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Book ; Online: Strangers, Aliens, Foreigners : The Politics of Othering from Migrants to Corporations (Volume 106)

Sonnis-Bell, Marissa / Sonnis-Bell, Marissa / Bell, David E. / Ryan, Michelle

2018

Keywords	Sociology ; Social Science
Size	1 Online-Ressource
Publisher	Brill
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English ; Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT021232762
ISBN	9789004383128 ; 9004383123
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: The genome sequence of common ivy,

Christenhusz, Maarten J M / Bell, David / Twyford, Alex D

Wellcome open research

2023 Volume 8, Page(s) 325

Abstract: We present a genome assembly from a specimen ... ...

Abstract	We present a genome assembly from a specimen of
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2398-502X
ISSN	2398-502X
DOI	10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19662.1
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Article ; Online: Antibiotics in Labor and Delivery.

Izewski, Joanna M / Bell, Brandon Z / Haas, David M

Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America

2023 Volume 50, Issue 1, Page(s) 137–150

Abstract: Infections are common in obstetric care and often require specific antibiotics, depending on the infection site and prevailing organisms. Summaries of antibiotic recommendations and treatment algorithms are provided for the following conditions: routine ... ...

Abstract	Infections are common in obstetric care and often require specific antibiotics, depending on the infection site and prevailing organisms. Summaries of antibiotic recommendations and treatment algorithms are provided for the following conditions: routine labor, group B streptococcus prophylaxis, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, operative vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery, obstetric anal sphincter lacerations, chorioamnionitis, postpartum endometritis, infections of the urinary tract, and bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/drug therapy ; Labor, Obstetric ; Delivery, Obstetric ; Chorioamnionitis
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1004315-9
ISSN	1558-0474 ; 0889-8545
ISSN (online)	1558-0474
ISSN	0889-8545
DOI	10.1016/j.ogc.2022.10.011
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Article ; Online: Redirecting Polyclonal T Cells against Cancer with Soluble T-Cell Receptors.

Berman, David M / Bell, John I

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research

2022 Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 697–704

Abstract: Cancer cells accumulate genetic mutations in coding proteins that may be presented by HLA as neoantigenic peptides (peptide HLA, pHLA). T cells scan for neoantigenic pHLA by the T-cell receptor (TCR):CD3 complex. This complex has the dual function of ... ...

Abstract	Cancer cells accumulate genetic mutations in coding proteins that may be presented by HLA as neoantigenic peptides (peptide HLA, pHLA). T cells scan for neoantigenic pHLA by the T-cell receptor (TCR):CD3 complex. This complex has the dual function of binding pHLA, by the TCR, and triggering T-cell activation by CD3. Checkpoint therapy activates exhausted T cells to kill cancer cells and generally work best against tumors with high neoantigen burden and in patients with neoantigenic-reactive T cells. TCR T-cell engagers (TCE) are a novel class of immunotherapy that bypasses these two requirements by redirecting polyclonal T cells, regardless of their native specificity, to kill a cancer cell independent of neoantigen burden. This is accomplished through deconstructing the membrane-bound TCR:CD3 complex into a soluble bispecific protein comprised of a targeting domain (TCR) and activating domain (usually anti-CD3 single-chain variable fragment). The pool of targets for TCR TCE is larger than for antibody therapeutics and includes >90% of human intra- or extracellular proteins. Most tumor-associated antigens for solid tumors are intracellular and accessible only by a TCR therapeutic. Tebentafusp, a TCR TCE directed to a peptide derived from the gp100 melanoma protein presented by HLA*A02:01, demonstrated a survival benefit in metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM). This survival benefit highlights the promise of TCR TCEs because mUM is a solid tumor with a very low neoantigen burden and has poor response to checkpoints and chemotherapy. Other TCR TCE programs are now in clinical studies for a broader range of tumors.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; Melanoma/genetics ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; CD3 Complex/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; CD3 Complex
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1225457-5
ISSN	1557-3265 ; 1078-0432
ISSN (online)	1557-3265
ISSN	1078-0432
DOI	10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-0028
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Article ; Online: Assessing microbial communities across the fine root landscape.

Fleishman, Suzanne M / Centinari, Michela / Bell, Terrence H / Eissenstat, David M

Journal of experimental botany

2023 Volume 74, Issue 6, Page(s) 1751–1757

MeSH term(s)	Soil Microbiology ; Bacteria ; Microbiota ; Rhizosphere ; Plant Roots ; Soil
Chemical Substances	Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2976-2
ISSN	1460-2431 ; 0022-0957
ISSN (online)	1460-2431
ISSN	0022-0957
DOI	10.1093/jxb/erad019
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Article ; Online: The Impact of Measurement Model Misspecification on Coefficient Omega Estimates of Composite Reliability.

Bell, Stephanie M / Chalmers, R Philip / Flora, David B

Educational and psychological measurement

2023 Volume 84, Issue 1, Page(s) 5–39

Abstract: Coefficient omega indices are model-based composite reliability estimates that have become increasingly popular. A coefficient omega index estimates how reliably an observed composite score measures a target construct as represented by a factor in a ... ...

Abstract	Coefficient omega indices are model-based composite reliability estimates that have become increasingly popular. A coefficient omega index estimates how reliably an observed composite score measures a target construct as represented by a factor in a factor-analysis model; as such, the accuracy of omega estimates is likely to depend on correct model specification. The current paper presents a simulation study to investigate the performance of omega-unidimensional (based on the parameters of a one-factor model) and omega-hierarchical (based on a bifactor model) under correct and incorrect model misspecification for high and low reliability composites and different scale lengths. Our results show that coefficient omega estimates are unbiased when calculated from the parameter estimates of a properly specified model. However, omega-unidimensional produced positively biased estimates when the population model was characterized by unmodeled error correlations or multidimensionality, whereas omega-hierarchical was only slightly biased when the population model was either a one-factor model with correlated errors or a higher-order model. These biases were higher when population reliability was lower and increased with scale length. Researchers should carefully evaluate the feasibility of a one-factor model before estimating and reporting omega-unidimensional.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1500101-5
ISSN	1552-3888 ; 0013-1644
ISSN (online)	1552-3888
ISSN	0013-1644
DOI	10.1177/00131644231155804
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Article: Dementia risk factors in former contact sports participants: prospective cohort study.

Batty, G David / Bell, Steven / Kujala, Urho M / Sarna, Seppo J / Kaprio, Jaakko

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2024

Abstract: Background: The elevated dementia incidence in retired contact sport participants might be explained by a higher prevalence of established risk factors for the disease relative to the general population.: Methods: In this cohort study, former elite ... ...

Abstract	Background: The elevated dementia incidence in retired contact sport participants might be explained by a higher prevalence of established risk factors for the disease relative to the general population. Methods: In this cohort study, former elite participants active between 1920 and 1965 in soccer (N=303), boxing (N=281), and wrestling (N=318) were recruited using sports yearbooks and records of sports associations. Men in a population control group were identified using records from a compulsory medical examination (N=1712). All study members were linked to hospital registers (1970-2015) and self-completion questionnaires were circulated (1985, 1995) from which we captured data on nine established risk factors for dementia: hypertension and diabetes status, alcohol intake, loneliness, depressive symptoms, cigarette smoking, body weight, educational attainment, and physical activity. Results: There was little suggestion that former participants in contact sports had a higher prevalence of dementia risk factors relative to the general population. Rather, the balance of evidence was for more favourable risk factor levels in former athletes, as was particularly evident for ever having smoked cigarettes (range in odds ratios [95% confidence interval]: 0.32 [0.21, 0.48] for wrestling to 0.52 [0.36, 0.75] for soccer) and leisure-time physical activity (range in beta coefficients [95% confidence interval]: 1.34 [0.66, 2.02] for soccer to 1.80 [1.07, 2.52] for boxing). Conclusions: The increased dementia rates in retired contact sport participants evident in epidemiological studies is unlikely to be explained by the risk factors examined here. This implicates other characteristics of contact sports, including a history of repeated head impact.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.01.15.24301327
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Article ; Online: Secondary School Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of How Youth Sport Specialization Impacts Workload.

Bell, David R / Renner, Madison N / Hernandez, Mayrena I / Biese, Kevin M / Adler, Stephanie / Srygler, Emily

Sports health

2024 , Page(s) 19417381241231589

Abstract: Background: Youth sport specialization is a growing trend in youth sports and is associated with an increased risk of injuries and burnout. However, it is unknown how sport specialization is perceived to be affecting the working environment of secondary ...

Abstract	Background: Youth sport specialization is a growing trend in youth sports and is associated with an increased risk of injuries and burnout. However, it is unknown how sport specialization is perceived to be affecting the working environment of secondary school athletic trainers (ATs). The purpose of this paper is to describe how ATs perceive youth sport specialization impacting their workload and whether they perceive it to impact patient safety. Hypothesis: ATs will perceive that youth sport specialization impacts their workload and could impact patient safety. Study design: A sequential, explanatory mixed methods design with 2 phases: (1) cross-sectional surveys and (2) individual interviews. Level of evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 487 secondary school ATs completed the online survey (access rate, 8.4%; completion rate, 85.4%). The survey consisted of Likert questions and included sections about aspects of workload impacted by specialization, impacts on patient safety, demographics. Ten participants were selected to complete a semi-structured interview via video conference. Results: Approximately two-thirds of ATs perceive that sport specialization impacts their workload. (Somewhat, 38.6%; Quite a bit, 25.5%; A great deal, 5.5%) Attempts to reduce or modify patient activity and a patient's time for rehabilitation were the highest rated aspects of workload impacted by sport specialization. Approximately 30% ATs (29.9%) perceive that sport specialization impacts their workload to where it may influence patient safety (Somewhat, 21.6%; Quite a bit, 6.4%; A great deal, 1.9%). Three themes and subsequent subthemes were identified from the qualitative interviews: (1) current youth sport expectations, (2) conflict between school and club sports, and (3) AT job impacts. Conclusion: Secondary school ATs perceive their workload to be negatively impacted by youth sport specialization and some believe it may impact patient safety. Clinical relevance: Youth sport specialization is impacting youth sport stakeholders, including ATs, in a variety of ways.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2508802-6
ISSN	1941-0921 ; 1941-7381
ISSN (online)	1941-0921
ISSN	1941-7381
DOI	10.1177/19417381241231589
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Article ; Online: Increasing perioperative age and comorbidity, a 16-year prospective cohort study at two University hospital sites in Sweden.

Leigard, Ellen / Hertzberg, Daniel / Konrad, David / Bell, Max

International journal of surgery (London, England)

2024

Abstract: Background: Increasing life expectancy affects all aspects of healthcare. During surgery elderly patients are prone to complications and have higher risk of death. We aimed to investigate if adult patients undergoing surgery at a large Swedish ... ...

Abstract	Background: Increasing life expectancy affects all aspects of healthcare. During surgery elderly patients are prone to complications and have higher risk of death. We aimed to investigate if adult patients undergoing surgery at a large Swedish university hospital were getting older and sicker over time, and if this potential shift in age and illness severity was associated with higher patient mortality rates. Materials and methods: This was a 16-year cohort study on all surgical procedures performed in adult patients 2006-2021 at two sites of X University Hospital. Study data was obtained from the surgical system, electronic medical records and cause-of-death register. Information on age, sex, ASA-classification, date-, type-, acuity- and duration of surgery was collected. ICD-codes were used to calculate Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Short-, medium- and long-term mortality rates were assessed. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate changes over time. Results: There were 622,814 surgical procedures 2006-2021. Age, ASA-classification and CCI increased over time (P<0.0001). The proportions of age ≥60 years increased from 41.8 to 52.8% and of ASA-class ≥3 from 22.5 to 47.6%. Comparing 2018-2021 with 2006-2009, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 30-, 90- and 365-day mortality, adjusted for age, sex, non-elective surgery and ASA-classification, decreased significantly to 0.75 (0.71-0.79), 0.72 (0.69-0.76), and 0.76 (0.74-0.79), respectively. Conclusion: Although the surgical population got older and sicker during the 16-year study period, short-, medium- and long-term mortality rates decreased significantly. These demographic shifts must be taken into account when planning for future healthcare needs to preserve patient safety.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2212038-5
ISSN	1743-9159 ; 1743-9191
ISSN (online)	1743-9159
ISSN	1743-9191
DOI	10.1097/JS9.0000000000001326
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Article ; Online: Antimicrobial susceptibility assays for Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a proof-of-principle population-based retrospective analysis.

Bell, Sara F E / Ware, Robert S / Lewis, David A / Lahra, Monica M / Whiley, David M

The Lancet. Microbe

2023 Volume 4, Issue 7, Page(s) e544–e551

Abstract: Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment guided by molecular antimicrobial susceptibility assays could improve treatment options and antimicrobial stewardship; however, few commercial assays are available. We aimed to investigate antimicrobial ... ...

Abstract	Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment guided by molecular antimicrobial susceptibility assays could improve treatment options and antimicrobial stewardship; however, few commercial assays are available. We aimed to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility of N gonorrhoeae isolates in New South Wales, Australia, and estimate the potential usefulness of hypothetical combinations of rapid molecular antimicrobial susceptibility assays. Methods: In this proof-of-principle, population-based, retrospective analysis, we assessed N gonorrhoeae susceptibility data for ceftriaxone, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and penicillin. Isolates were previously collected as part of the Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme between Jan 1, 2008, and Dec 31, 2019. All cultured N gonorrhoeae isolates with susceptibility data to all four antimicrobials were included. However, only one isolate was included if several isolates originated from the same individual within 13 days of the previous isolate originating from that individual, and there were less than two standard double-dilution minimum inhibitory concentrations between the isolates. We assessed the use of different combinations of hypothetical antimicrobial susceptibility assays and treatment combinations in terms of their ability to minimise overall ceftriaxone use, and use specifically in isolates with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone, compared with standard non-assay-guided empirical ceftriaxone treatment. Findings: We included 23 089 N gonorrhoeae isolates. The prevalence of antimicrobial sensitivity fluctuated significantly during the study. Isolates with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone were more likely to be resistant to one or more antimicrobials than isolates without decreased susceptibility (782 [98·6%] of 793 vs 10 661 [47·8%] of 22 296), particularly ciprofloxacin (p<0·0001) and penicillin (p<0·0001). Compared with empirical ceftriaxone treatment, we estimated that strategies based on the use of hypothetical antimicrobial susceptibility would reduce ceftriaxone use (p<0·0001). However, because of co-resistance, most assay-directed treatment strategies, including those involving use of assays for two antibiotics, would result in only moderate reductions in ceftriaxone use among isolates with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone. Interpretation: Individualised treatment guided by molecular antimicrobial susceptibility diagnostics could help to reduce overall ceftriaxone use in gonorrhoea. However, the use of these assays needs to be informed by the non-random nature of co-resistance among circulating N gonorrhoeae strains. Funding: Australian Government and Queensland Government.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; Ceftriaxone/pharmacology ; Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Australia ; Gonorrhea/drug therapy ; Gonorrhea/epidemiology ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology ; Ciprofloxacin/therapeutic use ; Penicillins/pharmacology ; Penicillins/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents
Chemical Substances	Ceftriaxone (75J73V1629) ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; Penicillins ; Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2666-5247
ISSN (online)	2666-5247
DOI	10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00071-X
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