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  1. Article ; Online: Heparin Concentration in Evacuated Tubes and Its Effect on pH, Ionized Calcium, Lactate, and Potassium in Venous Blood Gas Analysis.

    Mahler, Katherine / Kerlin, Rae / Jones, JoAnna / Li, Jieli

    Laboratory medicine

    2023  Volume 54, Issue 5, Page(s) e157–e160

    Abstract: Arterial blood specimens collected in evacuated tubes are unacceptable for blood gas analysis. However, evacuated tubes are routinely used for venous blood-gas analysis. The impact of the blood to heparin ratio on venous blood in evacuated tubes is ... ...

    Abstract Arterial blood specimens collected in evacuated tubes are unacceptable for blood gas analysis. However, evacuated tubes are routinely used for venous blood-gas analysis. The impact of the blood to heparin ratio on venous blood in evacuated tubes is unclear. Venous blood was drawn into lithium and sodium heparin evacuated tubes that were 1/3 full, ½ full, 2/3 full, and fully filled. Specimens were analyzed for pH, ionized calcium (iCa), lactate, and potassium on a blood-gas analyzer. The results for specimens filled only 1/3 full for lithium and sodium heparin tubes revealed a significant increase in pH and a significant decrease in the iCa. Underfilling the lithium and sodium heparin evacuated tubes did not significantly impact the lactate or potassium results. Venous whole-blood specimens should be filled to at least 2/3 full for accurate pH and iCa results.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Heparin ; Lactic Acid ; Potassium ; Calcium ; Lithium ; Blood Specimen Collection/methods ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
    Chemical Substances Heparin (9005-49-6) ; Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT) ; Potassium (RWP5GA015D) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP) ; Lithium (9FN79X2M3F)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 391758-7
    ISSN 1943-7730 ; 0007-5027
    ISSN (online) 1943-7730
    ISSN 0007-5027
    DOI 10.1093/labmed/lmad022
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  2. Article ; Online: Multiple lines of evidence point to pesticides as stressors affecting invertebrate communities in small streams in five United States regions.

    Nowell, Lisa H / Moran, Patrick W / Waite, Ian R / Schmidt, Travis S / Bradley, Paul M / Mahler, Barbara J / Van Metre, Peter C

    The Science of the total environment

    2024  Volume 915, Page(s) 169634

    Abstract: Multistressor studies were performed in five regions of the United States to assess the role of pesticides as stressors affecting invertebrate communities in wadable streams. Pesticides and other chemical and physical stressors were measured in 75 to 99 ... ...

    Abstract Multistressor studies were performed in five regions of the United States to assess the role of pesticides as stressors affecting invertebrate communities in wadable streams. Pesticides and other chemical and physical stressors were measured in 75 to 99 streams per region for 4 weeks, after which invertebrate communities were surveyed (435 total sites). Pesticides were sampled weekly in filtered water, and once in bed sediment. The role of pesticides as a stressor to invertebrate communities was assessed by evaluating multiple lines of evidence: toxicity predictions based on measured pesticide concentrations, multivariate models and other statistical analyses, and previously published mesocosm experiments. Toxicity predictions using benchmarks and species sensitivity distributions and statistical correlations suggested that pesticides were present at high enough concentrations to adversely affect invertebrate communities at the regional scale. Two undirected techniques-boosted regression tree models and distance-based linear models-identified which pesticides were predictors of (respectively) invertebrate metrics and community composition. To put insecticides in context with known, influential covariates of invertebrate response, generalized additive models were used to identify which individual pesticide(s) were important predictors of invertebrate community condition in each region, after accounting for natural covariates. Four insecticides were identified as stressors to invertebrate communities at the regional scale: bifenthrin, chlordane, fipronil and its degradates, and imidacloprid. Fipronil was particularly important in the Southeast region, and imidacloprid, bifenthrin, and chlordane were important in multiple regions. For imidacloprid, bifenthrin, and fipronil, toxicity predictions were supported by mesocosm experiments that demonstrated adverse effects on naïve aquatic communities when dosed under controlled conditions. These multiple lines of evidence do not prove causality-which is challenging in the field under multistressor conditions-but they make a strong case for the role of insecticides as stressors adversely affecting invertebrate communities in streams within the five sampled regions.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; United States ; Pesticides/analysis ; Insecticides/analysis ; Rivers/chemistry ; Chlordan/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Invertebrates ; Neonicotinoids ; Nitro Compounds ; Pyrethrins
    Chemical Substances Pesticides ; bifenthrin (6B66JED0KN) ; imidacloprid (3BN7M937V8) ; Insecticides ; Chlordan (12789-03-6) ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Neonicotinoids ; Nitro Compounds ; Pyrethrins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-24
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169634
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  3. Article ; Online: Genetic markers and tree properties predicting wood biorefining potential in aspen (Populus tremula) bioenergy feedstock.

    Escamez, Sacha / Robinson, Kathryn M / Luomaranta, Mikko / Gandla, Madhavi Latha / Mähler, Niklas / Yassin, Zakiya / Grahn, Thomas / Scheepers, Gerhard / Stener, Lars-Göran / Jansson, Stefan / Jönsson, Leif J / Street, Nathaniel R / Tuominen, Hannele

    Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 65

    Abstract: Background: Wood represents the majority of the biomass on land and constitutes a renewable source of biofuels and other bioproducts. However, wood is recalcitrant to bioconversion, raising a need for feedstock improvement in production of, for instance, ...

    Abstract Background: Wood represents the majority of the biomass on land and constitutes a renewable source of biofuels and other bioproducts. However, wood is recalcitrant to bioconversion, raising a need for feedstock improvement in production of, for instance, biofuels. We investigated the properties of wood that affect bioconversion, as well as the underlying genetics, to help identify superior tree feedstocks for biorefining.
    Results: We recorded 65 wood-related and growth traits in a population of 113 natural aspen genotypes from Sweden ( https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gtht76hrd ). These traits included three growth and field performance traits, 20 traits for wood chemical composition, 17 traits for wood anatomy and structure, and 25 wood saccharification traits as indicators of bioconversion potential. Glucose release after saccharification with acidic pretreatment correlated positively with tree stem height and diameter and the carbohydrate content of the wood, and negatively with the content of lignin and the hemicellulose sugar units. Most of these traits displayed extensive natural variation within the aspen population and high broad-sense heritability, supporting their potential in genetic improvement of feedstocks towards improved bioconversion. Finally, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed 13 genetic loci for saccharification yield (on a whole-tree-biomass basis), with six of them intersecting with associations for either height or stem diameter of the trees.
    Conclusions: The simple growth traits of stem height and diameter were identified as good predictors of wood saccharification yield in aspen trees. GWAS elucidated the underlying genetics, revealing putative genetic markers for bioconversion of bioenergy tree feedstocks.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2731-3654
    ISSN (online) 2731-3654
    DOI 10.1186/s13068-023-02315-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Synergistic roles of tristetraprolin family members in myeloid cells in the control of inflammation.

    Snyder, Brittany L / Huang, Rui / Burkholder, Adam B / Donahue, Danielle R / Mahler, Beth W / Bortner, Carl D / Lai, Wi S / Blackshear, Perry J

    Life science alliance

    2023  Volume 7, Issue 1

    Abstract: Members of the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of RNA-binding proteins can bind to and promote the decay of specific transcripts containing AU-rich motifs. ZFP36 (TTP) is best known for regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in myeloid cells; ... ...

    Abstract Members of the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of RNA-binding proteins can bind to and promote the decay of specific transcripts containing AU-rich motifs. ZFP36 (TTP) is best known for regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in myeloid cells; however, its mammalian paralogues ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 have not been viewed as important in controlling inflammation. We knocked out these genes in myeloid cells in mice, singly and together. Single-gene myeloid-specific knockouts resulted in almost no spontaneous phenotypes. In contrast, mice with myeloid cell deficiency of all three genes developed severe inflammation, with a median survival of 8 wk. Macrophages from these mice expressed many more stabilized transcripts than cells from myeloid-specific TTP knockout mice; many of these encoded pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The failure of weight gain, arthritis, and early death could be prevented completely by two normal alleles of any of the three paralogues, and even one normal allele of
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Tristetraprolin/genetics ; Tristetraprolin/metabolism ; Inflammation/genetics ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Myeloid Cells/metabolism ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Mice, Knockout ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Mammals/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Tristetraprolin ; Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ISSN 2575-1077
    ISSN (online) 2575-1077
    DOI 10.26508/lsa.202302222
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Adipocere formation in biofilms as a first step in soft tissue preservation.

    Mähler, Bastian / Janssen, Kathrin / Tahoun, Mariam / Tomaschek, Frank / Schellhorn, Rico / Müller, Christa E / Bierbaum, Gabriele / Rust, Jes

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 10122

    Abstract: The preservation of soft tissue in the fossil record is mostly due to the replacement of organic structures by minerals (e.g. calcite, aragonite or apatite) called pseudomorphs. In rare cases soft tissues were preserved by pyrite. We assume that ... ...

    Abstract The preservation of soft tissue in the fossil record is mostly due to the replacement of organic structures by minerals (e.g. calcite, aragonite or apatite) called pseudomorphs. In rare cases soft tissues were preserved by pyrite. We assume that adipocere, as the shaping component, might be a preliminary stage in the pyritisation of soft tissues under anaerobic conditions. Using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-UV/MS) and confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) we were able to demonstrate the transformation of the hepatopancreas (digestive gland) of the crayfish Cambarellus diminutus [Hobbs 1945] into adipocere within only 9 days, just inside a biofilm. Microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) which were responsible for the biofilm (Sphaerotilus [Kutzig 1833] and Pluteus [Fries 1857]) and maybe the adipocere formation (Clostridium [Prazmowski 1880]) were detected by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Furthermore, micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) analyses revealed a precipitation of calcite and further showed that in animals with biofilm formation calcite precipitates in finer grained crystals than in individuals without biofilm formation, and that the precipitates were denser and replicated the structures of the cuticles better than the coarse precipitates.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biofilms ; Calcium Carbonate ; Postmortem Changes ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Tissue Preservation ; X-Ray Microtomography
    Chemical Substances RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Calcium Carbonate (H0G9379FGK)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-14119-8
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  6. Article ; Online: The effect of buzzy®, DistrACTION® cards on reducing pediatric pain and fear during blood collection in the rheumatology polyclinic: A randomized controlled trial.

    Bilgen Sivri, B / Feng, Y S / Michler, C / Kuemmerle-Deschner, J / Mahler, C

    Journal of pediatric nursing

    2023  Volume 73, Page(s) e446–e454

    Abstract: ... Revised (FPS-R). The data were evaluated using the Pearson chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, One-way ...

    Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Buzzy® and DistrACTION® Cards in reducing children's pain and fear while taking venous blood samples.
    Methods: This research was designed as a randomized controlled experimental study. The study population consisted of children aged 6-12 years admitted to the Pediatric Rheumatology Diseases Polyclinic in a Faculty of Medicine in Germany. The sample of the study consisted of 96 children (Buzzy® = 32, DistrACTION® Cards = 32, control = 32) who met the patient selection criteria and agreed to participate in the study. The data were obtained using a Child and Family Information Form, the Children Fear Scale (CFS), and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R). The data were evaluated using the Pearson chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, One-way ANOVA test with Bonferroni correction, and Fisher-Freeman-Halton.
    Findings: In the study, the average age of the children was 9.21 ± 2.15 years. The Buzzy® group had the lowest pain and procedural fear scores (self-report = 0.88 ± 1.13, 0.31 ± 0.47; parent report = 0.75 ± 0.98, 0.34 ± 0.48, and researcher report = 0.81 ± 1.00, 0.31 ± 0.54, respectively) than the DC, and control groups.
    Conclusions: The Buzzy® method was effective in reducing venipuncture pain and fear in children.
    Practice implications: Nurses can use the Buzzy® methods to help reduce venipuncture pain and fear in children. The clinical trial registration number is NCT05560074. (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT05560074).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Pain Management/methods ; Rheumatology ; Pain/prevention & control ; Phlebotomy ; Fear ; Anxiety
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632731-x
    ISSN 1532-8449 ; 0882-5963
    ISSN (online) 1532-8449
    ISSN 0882-5963
    DOI 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.10.013
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  7. Article ; Online: Future glycemic control of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus at toddler and preschool/school age.

    Aeppli, Tim R J / Mahler, Fiona L / Konrad, Daniel

    Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM

    2019  Volume 32, Issue 9, Page(s) 929–933

    Abstract: Background The main objective of this study was to compare future glycemic control in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) at toddler age and preschool/school age. In addition, we aimed to examine risk factors known to be associated ... ...

    Abstract Background The main objective of this study was to compare future glycemic control in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) at toddler age and preschool/school age. In addition, we aimed to examine risk factors known to be associated with future glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in children diagnosed with T1DM. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of 85 patients diagnosed with T1DM at toddler age (group 1; 0-2.9 years; n = 36) or preschool/school age (group 2; 5-6.9 years; n = 49) who were followed up at the University Children's Hospital in Zurich for at least 10 consecutive years or until the age of 15 years. Results The mean HbA1c level in the first year after diagnosis had a highly predictive value about glycemic control in the following 6 years. In addition, a longer duration of T1DM was associated with higher HbA1c values. HbA1c values did not differ significantly within 11 years after diagnosis between children in the two age groups. Neither was a difference found when comparing the two groups in respect to their chronological age, although a trend was noted (p = 0.09). This trend is very likely due to a longer duration of diabetes in group 1. Conclusions HbA1c level in the first year predicts glycemic control for the next 6 years and deterioration of HbA1c values can be noted with longer duration of T1DM. Moreover, our study demonstrated similar future glycemic control in patients diagnosed with T1DM at toddler age and preschool/school age.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glycated Hemoglobin A/analysis ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia/blood ; Hyperglycemia/epidemiology ; Hyperglycemia/prevention & control ; Hypoglycemia/blood ; Hypoglycemia/epidemiology ; Hypoglycemia/prevention & control ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Blood Glucose ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; hemoglobin A1c protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-18
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1231070-0
    ISSN 2191-0251 ; 0334-018X
    ISSN (online) 2191-0251
    ISSN 0334-018X
    DOI 10.1515/jpem-2019-0152
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  8. Article ; Online: Start-up of an aerobic granular sludge system from stored granules: Evaluating the impact of storage period on biomass activity and stability and the effect of temperature on nitrification and phosphorus removal rates.

    Duarte, K L S / Castellanos, R M / Costa, R C / Mahler, C F / Bassin, J P

    Journal of environmental management

    2021  Volume 296, Page(s) 113200

    Abstract: Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been considered a breakthrough within the wastewater treatment sector. However, the long reactor start-up for the formation of granules is challenging and may hinder the spread of this technology. To circumvent this ... ...

    Abstract Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been considered a breakthrough within the wastewater treatment sector. However, the long reactor start-up for the formation of granules is challenging and may hinder the spread of this technology. To circumvent this obstacle, inoculation of the reactors with pre-formed granules from existing plants is an interesting approach. In this context, issues related to biomass storage becomes very relevant. In this study, reactivation of aerobic granular biomass after storage was evaluated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) designed for achieving simultaneous organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Two different scenarios, short (40 days) and long (180 days) storage periods, were assessed, and their influence on the granules physical properties and bioactivity was addressed. The results revealed that the granules stored for a shorter period showed higher resistance to breakage and underwent smooth color changes. On the other hand, the biomass stored for a longer period acquired a dark color and was more susceptible to disruption during reactivation. The granules stored for 6 months become swollen and exhibited an irregular morphology and fluffy structure within the first days of reactivation. Consequently, their settling properties were adversely affected, and some parameters such as the food-to-microorganism ratio had to be adjusted to prevent granules disintegration. Regarding the bioactivity of important microbial functional groups, COD removal was rapidly restored within a few days of SBR operation with the biomass stored for a shorter period. However, it took longer for the biomass stored for 180 days to reach the same performance observed for the granules stored for 40 days. A similar trend is valid for nitrification. In the experiments with sludge stored for a longer time, it took almost twice as long to reach effluent ammonium concentrations lower than 1 mg NH
    MeSH term(s) Aerobiosis ; Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Nitrification ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Phosphorus ; Sewage ; Temperature ; Waste Disposal, Fluid
    Chemical Substances Sewage ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184882-3
    ISSN 1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
    ISSN (online) 1095-8630
    ISSN 0301-4797
    DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113200
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  9. Article ; Online: Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitors Inspired on Snapshots from the Catalytic Mechanism.

    Palacios, Antonella R / Rossi, María-Agustina / Mahler, Graciela S / Vila, Alejandro J

    Biomolecules

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 6

    Abstract: β-Lactam antibiotics are the most widely prescribed antibacterial drugs due to their low toxicity and broad spectrum. Their action is counteracted by different resistance mechanisms developed by bacteria. Among them, the most common strategy is the ... ...

    Abstract β-Lactam antibiotics are the most widely prescribed antibacterial drugs due to their low toxicity and broad spectrum. Their action is counteracted by different resistance mechanisms developed by bacteria. Among them, the most common strategy is the expression of β-lactamases, enzymes that hydrolyze the amide bond present in all β-lactam compounds. There are several inhibitors against serine-β-lactamases (SBLs). Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are Zn(II)-dependent enzymes able to hydrolyze most β-lactam antibiotics, and no clinically useful inhibitors against them have yet been approved. Despite their large structural diversity, MBLs have a common catalytic mechanism with similar reaction species. Here, we describe a number of MBL inhibitors that mimic different species formed during the hydrolysis process: substrate, transition state, intermediate, or product. Recent advances in the development of boron-based and thiol-based inhibitors are discussed in the light of the mechanism of MBLs. We also discuss the use of chelators as a possible strategy, since Zn(II) ions are essential for substrate binding and catalysis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Biocatalysis/drug effects ; Humans ; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors/chemistry ; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; beta-Lactamases/metabolism ; beta-Lactams/chemistry ; beta-Lactams/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors ; beta-Lactams ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2701262-1
    ISSN 2218-273X ; 2218-273X
    ISSN (online) 2218-273X
    ISSN 2218-273X
    DOI 10.3390/biom10060854
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  10. Article ; Online: Failure of total hypophysectomy to remove intrasellar microadenoma in cushing's disease.

    Verhelst, J / Klaes, R / Smets, G / Klöppel, G / Hoorens, A / Abs, R / Mahler, C

    Endocrine pathology

    2020  Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) 205–208

    Abstract: The pathological findings are described of a female patient with persistent Cushing's disease after two unsuccessful transsphenoidal operations: a left transsphenoidal hemihypophysectomy followed by a total hypophysectomy 1 month later. The patient was ... ...

    Abstract The pathological findings are described of a female patient with persistent Cushing's disease after two unsuccessful transsphenoidal operations: a left transsphenoidal hemihypophysectomy followed by a total hypophysectomy 1 month later. The patient was finally cured by bilateral adrenalectomy but suddenly died of heart failure 4 months later. Postmortem examination did not show invasive ACTH-secreting tissue in the pituitary region or an ectopic ACTH-secreting tumor, as initially presumed. Instead, a very small corticotroph adenoma was located immediately under the diaphragm sellae at the left side. The reasons for surgical failure in Cushing's disease are discussed. As in our patient, a missed small intrasellar adenoma must not be excluded when "total" hypophysectomy fails to cure Cushing's disease.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1033267-4
    ISSN 1559-0097 ; 1046-3976
    ISSN (online) 1559-0097
    ISSN 1046-3976
    DOI 10.1007/BF02921364
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