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  1. Article ; Online: Freezing of gait in older people: associated conditions, clinical aspects, assessment and treatment.

    Thanvi, Bhomraj / Treadwell, Sean D

    Postgraduate medical journal

    2010  Volume 86, Issue 1018, Page(s) 472–477

    Abstract: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling condition in older people. It is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other parkinsonian syndromes. The assessment of this condition poses challenges due to its episodic and transient nature and its frequent ... ...

    Abstract Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling condition in older people. It is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other parkinsonian syndromes. The assessment of this condition poses challenges due to its episodic and transient nature and its frequent association with cognitive impairment. The pathophysiology of FOG is complex and poorly understood. Morphological brain imaging is of limited value in the evaluation of FOG, and functional imaging techniques are currently being developed to study the phenomenon. The treatment of 'off' time FOG in PD is relatively straight forward, but 'on' freezing in PD and FOG associated with other conditions may be difficult to treat. FOG is a strong risk factor for falls and adversely affects the quality of life of patients and carers. A multidisciplinary team approach is essential for optimum management.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Dopamine Agents/therapeutic use ; Gait Disorders, Neurologic/etiology ; Gait Disorders, Neurologic/therapy ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/complications ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/diagnosis ; Parkinson Disease/complications ; Parkinsonian Disorders/complications ; Patient Care Team
    Chemical Substances Dopamine Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80325-x
    ISSN 1469-0756 ; 0032-5473
    ISSN (online) 1469-0756
    ISSN 0032-5473
    DOI 10.1136/pgmj.2009.090456
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.

    Treadwell, Sean D / Thanvi, Bhomraj

    Postgraduate medical journal

    2010  Volume 86, Issue 1014, Page(s) 235–242

    Abstract: Malignant MCA infarction' is the term used to describe rapid neurological deterioration due to the effects of space occupying cerebral oedema following middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory stroke. Early neurological decline and symptoms such as ... ...

    Abstract 'Malignant MCA infarction' is the term used to describe rapid neurological deterioration due to the effects of space occupying cerebral oedema following middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory stroke. Early neurological decline and symptoms such as headache and vomiting should alert the clinician to this syndrome, supported by radiological evidence of cerebral oedema and mass effect in the context of large hemispheric infarction. The prognosis is generally poor, and death usually occurs as a result of transtentorial herniation and brainstem compression. Treatment options include general measures and pharmacological agents to limit the extent of oedema, and surgical decompression to relieve the pressure effects. Until recently there has been little evidence to guide appropriate treatment, though in the last few years randomised data have been published addressing the role of surgical decompression. A pooled analysis of three European randomised controlled trials suggests that hemicraniectomy performed within 48 h significantly reduces mortality, and improves functional outcome in selected patients, and this has been reflected in recent national guidelines.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Edema/prevention & control ; Decompression, Surgical/methods ; Humans ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnosis ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/etiology ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/therapy ; Intracranial Hypertension/prevention & control ; Patient Positioning ; Stroke/prevention & control ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80325-x
    ISSN 1469-0756 ; 0032-5473
    ISSN (online) 1469-0756
    ISSN 0032-5473
    DOI 10.1136/pgmj.2009.094292
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Cocaine use and stroke.

    Treadwell, Sean D / Robinson, Tom G

    Postgraduate medical journal

    2007  Volume 83, Issue 980, Page(s) 389–394

    Abstract: Stroke is the third most common cause of death in developed countries. In England and Wales, 1000 people under the age of 30 have a stroke each year. Cocaine is the most commonly used class A drug, and the first report of cocaine-induced stroke was in ... ...

    Abstract Stroke is the third most common cause of death in developed countries. In England and Wales, 1000 people under the age of 30 have a stroke each year. Cocaine is the most commonly used class A drug, and the first report of cocaine-induced stroke was in 1977. Since the development of alkaloidal "crack" cocaine in the 1980s, there has been a significant rise in the number of case reports describing both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke associated with cocaine use. Cocaine is a potent central nervous system stimulant, and acts by binding to specific receptors at pre-synaptic sites preventing the reuptake of neurotransmitters. The exact mechanism of cocaine-induced stroke remains unclear and there are likely to be a number of factors involved including vasospasm, cerebral vasculitis, enhanced platelet aggregation, cardioembolism, and hypertensive surges associated with altered cerebral autoregulation. The evidence surrounding each of these factors will be considered here.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cocaine/chemistry ; Cocaine/pharmacology ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/complications ; Endothelin-1/drug effects ; Humans ; Stroke/chemically induced ; Vasospasm, Intracranial/chemically induced
    Chemical Substances Endothelin-1 ; Cocaine (I5Y540LHVR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-06-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80325-x
    ISSN 1469-0756 ; 0032-5473
    ISSN (online) 1469-0756
    ISSN 0032-5473
    DOI 10.1136/pgmj.2006.055970
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Anthrax cases in pregnant and postpartum women: a systematic review.

    Meaney-Delman, Dana / Zotti, Marianne E / Rasmussen, Sonja A / Strasser, Sheryl / Shadomy, Sean / Turcios-Ruiz, Reina M / Wendel, George D / Treadwell, Tracee A / Jamieson, Denise J

    Obstetrics and gynecology

    2012  Volume 120, Issue 6, Page(s) 1439–1449

    Abstract: Objective: To describe the worldwide experience of Bacillus anthracis infection reported in pregnant, postpartum, and lactating women.: Data sources: Studies were identified through MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and Global Health databases from ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To describe the worldwide experience of Bacillus anthracis infection reported in pregnant, postpartum, and lactating women.
    Data sources: Studies were identified through MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and Global Health databases from inception until May 2012. The key words (["anthrax" or "anthracis"] and ["pregna*" or "matern*" or "postpartum" or "puerperal" or "lact*" or "breastfed*" or "breastfeed*" or "fetal" or "fetus" or "neonate" or "newborn" or "abort*" or "uterus"]) were used. Additionally, all references from selected articles were reviewed, hand searches were conducted, and relevant authors were contacted.
    Methods of study selection: The inclusion criteria were: published articles referring to women diagnosed with an infection due to exposure to B anthracis during pregnancy, the postpartum period, or during lactation; any article type reporting patient-specific data; articles in any language; and nonduplicate cases. Non-English articles were professionally translated. Duplicate reports, unpublished reports, and review articles depicting previously identified cases were excluded.
    Tabulation, integration, and results: Two authors independently reviewed articles for inclusion. The primary search of the four databases yielded 1,340 articles, and the secondary crossreference search revealed 146 articles. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria. In total, 20 cases of B anthracis infection were found, 17 in pregnant women, two in postpartum women, and one case in a lactating woman. Among these reports, 16 women died and 12 fetal or neonatal losses were reported. Of these fatal cases, most predated the advent of antibiotics.
    Conclusions: Based on these case reports, B anthracis infection in pregnant and postpartum women is associated with high rates of maternal and fetal death. Evidence of possible maternal-fetal transmission of B anthracis infection was identified in early case reports.
    MeSH term(s) Anthrax/drug therapy ; Anthrax/epidemiology ; Anthrax/transmission ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacillus anthracis/drug effects ; Bacillus anthracis/isolation & purification ; Breast Feeding ; Female ; Fetal Death/epidemiology ; Fetal Death/microbiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lactation ; Maternal Death/statistics & numerical data ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-10-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 207330-4
    ISSN 1873-233X ; 0029-7844
    ISSN (online) 1873-233X
    ISSN 0029-7844
    DOI http://10.1097/AOG.0b013e318270ec08
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: associated anomalies and antenatal diagnosis. Outcome-related variables at two Detroit hospitals.

    Bedoyan, Jirair K / Blackwell, Sean C / Treadwell, Marjorie C / Johnson, Anthony / Klein, Michael D

    Pediatric surgery international

    2004  Volume 20, Issue 3, Page(s) 170–176

    Abstract: This retrospective study reviews the medical records of 77 fetuses and babies with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) referred to two hospitals in Detroit from 1986 through 2000. The aims were to examine the effects on outcome of multiple variables, ... ...

    Abstract This retrospective study reviews the medical records of 77 fetuses and babies with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) referred to two hospitals in Detroit from 1986 through 2000. The aims were to examine the effects on outcome of multiple variables, especially the type of CDH, associated anomalies, and ultrasound prognostic parameters. Ultrasound measurements of head (HC), chest (CC), and abdominal circumferences (AC) were obtained from videotapes. ANOVA and chi-square analysis were used to determine statistical significance between groups and proportions. Eighty-nine percent (65/73) of pregnancies resulted in live births, and 54% (35/65) of patients survived past 30 days. Liveborn patients with low APGAR scores were less likely to survive. Forty-three percent (30/70) had major associated anomalies, with cardiac anomalies constituting about 52% (33/64) of the major associated anomalies. Seventy percent of patients with isolated CDH survived versus 36% of patients with both CDH and cardiac anomalies. Sixty-seven percent (8/12) of fetuses antenatally diagnosed before 25 weeks of gestation survived past 30 days of birth. The survival rate of right-sided CDH with liver herniation was 80% (8/10), compared with 29% (4/14) for left-sided CDH with liver herniation (p=0.088). There was a significant linear relationship (r=0.603, p =0.029) between CC/AC and CC/HC among patients with CDH; survivors had higher CC/AC and CC/HC values than nonsurvivors. These results support the utility of CC/AC and CC/HC measurements and the presence of liver herniation as important prognostic factors that can be used in antenatal counseling and in planning clinical trials.
    MeSH term(s) Abnormalities, Multiple/epidemiology ; Abnormalities, Multiple/mortality ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Female ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic/diagnostic imaging ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic/epidemiology ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic/mortality ; Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Linear Models ; Michigan/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-03
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 632773-4
    ISSN 0179-0358
    ISSN 0179-0358
    DOI 10.1007/s00383-004-1138-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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