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Article: Incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia after hospitalisation for pneumonia: a UK population-based matched cohort study.

Chalitsios, Christos V / Baskaran, Vadsala / Harwood, Rowan H / Lim, Wei Shen / McKeever, Tricia M

2023 Volume 9, Issue 3

Abstract: Background: Survivors of common infections may develop cognitive impairment or dementia; however, the risk of these conditions in people hospitalised with pneumonia is not well established.: Methods: A matched cohort study was conducted using ... ...

Abstract	Background: Survivors of common infections may develop cognitive impairment or dementia; however, the risk of these conditions in people hospitalised with pneumonia is not well established. Methods: A matched cohort study was conducted using Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data linked to the Clinical Practice Research Database (CPRD). Adults with the first International Classification of Diseases (10th Revision) code for pneumonia recorded in the HES between 1 July 2002 and 30 June 2017 were included, and up to four controls without hospitalisation for pneumonia in the CPRD were matched by sex, age and practice. Cognitive impairment and dementia incidence rates were calculated and survival analysis was performed comparing those hospitalised with pneumonia to the general population. Results: The incidence rates of cognitive impairment and dementia were 18 (95% CI 17.3-18.7) and 13.2 (95% CI 13-13.5) per 1000 person-years among persons previously hospitalised with pneumonia and the matched cohort respectively. People previously hospitalised with pneumonia had 53% higher incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.53, 95% CI 1.46-1.61) than their matched cohort. The highest incidence was observed within 1 year of hospitalisation for pneumonia compared to the general population (aHR 1.89, 95% CI 1.75-2.05). Age modified the effect of hospitalisation for pneumonia on cognitive impairment and dementia such that the size of effect was stronger in people between 45 and 60 years old (p-value for interaction <0.0001). Conclusion: Cognitive impairment and dementia are more likely to be diagnosed in people who have been hospitalised for pneumonia, especially in the first year after discharge, than in the general population.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2827830-6
ISSN	2312-0541
ISSN	2312-0541
DOI	10.1183/23120541.00328-2022
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Effects of tobacco smoking on recurrent hospitalisation with pneumonia: a population-based cohort study.

Baskaran, Vadsala / Lim, Wei Shen / McKeever, Tricia M

Thorax

2021 Volume 77, Issue 1, Page(s) 82–85

Abstract: The incidence of and risk factors for recurrent hospitalisation for pneumonia were investigated using data from Hospital Episode Statistics, linked to a UK primary care database. Within 90 days and 1 year of follow-up, 1733 (3.1%) and 5064 (9.0%), ... ...

Abstract	The incidence of and risk factors for recurrent hospitalisation for pneumonia were investigated using data from Hospital Episode Statistics, linked to a UK primary care database. Within 90 days and 1 year of follow-up, 1733 (3.1%) and 5064 (9.0%), developed recurrent pneumonia respectively. Smoking status at the time of hospitalisation with index pneumonia was associated with the risk of readmission with recurrent pneumonia within a year of discharge: current versus never smokers: adjusted subhazard ratio (sHR) 1.42, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.53, p<0.001, and ex smokers versus never smokers: adjusted sHR 1.24, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.34, p<0.001. Other independent risk factors associated with recurrent pneumonia were age, gender, deprivation and underlying comorbidities.
MeSH term(s)	Cohort Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Pneumonia/epidemiology ; Pneumonia/etiology ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Tobacco Smoking
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	204353-1
ISSN	1468-3296 ; 0040-6376
ISSN (online)	1468-3296
ISSN	0040-6376
DOI	10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216494
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Article ; Online: Images of the month: The conundrum of chronic coccidioidomycosis.

Bolaji, Oluwabusola M / Zainudin, Nurul I / Snape, Susan / Saini, Gauri / Baskaran, Vadsala

Clinical medicine (London, England)

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) e110–e111

MeSH term(s)	Coccidioidomycosis/diagnostic imaging ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2048646-7
ISSN	1473-4893 ; 1470-2118
ISSN (online)	1473-4893
ISSN	1470-2118
DOI	10.7861/clinmed.2020-0815
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Article ; Online: Co-Infections in People with COVID-19

Lansbury, Louise / Lim, Benjamin / Baskaran, Vadsala / Lim, Wei Shen

SSRN Electronic Journal ; ISSN 1556-5068

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.2139/ssrn.3594598
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Co-infections in people with COVID-19

Lansbury, Louise / Lim, Benjamin / Baskaran, Vadsala / Lim, Wei Shen

Journal of Infection

a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 Volume 81, Issue 2, Page(s) 266–275

Keywords	Microbiology (medical) ; Infectious Diseases ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	424417-5
ISSN	1532-2742 ; 0163-4453
ISSN (online)	1532-2742
ISSN	0163-4453
DOI	10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.046
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Article ; Online: Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lansbury, Louise / Lim, Benjamin / Baskaran, Vadsala / Lim, Wei Shen

The Journal of infection

2020 Volume 81, Issue 2, Page(s) 266–275

Abstract: Objectives: In previous influenza pandemics, bacterial co-infections have been a major cause of mortality. We aimed to evaluate the burden of co-infections in patients with COVID-19.: Methods: We systematically searched Embase, Medline, Cochrane ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: In previous influenza pandemics, bacterial co-infections have been a major cause of mortality. We aimed to evaluate the burden of co-infections in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We systematically searched Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, LILACS and CINAHL for eligible studies published from 1 January 2020 to 17 April 2020. We included patients of all ages, in all settings. The main outcome was the proportion of patients with a bacterial, fungal or viral co-infection. . Results: Thirty studies including 3834 patients were included. Overall, 7% of hospitalised COVID-19 patients had a bacterial co-infection (95% CI 3-12%, n=2183, I Conclusions: A low proportion of COVID-19 patients have a bacterial co-infection; less than in previous influenza pandemics. These findings do not support the routine use of antibiotics in the management of confirmed COVID-19 infection.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Infections/complications ; Bacterial Infections/epidemiology ; Bacterial Infections/virology ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; Coinfection/microbiology ; Coinfection/virology ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Humans ; Mycoses/complications ; Mycoses/epidemiology ; Mycoses/virology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Virus Diseases/complications ; Virus Diseases/epidemiology ; Virus Diseases/microbiology
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	424417-5
ISSN	1532-2742 ; 0163-4453
ISSN (online)	1532-2742
ISSN	0163-4453
DOI	10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.046
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Article ; Online: Primary care consultations after hospitalisation for pneumonia: a large population-based cohort study.

Baskaran, Vadsala / Pearce, Fiona / Harwood, Rowan H / McKeever, Tricia M / Lim, Wei Shen

The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners

2021 Volume 71, Issue 705, Page(s) e250–e257

Abstract: Background: Up to 70% of patients report ongoing symptoms 4 weeks after hospitalisation for pneumonia; the impact on primary care is poorly understood.: Aim: To investigate the frequency of primary care consultations after hospitalisation for ... ...

Abstract	Background: Up to 70% of patients report ongoing symptoms 4 weeks after hospitalisation for pneumonia; the impact on primary care is poorly understood. Aim: To investigate the frequency of primary care consultations after hospitalisation for pneumonia, and the reasons for consultation. Design and setting: A population-based cohort study in England using a UK primary care database of anonymised medical records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink [CPRD]) linked to Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). Method: Adults with the first International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code for pneumonia (J12-J18) recorded in HES between July 2002 and June 2017 were included. Primary care consultation within 30 days of discharge was identified as the recording of any medical Read code (excluding administration-related codes) in CPRD. Competing-risks regression analyses were conducted to determine the predictors of consultation and antibiotic use at consultation; death and readmission were competing events. Reasons for consultation were examined. Results: Of 56 396 adults, 55.9% ( Conclusion: Following hospitalisation for pneumonia, a significant proportion of patients consulted primary care within 30 days, highlighting the morbidity experienced by patients during recovery from pneumonia.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cohort Studies ; England/epidemiology ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Pneumonia/drug therapy ; Pneumonia/epidemiology ; Primary Health Care ; Referral and Consultation
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1043148-2
ISSN	1478-5242 ; 0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
ISSN (online)	1478-5242
ISSN	0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
DOI	10.3399/BJGP.2020.0890
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Article: Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lansbury, Louise / Lim, Benjamin / Baskaran, Vadsala / Lim, Wei Shen

J Infect

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: In previous influenza pandemics, bacterial co-infections have been a major cause of mortality. We aimed to evaluate the burden of co-infections in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: We systematically searched Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, ... ...

Abstract	OBJECTIVES: In previous influenza pandemics, bacterial co-infections have been a major cause of mortality. We aimed to evaluate the burden of co-infections in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: We systematically searched Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, LILACS and CINAHL for eligible studies published from 1 January 2020 to 17 April 2020. We included patients of all ages, in all settings. The main outcome was the proportion of patients with a bacterial, fungal or viral co-infection. . RESULTS: Thirty studies including 3834 patients were included. Overall, 7% of hospitalised COVID-19 patients had a bacterial co-infection (95% CI 3-12%, n=2183, I2=92·2%). A higher proportion of ICU patients had bacterial co-infections than patients in mixed ward/ICU settings (14%, 95% CI 5-26, I2=74·7% versus 4%, 95% CI 1-9, I2= 91·7%). The commonest bacteria were Mycoplasma pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae. The pooled proportion with a viral co-infection was 3% (95% CI 1-6, n=1014, I2=62·3%), with Respiratory Syncytial Virus and influenza A the commonest. Three studies reported fungal co-infections. CONCLUSIONS: A low proportion of COVID-19 patients have a bacterial co-infection; less than in previous influenza pandemics. These findings do not support the routine use of antibiotics in the management of confirmed COVID-19 infection.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #401261
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Co-infections in people with COVID-19

Lansbury, Louise / Lim, Benjamin / Baskaran, Vadsala / Lim, Wei Shen

a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020

Abstract: Objectives: In previous influenza pandemics, bacterial co-infections have been a major cause of mortality. We aimed to evaluate the burden of co-infections in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We systematically searched Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: In previous influenza pandemics, bacterial co-infections have been a major cause of mortality. We aimed to evaluate the burden of co-infections in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We systematically searched Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, LILACS and CINAHL for eligible studies published from 1 January 2020 to 17 April 2020. We included patients of all ages, in all settings. The main outcome was the proportion of patients with a bacterial, fungal or viral co-infection. .Results: Thirty studies including 3834 patients were included. Overall, 7% of hospitalised COVID-19 patients had a bacterial co-infection (95% CI 3-12%, n=2183, I2=92∙2%). A higher proportion of ICU patients had bacterial co-infections than patients in mixed ward/ICU settings (14%, 95% CI 5-26, I2=74∙7% versus 4%, 95% CI 1-9, I2= 91∙7%). The commonest bacteria were Mycoplasma pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae. The pooled proportion with a viral co-infection was 3% (95% CI 1-6, n=1014, I2=62∙3%), with Respiratory Syncytial Virus and influenza A the commonest. Three studies reported fungal co-infections.Conclusions: A low proportion of COVID-19 patients have a bacterial co-infection; less than in previous influenza pandemics. These findings do not support the routine use of antibiotics in the management of confirmed COVID-19 infection.
Keywords	Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coinfection ; Meta-Analysis ; covid19
Subject code	610
Publishing date	2020-05-27
Publisher	Elsevier
Publishing country	uk
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of developing community acquired pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Baskaran, Vadsala / Murray, Rachael L / Hunter, Abby / Lim, Wei Shen / McKeever, Tricia M

PloS one

2019 Volume 14, Issue 7, Page(s) e0220204

Abstract: Aim: To summarise and quantify the effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of developing community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults.: Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Web of Science, from inception to October ...

Abstract	Aim: To summarise and quantify the effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of developing community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults. Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Web of Science, from inception to October 2017, to identify case-control and cohort studies and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist. The review protocol was registered with the PROSPERO database (CRD42018093943). Study quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using a random-effects model. Results: Of 647 studies identified, 27 studies were included (n = 460,592 participants) in the systematic review. Most of the included studies were of moderate quality with a median score of six (IQR 6-7). Meta-analysis showed that current smokers (pooled OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.70-2.76, n = 13 studies; pooled HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.13-2.04, n = 7 studies) and ex-smokers (pooled OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.26-1.75, n = 8 studies; pooled HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.91-1.52, n = 6 studies) were more likely to develop CAP compared to never smokers. Although the association between passive smoking and risk of CAP in adults of all ages was not statistically significant (pooled OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.94-1.36, n = 5 studies), passive smoking in adults aged ≥65 years was associated with a 64% increased risk of CAP (pooled OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.17-2.30, n = 2 studies). Dose-response analyses of data from five studies revealed a significant trend; current smokers who smoked higher amount of tobacco had a higher risk of CAP. Conclusion: Tobacco smoke exposure is significantly associated with the development of CAP in current smokers and ex-smokers. Adults aged > 65 years who are passive smokers are also at higher risk of CAP. For current smokers, a significant dose-response relationship is evident.
MeSH term(s)	Case-Control Studies ; Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology ; Community-Acquired Infections/etiology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; Odds Ratio ; Pneumonia/epidemiology ; Pneumonia/etiology ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Tobacco Smoking/adverse effects
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0220204
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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