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  1. Article ; Online: Drivers of racial/ethnic differences in perceived end-of-life care quality: More questions than answers.

    Bullock, Karen / Makaroun, Lena K

    Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

    2022  Volume 70, Issue 4, Page(s) 1057–1059

    MeSH term(s) Hospice Care ; Humans ; Terminal Care ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80363-7
    ISSN 1532-5415 ; 0002-8614
    ISSN (online) 1532-5415
    ISSN 0002-8614
    DOI 10.1111/jgs.17663
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  2. Article ; Online: Response to Fitzgerald Jones et al., Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Delivering Antiracist Care to Black Americans (DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2021.05021).

    Curseen, Kimberly A / Bullock, Karen

    Journal of palliative medicine

    2022  Volume 25, Issue 3, Page(s) 345–346

    MeSH term(s) African Americans ; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing ; Humans ; Palliative Care ; Virtual Reality
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1427361-5
    ISSN 1557-7740 ; 1096-6218
    ISSN (online) 1557-7740
    ISSN 1096-6218
    DOI 10.1089/jpm.2021.0622
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  3. Article ; Online: Meaning of Hospice Care: Perceptions of Patients and Families.

    Wallace, Cara L / Coccia, Kathryn / Khoo, Yit Mui / Bullock, Karen

    The American journal of hospice & palliative care

    2023  Volume 40, Issue 10, Page(s) 1132–1140

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Background
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Hospice Care ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hospices ; Physicians ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1074344-3
    ISSN 1938-2715 ; 1049-9091
    ISSN (online) 1938-2715
    ISSN 1049-9091
    DOI 10.1177/10499091221149702
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  4. Article ; Online: Unmet Needs in Health Disparities Research-It's Not Just About Patients.

    Barrett, Nadine J / Bullock, Karen / Johnson, Kimberly S

    JAMA internal medicine

    2022  Volume 182, Issue 9, Page(s) 995–996

    MeSH term(s) Health Services Needs and Demand ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2699338-7
    ISSN 2168-6114 ; 2168-6106
    ISSN (online) 2168-6114
    ISSN 2168-6106
    DOI 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.2877
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  5. Article ; Online: "My Assessments Are Biased!" Measurement and Sociocultural Approaches to Achieve Fairness in Assessment in Medical Education.

    Hauer, Karen E / Park, Yoon Soo / Bullock, Justin L / Tekian, Ara

    Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges

    2023  Volume 98, Issue 8S, Page(s) S16–S27

    Abstract: Assessing learners is foundational to their training and developmental growth throughout the medical education continuum. However, growing evidence shows the prevalence and impact of harmful bias in assessments in medical education, accelerating the ... ...

    Abstract Assessing learners is foundational to their training and developmental growth throughout the medical education continuum. However, growing evidence shows the prevalence and impact of harmful bias in assessments in medical education, accelerating the urgency to identify solutions. Assessment bias presents a critical problem for all stages of learning and the broader educational system. Bias poses significant challenges to learners, disrupts the learning environment, and threatens the pathway and transition of learners into health professionals. While the topic of assessment bias has been examined within the context of measurement literature, limited guidance and solutions exist for learners in medical education, particularly in the clinical environment. This article presents an overview of assessment bias, focusing on clinical learners. A definition of bias and its manifestations in assessments are presented. Consequences of assessment bias are discussed within the contexts of validity and fairness and their impact on learners, patients/caregivers, and the broader field of medicine. Messick's unified validity framework is used to contextualize assessment bias; in addition, perspectives from sociocultural contexts are incorporated into the discussion to elaborate the nuanced implications in the clinical training environment. Discussions of these topics are conceptualized within the literature and the interventions used to date. The article concludes with practical recommendations to overcome bias and to develop an ideal assessment system. Recommendations address articulating values to guide assessment, designing assessment to foster learning and outcomes, attending to assessment procedures, promoting continuous quality improvement of assessment, and fostering equitable learning and assessment environments.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Learning ; Education, Medical ; Health Personnel ; Educational Measurement/methods ; Medicine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 96192-9
    ISSN 1938-808X ; 1040-2446
    ISSN (online) 1938-808X
    ISSN 1040-2446
    DOI 10.1097/ACM.0000000000005245
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  6. Article ; Online: Race Roundtable Series: Structural Racism in Palliative Care.

    Bullock, Karen / Gray, Tamryn F / Tucker, Rodney / Quest, Tammie E

    Journal of pain and symptom management

    2022  Volume 63, Issue 5, Page(s) e455–e459

    Abstract: This series will focus on addressing the intersection of race and racism in palliative care through a series of roundtable discussions with interdisciplinary clinicians, researchers, educators, and leaders in palliative care. These short discussions are ... ...

    Abstract This series will focus on addressing the intersection of race and racism in palliative care through a series of roundtable discussions with interdisciplinary clinicians, researchers, educators, and leaders in palliative care. These short discussions are intended to stimulate readers to examine issues of race and racism within the field of hospice and palliative care - in the various forms that it appears - as well as serve as a continual call to action to facilitate and promote equity.
    MeSH term(s) Hospice Care ; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing ; Humans ; Palliative Care ; Racism ; Systemic Racism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639142-4
    ISSN 1873-6513 ; 0885-3924
    ISSN (online) 1873-6513
    ISSN 0885-3924
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2022.01.015
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  7. Article: Leaning In to Serious Illness Care Through Stories and Science.

    Sevier, Catherine Harvey / Fischer, Jonathan / Bullock, Karen

    North Carolina medical journal

    2020  Volume 81, Issue 4, Page(s) 237–241

    Abstract: This volume was planned prior to the COVID-19 pandemic as the North Carolina Institute of Medicine (NCIOM) completed a yearlong task force on serious illness. Beyond the task force report, we wanted to dedicate a special edition of ... ...

    Abstract This volume was planned prior to the COVID-19 pandemic as the North Carolina Institute of Medicine (NCIOM) completed a yearlong task force on serious illness. Beyond the task force report, we wanted to dedicate a special edition of the
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Critical Illness/therapy ; Humans ; Narration ; North Carolina/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 422795-5
    ISSN 0029-2559
    ISSN 0029-2559
    DOI 10.18043/ncm.81.4.237
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  8. Article ; Online: Police practitioner views on the challenges of analysing and responding to knife crime

    Karen Bullock / Iain Agar / Matt Ashby / Iain Brennan / Gavin Hales / Aiden Sidebottom / Nick Tilley

    Crime Science, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 11

    Abstract: Abstract Knife crime remains a major concern in England and Wales. Problem-oriented and public health approaches to tackling knife crime have been widely advocated, but little is known about how these approaches are understood and implemented by police ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Knife crime remains a major concern in England and Wales. Problem-oriented and public health approaches to tackling knife crime have been widely advocated, but little is known about how these approaches are understood and implemented by police practitioners. To address this knowledge gap, this article draws on semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 44 police personnel to consider the processes and challenges of applying problem-oriented and public health approaches to knife crime. Findings show that knife crime was seen as a complex social problem which would not be solved by ‘silver bullets’; prevention was prioritised and the limitations of enforcement were widely acknowledged; there was an emphasis on understanding and responding to vulnerability and risk; discussion of ‘holistic’ and ‘whole systems’ approaches was evident (but these concepts were rarely defined); and the problem of serious violence was viewed as a shared, multi-agency issue that the police could not tackle alone. Various challenges were also evident, most notably around analysis of the drivers and patterns of knife crime and the evaluation of knife crime interventions. The article concludes by discussing the implications of the findings for knife crime prevention and the implementation and advancement of problem-oriented and public health approaches to policing.
    Keywords Knife crime ; Policing ; Problem-oriented policing ; Public health ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology ; HV1-9960
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Profiles for Success: Examining the Relationship between Student Profiles and Clerkship Performance Using Latent Profile Analysis.

    Boscardin, Christy K / Bullock, Justin / O'Sullivan, Patricia / Hauer, Karen

    Teaching and learning in medicine

    2021  Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 145–154

    Abstract: Phenomenon: Learning is a complex phenomenon in which learners can vary in their learning orientation, learning approaches, and perception of the learning environment. Learners may be characterized as mastery oriented or performance oriented, and this ... ...

    Abstract Phenomenon: Learning is a complex phenomenon in which learners can vary in their learning orientation, learning approaches, and perception of the learning environment. Learners may be characterized as mastery oriented or performance oriented, and this learning orientation can influence their learning approaches, such as whether to seek feedback or ask for help. The learning environment includes institutional assessment policies and informal interactions that emphasize outcomes and differentiation among students. When learners perceive the learning environment as performance oriented, they feel competition from other learners and fear negative feedback. This complex interplay of learning orientation, its influence on feedback-seeking behavior, and the environmental influence and reinforcement of both can be captured through learner profiles.
    Approach: In this multi-institutional cross-sectional survey study of students from six U.S. medical schools, we investigated learner profiles that characterize how these domains manifest together across individual learners. We then determined how these profiles are associated with students' clerkship grades. Measures included the Patterns of Adaptive Learning for learning orientation, self-reports for learning approaches, and perceptions of the learning environment. We used latent profile analysis to cluster students who share common characteristics around orientation, behavior, and environment. The relationship between these profiles and the percentage of honors earned was examined using multiple regression analysis.
    Findings: We found four distinct learner profiles within 666 of 974 (68%) analyzable responses: (1) performance oriented with negative perceptions of environment, (2) mastery oriented with desirable learning approaches, (3) "average" group, and (4) mastery orientation only. Profile 1 (
    Insights: The highest performers, as measured by clerkship honors grades, were mastery oriented, perceived a more positive learning environment, and were comfortable asking questions and seeking feedback for their learning. The lowest performing students were performance oriented and had negative perceptions of their learning environments. Contrary to previous findings, we found that the relationship between mastery orientation and learning approaches is not unidirectional but rather seems to be mediated by perceptions of the learning environment.
    MeSH term(s) Achievement ; Clinical Clerkship ; Clinical Competence ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Students
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
    ZDB-ID 1038640-3
    ISSN 1532-8015 ; 1040-1334
    ISSN (online) 1532-8015
    ISSN 1040-1334
    DOI 10.1080/10401334.2021.1937180
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  10. Article ; Online: Multimodality Cardiac Imaging and the Imaging Workforce in the United States: Diversity, Disparities, and Future Directions.

    Bullock-Palmer, Renee P / Flores Rosario, Karen / Douglas, Pamela S / Hahn, Rebecca T / Lang, Roberto M / Chareonthaitawee, Panithaya / Srichai, Monvadi B / Ordovas, Karen G / Baldassarre, Lauren A / Burroughs, Melissa S / Henderson, Cory S / Woodard, Pamela K / Pressoir, Kathleen / Swaminathan, Madhav / Blankstein, Ron / Daubert, Melissa A

    Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging

    2024  Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) e016409

    Abstract: Innovations in cardiac imaging have fundamentally advanced the understanding and treatment of cardiovascular disease. These advances in noninvasive cardiac imaging have also expanded the role of the cardiac imager and dramatically increased the demand ... ...

    Abstract Innovations in cardiac imaging have fundamentally advanced the understanding and treatment of cardiovascular disease. These advances in noninvasive cardiac imaging have also expanded the role of the cardiac imager and dramatically increased the demand for imagers who are cross-trained in multiple modalities. However, we hypothesize that there is significant variation in the availability of cardiac imaging expertise and a disparity in the adoption of advanced imaging technologies across the United States. To evaluate this, we have brought together the leaders of cardiovascular imaging societies, imaging trainees, as well as collaborated with national imaging accreditation commissions and imaging certification boards to assess the state of cardiac imaging and the diversity of the imaging workforce in the United States. Aggregate data confirm the presence of critical gaps, such as limited access to imaging and imaging expertise in rural communities, as well as disparities in the imaging workforce, notably among women and underrepresented minorities. Based on these results, we have proposed solutions to promote and maintain a robust and diverse community of cardiac imagers and improve equity and accessibility for cardiac imaging technologies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; United States ; Workforce ; Minority Groups ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Multimodal Imaging ; Cardiac Imaging Techniques
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2435045-X
    ISSN 1942-0080 ; 1941-9651
    ISSN (online) 1942-0080
    ISSN 1941-9651
    DOI 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.123.016409
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