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Article ; Online: The potential of industrial sludge and textile solid wastes for biomass briquettes with avocado peels as a binder.

Demeke, Eyasu Derbew / Desta, Mekonnen Abebayehu / Mekonnen, Yedilfana Setarge

Environmental science and pollution research international

2023 Volume 30, Issue 36, Page(s) 86155–86164

Abstract: Producing biomass briquettes from industrial solid wastes is a more environmentally friendly way to provide alternative energy and is essential for Ethiopia to satisfy its growing energy needs while also ensuring efficient waste management in the ... ...

Abstract	Producing biomass briquettes from industrial solid wastes is a more environmentally friendly way to provide alternative energy and is essential for Ethiopia to satisfy its growing energy needs while also ensuring efficient waste management in the expansion of industrial parks. The main objective of this study is to produce biomass briquettes from a mixture of textile sludge and cotton residue using avocado peels as a binder. Textile solid waste, avocado peels, and sludge were dried, carbonized, and turned into powder to make briquettes. Briquettes made from the mixture of industrial sludge and cotton residue were combined in various ratios: 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50 with the same amount of the binder. Briquettes were then made using a hand press mold followed by sun-drying for two weeks. The moisture content, calorific value, briquette density, and burning rate of biomass briquettes ranged from 5.03 to 8.04%, 11.19 to 17.2 MJ/kg, 0.21 to 0.41 g/cm3, and 2.92 to 8.75 g/min, respectively. The results revealed that the briquette produced from a 50:50 ratio of industrial sludge to cotton residue was the most efficient. The inclusion of avocado peels as a binder enhanced the briquette's binding and heating properties. Thus, the findings suggested that mixing various industrial solid wastes with fruit wastes could be an effective means of making sustainable biomass briquettes for domestic purposes. Additionally, it can also promote proper waste management and provide young people with employment prospects.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Solid Waste ; Sewage ; Persea ; Biomass ; Industrial Waste ; Textiles
Chemical Substances	Solid Waste ; Sewage ; Industrial Waste
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-04
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-023-28493-x
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Article ; Online: Appropriateness of Head CT Scans at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.

Demeke, Etsehiwot / Mekonnen, Abebe

Ethiopian journal of health sciences

2022 Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) 359–368

Abstract: Background: Overutilization of advanced diagnostic imaging modalities strains health care systems, especially in resource limited setups. The aim of this study is to identify magnitude of inappropriate Head Computed Tomography scans at Tikur Anbessa ... ...

Abstract	Background: Overutilization of advanced diagnostic imaging modalities strains health care systems, especially in resource limited setups. The aim of this study is to identify magnitude of inappropriate Head Computed Tomography scans at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Radiology department, among patients getting Head Computed Tomography examinations in the period of August 2018- November 2018. Appropriateness of each scan was assessed using the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria. Result: Of the 443 Head Computed Tomography scans assessed, 61.6% were done for male patients and the mean age of patients scanned is 35. Children younger than 14yrs of age constituted 17.2%. No contrast was used in 63.9% of the scans and 64.3% were initial imaging with no prior study for similar indication. Out of the scans evaluated, 11.7% were inappropriate. Headache (38.5%), Seizure (23.1%) and Head trauma (23.1%) were the commonest indications for inappropriate scan. Scans done for cerebrovascular disease were 240 times more likely to be appropriate. Large number of inappropriate scans were requested from central triage (33.3%) and adult emergency (26.2%). Pediatric department requested inapproprieate scans in 11.9% of the cases. Residents requested majority of inappropriate scans (82.3%). Inappropriateness was associated with use of contrast agent and having only incidental outcomes. Conclusion: A large number of inappropriate Head Computed Tomography scans are being done. Mechanisms such as preauthorization by radiologists, increasing awareness by medical students, physicians, radiology residents and radiologists and preparing customized imaging appropriateness guidelines should be implemented.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethiopia ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-27
Publishing country	Ethiopia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2705970-4
ISSN	2413-7170 ; 2413-7170
ISSN (online)	2413-7170
ISSN	2413-7170
DOI	10.4314/ejhs.v32i2.17
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Article ; Online: Enhancing xylose fermentation capacity of engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae by multi-step evolutionary engineering in inhibitor-rich lignocellulose hydrolysate.

Demeke, Mekonnen M / Echemendia, Dannele / Belo, Edgard / Foulquié-Moreno, María R / Thevelein, Johan M

FEMS yeast research

2024

Abstract: Major progress in developing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that utilize the pentose sugar xylose has been achieved. However, the high inhibitor content of lignocellulose hydrolysates still hinders efficient xylose fermentation, which remains a major ... ...

Abstract	Major progress in developing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that utilize the pentose sugar xylose has been achieved. However, the high inhibitor content of lignocellulose hydrolysates still hinders efficient xylose fermentation, which remains a major obstacle for commercially viable second-generation bioethanol production. Further improvement of xylose utilization in inhibitor-rich lignocellulose hydrolysates remains highly challenging. In this work, we have developed a robust industrial S. cerevisiae strain able to efficiently ferment xylose in concentrated undetoxified lignocellulose hydrolysates. This was accomplished with novel multi-step evolutionary engineering. First, a tetraploid strain was generated and evolved in xylose-enriched pretreated spruce biomass. The best evolved strain was sporulated to obtain a genetically diverse diploid population. The diploid strains were then screened in industrially relevant conditions. The best performing strain, MDS130, showed superior fermentation performance in three different lignocellulose hydrolysates. In concentrated corncob hydrolysate, with initial cell density of 1 g DW/L, at 35°C, MDS130 completely co-consumed glucose and xylose, producing ± 7% v/v ethanol with a yield of 91% of the maximum theoretical value and an overall productivity of 1.22 g/L/h. MDS130 has been developed from previous industrial yeast strains without applying external mutagenesis, minimizing the risk of negative side-effects on other commercially important properties and maximizing its potential for industrial application.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2036775-2
ISSN	1567-1364 ; 1567-1356
ISSN (online)	1567-1364
ISSN	1567-1356
DOI	10.1093/femsyr/foae013
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Article ; Online: Clinically Confirmed Congenital Rubella Syndrome: The Role of Echocardiography.

Mekonnen, Demeke

Ethiopian journal of health sciences

2017 Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 197–202

Abstract: Background: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) affects thousands of children in the developing world because rubella vaccination is not routinely available in most of these countries. Among its many manifestations, congenital heart disease is life ... ...

Abstract	Background: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) affects thousands of children in the developing world because rubella vaccination is not routinely available in most of these countries. Among its many manifestations, congenital heart disease is life threatening. Case details: A 9-month-old infant presented with whitish lesions over her left eye. She was evaluated with echocardiography that revealed peripheral pulmonary stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus. She had severe acute malnutrition and clinically confirmed congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). There was no available serologic test to confirm the diagnosis. Conclusion: This case was presented to demonstrate typical dual features of CRS by echocardiography and to emphasize the benefit of vaccination to prevent deleterious complications from congenital rubella syndrome.
MeSH term(s)	Echocardiography/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-01
Publishing country	Ethiopia
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	2413-7170
ISSN (online)	2413-7170
DOI	10.4314/ejhs.v27i2.13
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Article ; Online: Sustainability assessment of virtual water flows through cereal and milled grain trade among US counties

Lokendra S Rathore / Danyal Aziz / Betelhem W Demeke / Mesfin M Mekonnen

Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability, Vol 3, Iss 2, p

2023 Volume 025001

Abstract: Transference of the embedded water, so-called virtual water, in the trade of crops among regions within a country is often neglected, leading to no information about the impacts on the water resources of exporting regions, especially if those regions are ...

Abstract	Transference of the embedded water, so-called virtual water, in the trade of crops among regions within a country is often neglected, leading to no information about the impacts on the water resources of exporting regions, especially if those regions are water-stressed or, worse, water-scarce. Virtual water trade, if not considered through the lens of sustainability, could lead to adverse effects on the water resources of an exporting region. Previous related studies have quantified virtual water trade among the states in the United States providing valuable insights; however, information for specific crop trade among counties, its water footprint (WF) at the county scale, the resultant virtual water flow among counties, and the sustainability assessment of those virtual water flows are lacking. In this study, we calculate the green and blue WF of cereal and milled grain products at the county level and then, using trade data, calculate the virtual water flows among the counties. Then, we assess the sustainability of the import by introducing unsustainable import fraction (UIF), which is the ratio of virtual water imported from water-scarce counties to that of total virtual water imported in the form of cereal and milled grains. Finally, we quantify the change in UIF from the 2007–2017 period. A few of the significant insights discovered through this analysis include: (i) most of the cereal and milled grains trade is occurring among neighboring counties; ii) one-third of US counties import 75% or more virtual water from water scarce regions; (iii) in 2017, Texas and Missouri were the largest importer and exporter, respectively; and (iv) the number of counties importing cereals and milled grains from water-scarce counties increased from 2007 to 2017. Recommendations on alleviating the negative effects of the unsustainable import of cereal and milled grain are provided toward the end of the discussion.
Keywords	virtual water flow ; crop water footprint ; sustainability ; water scarcity ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IOP Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Leech infestation: the unusual cause of upper airway obstruction.

Mekonnen, Demeke

Ethiopian journal of health sciences

2013 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 65–68

Abstract: This paper presents a case of a 7 year-old child who presented with a 14-days history of blood stained saliva and shortness of breath of 3 days with signs of upper airway obstruction. Laryngoscopy revealed a blackish living foreign body in the proximal ... ...

Abstract	This paper presents a case of a 7 year-old child who presented with a 14-days history of blood stained saliva and shortness of breath of 3 days with signs of upper airway obstruction. Laryngoscopy revealed a blackish living foreign body in the proximal trachea. Under general anesthesia the leech was removed by applying forceps. I conclude that a high index of suspicion of leech infestation is required when faced with a child presenting with unexplained bleeding per mouth and signs of upper airway obstruction.
MeSH term(s)	Airway Obstruction/etiology ; Airway Obstruction/parasitology ; Animals ; Child ; Ethiopia ; Foreign Bodies/diagnosis ; Humans ; Leeches ; Male ; Trachea/parasitology
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-03-19
Publishing country	Ethiopia
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	2413-7170
ISSN (online)	2413-7170
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Article ; Online: The Influence of Social Media Usage on Adolescents’ Identity Status and Academic Achievement

Dessalegn Asmamaw / Demeke Binalf / Dereje Mekonnen

International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, Vol 4, Iss

The Case of Woldia High School Students, North Wollo of Amhara Regional State

2021 Volume 3

Abstract: The major purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of social media usage on adolescents’ identity status and academic achievement among school adolescents. Correlational research design was used to address the core objective of the study. A ... ...

Abstract	The major purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of social media usage on adolescents’ identity status and academic achievement among school adolescents. Correlational research design was used to address the core objective of the study. A total of 264 grade 10th students (124 male and 140 female) were randomly selected. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were employed to describe data and to analyze relationships among variables respectively while multiple regressions was employed to determine whether sex, age and social media predict academic achievement or not. As a result, the variable sex, age and face book usage found significantly predict academic achievement by about 8.2% (R2 =8.2%, F =7.09 p<0.05). Further, the study found that there were positively significant relationship among face book usage and adolescents’ identity status. Therefore, the computed Pearson correlation identified that moratorium identity status of the students correlated with facebook usage with r = .434 at p < .05; identity diffusion correlated with face book usage with r=.354 at p <0.05. Contrary to this, the computed Pearson correlation found negatively significant relationship between face book usage and identity achievement with r = -.104 at p = < 0.05), and between face book and identity foreclosure with r = - 0.89 at p < 0.05). In generally speaking, this study summarized that more than 70% of the adolescents in the study area are facebook users and most of them averagely use about 45 minutes to visit their facebook account per day while their facebook usage has direct relationship with their identity status. Based, on the findings, therefore, it was concluded that social media has both negative and positive influence on the identity status of adolescent and predicts adolescent’s CGPA. Hence, stakeholders’ due attention is highly needed to monitor the problem and create the way adolescents invest their time for their academic activities instead.
Keywords	Magneticeria Puzzle Learning Media ; Verbal Linguistic Intelligence ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	International Journal of Social Science Research and Review
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Cell Immobilization Using Alginate-Based Beads as a Protective Technique against Stressful Conditions of Hydrolysates for 2G Ethanol Production.

Soares, Raiane C / Zangirolami, Teresa C / Giordano, Raquel L C / Demeke, Mekonnen M / Thevelein, Johan M / Milessi, Thais S

Polymers

2022 Volume 14, Issue 12

Abstract: The development of biorefineries brings the necessity of an efficient consumption of all sugars released from biomasses, including xylose. In addition, the presence of inhibitors in biomass hydrolysates is one of the main challenges in bioprocess ... ...

Abstract	The development of biorefineries brings the necessity of an efficient consumption of all sugars released from biomasses, including xylose. In addition, the presence of inhibitors in biomass hydrolysates is one of the main challenges in bioprocess feasibility. In this study, the application of Ca-alginate hybrid gels in the immobilization of xylose-consuming recombinant yeast was explored with the aim of improving the tolerance of inhibitors. The recombinant yeast
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym14122400
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Article: Identification of the major fermentation inhibitors of recombinant 2G yeasts in diverse lignocellulose hydrolysates.

Vanmarcke, Gert / Demeke, Mekonnen M / Foulquié-Moreno, Maria R / Thevelein, Johan M

Biotechnology for biofuels

2021 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 92

Abstract: Background: Presence of inhibitory chemicals in lignocellulose hydrolysates is a major hurdle for production of second-generation bioethanol. Especially cheaper pre-treatment methods that ensure an economical viable production process generate high ... ...

Abstract	Background: Presence of inhibitory chemicals in lignocellulose hydrolysates is a major hurdle for production of second-generation bioethanol. Especially cheaper pre-treatment methods that ensure an economical viable production process generate high levels of these inhibitory chemicals. The effect of several of these inhibitors has been extensively studied with non-xylose-fermenting laboratory strains, in synthetic media, and usually as single inhibitors, or with inhibitor concentrations much higher than those found in lignocellulose hydrolysates. However, the relevance of individual inhibitors in inhibitor-rich lignocellulose hydrolysates has remained unclear. Results: The relative importance for inhibition of ethanol fermentation by two industrial second-generation yeast strains in five lignocellulose hydrolysates, from bagasse, corn cobs and spruce, has now been investigated by spiking higher concentrations of each compound in a concentration range relevant for industrial hydrolysates. The strongest inhibition was observed with industrially relevant concentrations of furfural causing partial inhibition of both D-glucose and D-xylose consumption. Addition of 3 or 6 g/L furfural strongly reduced the ethanol titer obtained with strain MD4 in all hydrolysates evaluated, in a range of 34 to 51% and of 77 to 86%, respectively. This was followed by 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, acetic acid and formic acid, for which in general, industrially relevant concentrations caused partial inhibition of D-xylose fermentation. On the other hand, spiking with levulinic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid or vanillin caused little inhibition compared to unspiked hydrolysate. The further evolved MD4 strain generally showed superior performance compared to the previously developed strain GSE16-T18. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of individual inhibitor evaluation in a medium containing a genuine mix of inhibitors as well as the ethanol that is produced by the fermentation. They also highlight the potential of increasing yeast inhibitor tolerance for improving industrial process economics.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2421351-2
ISSN	1754-6834
ISSN	1754-6834
DOI	10.1186/s13068-021-01935-9
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Article ; Online: Whole-Genome Transformation of Yeast Promotes Rare Host Mutations with a Single Causative SNP Enhancing Acetic Acid Tolerance.

Stojiljković, Marija / Claes, Arne / Deparis, Quinten / Demeke, Mekonnen M / Subotić, Ana / Foulquié-Moreno, María R / Thevelein, Johan M

Molecular and cellular biology

2022 Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) e0056021

Abstract: Whole-genome (WG) transformation (WGT) with DNA from the same or another species has been used to obtain strains with superior traits. Very few examples have been reported in eukaryotes-most apparently involving integration of large fragments of foreign ... ...

Abstract	Whole-genome (WG) transformation (WGT) with DNA from the same or another species has been used to obtain strains with superior traits. Very few examples have been reported in eukaryotes-most apparently involving integration of large fragments of foreign DNA into the host genome. We show that WGT of a haploid acetic acid-sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with DNA from a tolerant strain, but not from nontolerant strains, generated many tolerant transformants, some of which were stable upon subculturing under nonselective conditions. The most tolerant stable transformant contained no foreign DNA but only seven nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which none was present in the donor genome. The
MeSH term(s)	AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics ; Acetic Acid ; Alleles ; Mutation/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics ; Streptothricins ; Transcription Factors/genetics
Chemical Substances	Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Transcription Factors ; Streptothricins (54003-27-9) ; SNF4 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 2.7.11.1) ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.31) ; Acetic Acid (Q40Q9N063P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	779397-2
ISSN	1098-5549 ; 0270-7306
ISSN (online)	1098-5549
ISSN	0270-7306
DOI	10.1128/mcb.00560-21
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