scenarios (healthy populations and immuno-compromised populations). The simulated annual risk of illness for healthy populations was below the US EPA and World Health Organisation tolerable level of risk (10
MeSH term(s)	Calcium Compounds ; Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli/isolation & purification ; Grassland ; Humans ; Ireland ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Oxides ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Risk Assessment ; Sewage/microbiology ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; Water Microbiology
Chemical Substances	Calcium Compounds ; Oxides ; Sewage ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W) ; lime (C7X2M0VVNH) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.025
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Article ; Online: Assembly and stabilization of {E(cyclo-P3)2} (E = Sn, Pb) as a bridging ligand spanning two triaryloxyniobium units.

Velian, Alexandra / Cossairt, Brandi M / Cummins, Christopher C

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

2016 Volume 45, Issue 5, Page(s) 1891–1895

Abstract: Complexes (THF)0-2E[P3Nb(ODipp)3]2 (E = Sn, Pb; Dipp = 2,6-(i)Pr2C6H3) were isolated (>90 ... from the salt metathesis of [Na(THF)3][P3Nb(ODipp)3] with E(2+) salts. The reaction of (THF)Sn[P3Nb(ODipp)3]2 ...

Abstract	Complexes (THF)0-2E[P3Nb(ODipp)3]2 (E = Sn, Pb; Dipp = 2,6-(i)Pr2C6H3) were isolated (>90%) from the salt metathesis of [Na(THF)3][P3Nb(ODipp)3] with E(2+) salts. The reaction of (THF)Sn[P3Nb(ODipp)3]2 with pyridine-N-oxide was investigated as a method to deposit a new SnP6 phase. Additionally, the neutral complex P3Nb(ODipp)2(py)2 (py = pyridine) was prepared from [Na(THF)3][P3Nb(ODipp)3] in the presence of pyridine and salts of coordinating cations (Mg(II), Sn(II), Pb(II), Ge(II), Hg(II) and Ag(I)). P3Nb(ODipp)2(py)2 was found to successfully produce AsP3 upon treatment with AsCl3. The characterization of complexes (THF)0-1Sn[P3Nb(ODipp)3]2, (THF)2Pb[P3Nb(ODipp)3]2 and P3Nb(ODipp)2(py)2, including their solid state structures, is discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1472887-4
ISSN	1477-9234 ; 1364-5447 ; 0300-9246 ; 1477-9226
ISSN (online)	1477-9234 ; 1364-5447
ISSN	0300-9246 ; 1477-9226
DOI	10.1039/c5dt03383g
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Article ; Online: Long-term e-cigarette use and smoking cessation: a longitudinal study with US population.

Zhuang, Yue-Lin / Cummins, Sharon E / Sun, Jessica Y / Zhu, Shu-Hong

Tobacco control

2016 Volume 25, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) i90–i95

Abstract: Background: E-cigarettes have grown popular. The most common pattern is dual use with conventional ... examined the relationship between long-term use of e-cigarettes and smoking cessation in a 2-year period ... e-cigarette use was defined as using e-cigarettes at baseline and follow-up. Use of e-cigarettes ...

Abstract	Background: E-cigarettes have grown popular. The most common pattern is dual use with conventional cigarettes. Dual use has raised concerns that it might delay quitting of cigarette smoking. This study examined the relationship between long-term use of e-cigarettes and smoking cessation in a 2-year period. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 2028 US smokers were surveyed in 2012 and 2014. Long-term e-cigarette use was defined as using e-cigarettes at baseline and follow-up. Use of e-cigarettes only at baseline or at follow-up was defined as short-term use. Non-users did not use e-cigarettes at either survey. Quit attempt rates and cessation rates (abstinent for 3 months or longer) were compared across the three groups. Results: At 2-year follow-up, 43.7% of baseline dual users were still using e-cigarettes. Long-term e-cigarette users had a higher quit attempt rate than short-term or non-users (72.6% vs 53.8% and 45.5%, respectively), and a higher cessation rate (42.4% vs 14.2% and 15.6%, respectively). The difference in cessation rate between long-term users and non-users remained significant after adjusting for baseline variables, OR=4.1 (95% CI 1.5 to 11.4) as did the difference between long-term users and short-term users, OR=4.8 (95% CI 1.6 to 13.9). The difference in cessation rate between short-term users and non-users was not significant, OR=0.9 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.4). Among those making a quit attempt, use of e-cigarettes as a cessation aid surpassed that of FDA-approved pharmacotherapy. Conclusions: Short-term e-cigarette use was not associated with a lower rate of smoking cessation. Long-term use of e-cigarettes was associated with a higher rate of quitting smoking.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data ; Smoking Prevention/methods ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Time Factors ; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1146554-2
ISSN	1468-3318 ; 0964-4563
ISSN (online)	1468-3318
ISSN	0964-4563
DOI	10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053096
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Article ; Online: The effect of hospital effluent on antimicrobial resistant E. coli within a municipal wastewater system.

Harris, S / Morris, C / Morris, D / Cormican, M / Cummins, E

Environmental science. Processes & impacts

2013 Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 617–622

Abstract: ... examined for E. coli expressing resistance to seven antimicrobials (ampicillin, streptomycin, cefoxitin ... cefotaxime, tetracycline, sulphonamide and ciprofloxacin). A two-sample t-test showed that AMR E. coli are ... suggest that the release of hospital effluent does not significantly affect the frequency with which AMR E ...

Abstract	There is a concern that hospital effluent potentially containing antimicrobial compounds, antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria and genetic determinants of resistance may contribute to the emergence, dissemination and persistence of AMR bacteria in municipal wastewaters. Hence, it is of interest to investigate the effect, if any, hospital effluent has on the percentage of AMR bacteria within wastewater. Water from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (one receives and treats hospital effluent (WWTPhe) and the second does not (WWTPc)) were examined for E. coli expressing resistance to seven antimicrobials (ampicillin, streptomycin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, sulphonamide and ciprofloxacin). A two-sample t-test showed that AMR E. coli are present in WWTP influent and effluent, irrespective of receiving hospital effluent, and are being released into the environment (no statistical difference in count between the two WWTPs). The effect of hospital effluent on resistance varies for each AMR bacteria. Excluding tetracycline, sulphonamide and ciprofloxacin, the results suggest that the release of hospital effluent does not significantly affect the frequency with which AMR E. coli are detected in effluent. For some hospital specific antimicrobial agents, such as ciprofloxacin, the release of hospital effluent is associated with an increased proportion of antimicrobial resistance. The results suggest resistance to AMR E. coli may already be well developed in the community, making the effect of hospital effluent on AMR E. coli indistinguishable. However, for hospital specific antimicrobials, there may be a selective effect and hence limiting the release of hospital effluent containing such antimicrobials may impact the proportion of antimicrobial resistance. This research has provided statistical evidence to support necessary mitigation and remediation of antimicrobial residue release and subsequent resistance in the environment.
MeSH term(s)	Ampicillin/pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Hospitals ; Waste Water/microbiology ; Water Purification
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; Waste Water ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; Ampicillin (7C782967RD)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-06-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2703814-2
ISSN	2050-7895 ; 2050-7887
ISSN (online)	2050-7895
ISSN	2050-7887
DOI	10.1039/c2em30934c
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Article ; Online: Detection of blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, and Virulence Factors in E. coli Isolated From Seals

Ana P. Vale / Lynae Shubin / Juliana Cummins / Finola C. Leonard / Gerald Barry

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: ... bacterial isolates (E. coli and cefotaxime-resistant non-E. coli) from each swab were selected for further ... investigation. E. coli isolates were characterised in terms of phylogenetic group typing, AMR, and ... virulence factors. All E. coli isolates investigated in this study (n = 39) were ampicillin resistant while 26 (66.6 ...

Abstract	Marine mammals are frequently considered good sentinels for human, animal and environmental health due to their long lifespan, coastal habitat, and characteristics as top chain predators. Using a One Health approach, marine mammals can provide information that helps to enhance the understanding of the health of the marine and coastal environment. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the quintessential One Health problem that poses a well-recognised threat to human, animal, and ecosystem health worldwide. Treated and untreated sewage, hospital waste and agricultural run-off are often responsible for the spread of AMR in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Rescued seals (n = 25) were used as sentinels to investigate the levels of AMR in the Irish coastal ecosystem. Faecal swabs were collected from these animals and bacterial isolates (E. coli and cefotaxime-resistant non-E. coli) from each swab were selected for further investigation. E. coli isolates were characterised in terms of phylogenetic group typing, AMR, and virulence factors. All E. coli isolates investigated in this study (n = 39) were ampicillin resistant while 26 (66.6%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Resistance genes blaOXA−1 and blaTEM−1 were detected in 16/39 and 6/39 isolates, respectively. Additionally, virulence factors associated with adhesion (sfa, papA, and papC) and siderophores (fyuA and iutA) were identified. An additional 19 faecal cefotaxime-resistant non-E. coli isolates were investigated for the presence of β-lactamase encoding genes. These isolates were identified as presumptive Leclercia, Pantoea and Enterobacter, however, none were positive for the presence of the genes investigated. To the authors knowledge this is the first study reporting the detection of blaOXA−1 and blaTEM−1 in phocid faecal E. coli in Europe. These results highlight the importance of marine mammals as sentinels for the presence and spread of AMR in the marine and coastal environment.
Keywords	antimicrobial resistance ; β-lactamases ; One Health ; seals ; virulence factors ; E. coli ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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