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  1. Article ; Online: Brain Fog in Hypothyroidism: What Is It, How Is It Measured, and What Can Be Done About It.

    Samuels, Mary H / Bernstein, Lori J

    Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 7, Page(s) 752–763

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    MeSH term(s) Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism/complications ; Hypothyroidism/drug therapy ; Quality of Life ; Thyroxine/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Thyroxine (Q51BO43MG4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1086044-7
    ISSN 1557-9077 ; 1050-7256
    ISSN (online) 1557-9077
    ISSN 1050-7256
    DOI 10.1089/thy.2022.0139
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Depression: Is There a Link?

    Samuels, Mary H

    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

    2018  Volume 103, Issue 5, Page(s) 2061–2064

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Middle Aged
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 3029-6
    ISSN 1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
    ISSN (online) 1945-7197
    ISSN 0021-972X
    DOI 10.1210/jc.2018-00276
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  3. Article ; Online: Hyperthyroidism and Dementia.

    Cooper, David S / Samuels, Mary H

    Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association

    2020  Volume 30, Issue 5, Page(s) 648–650

    MeSH term(s) Alzheimer Disease ; Dementia, Vascular ; Follow-Up Studies ; Goiter, Nodular ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Registries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1086044-7
    ISSN 1557-9077 ; 1050-7256
    ISSN (online) 1557-9077
    ISSN 1050-7256
    DOI 10.1089/thy.2020.0136
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  4. Article ; Online: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CTSA Clinical Research Centers over 2 years.

    Samuels, Mary H / Hommeyer, Ella / Booty, Brian / Frost, Kelli / Morris, Cynthia

    Journal of clinical and translational science

    2023  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) e116

    Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had an abrupt impact on patient-oriented research early in the pandemic. CTSA Clinical Research Centers (CRCs) rapidly adapted to this challenge, but the continued impact of later phases of the pandemic on CRC ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had an abrupt impact on patient-oriented research early in the pandemic. CTSA Clinical Research Centers (CRCs) rapidly adapted to this challenge, but the continued impact of later phases of the pandemic on CRC operations is not clear.
    Methods: An online REDCap survey of CTSA CRCs was developed that covered the first 2 years of the pandemic. The survey focused on impact on CRC functions, mitigation strategies, recovery of CRC activities, CRC contributions to COVID-related research, and potential lessons for future public health emergencies. The survey was sent to CRC directors at 61 CTSA Hubs in May 2022.
    Results: Twenty-seven Hubs (44%) responded to the survey. Most CRCs reported greater than 50% declines in inpatient census in the first year of the pandemic, with less severe impacts on outpatient census. CRCs pivoted to support COVID-related research and adopted innovative technology-driven approaches to support clinical research. Census improved in the second year of the pandemic in most CRCs but often remained below pre-pandemic levels, and greater than half of CRCs reported decreased revenue.
    Conclusions: CTSA-supported CRCs faced unprecedented challenges at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and responded rapidly to support COVID-related research and implement innovative approaches that allowed patient-oriented research activities to resume. However, many CRCs continued to report decreased research activities in the second year of the pandemic, and the long-term effects on CRC operations on finances are not clear. CRCs will likely need to evolve to provide support in nontraditional ways.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2059-8661
    ISSN (online) 2059-8661
    DOI 10.1017/cts.2023.543
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  5. Article ; Online: Thyroid disease and cognition.

    Samuels, Mary H

    Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

    2014  Volume 43, Issue 2, Page(s) 529–543

    Abstract: Overt hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are associated with significant decrements in mood and cognitive function, and therapy usually leads to improvement in these symptoms. In contrast, major affective or cognitive dysfunction is not typical of ... ...

    Abstract Overt hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are associated with significant decrements in mood and cognitive function, and therapy usually leads to improvement in these symptoms. In contrast, major affective or cognitive dysfunction is not typical of subclinical thyroid disease. Subtle deficits in specific cognitive domains (primarily working memory and executive function) likely exist in subclinical hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis, but these are unlikely to cause major problems in most patients. Patients with mild thyroid disease and significant distress related to mood or cognition most likely have independent diagnoses that should be evaluated and treated separately.
    MeSH term(s) Affect ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders/etiology ; Cognition Disorders/psychology ; Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Thyroid Diseases/complications ; Thyroid Diseases/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 92116-6
    ISSN 1558-4410 ; 0889-8529
    ISSN (online) 1558-4410
    ISSN 0889-8529
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecl.2014.02.006
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  6. Article ; Online: Psychiatric and cognitive manifestations of hypothyroidism.

    Samuels, Mary H

    Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity

    2014  Volume 21, Issue 5, Page(s) 377–383

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Overt hypothyroidism has major effects on neuropsychiatric function, but patients with mild hypothyroidism may attribute unrelated neuropsychiatric symptoms to their thyroid condition. This review will summarize data on ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Overt hypothyroidism has major effects on neuropsychiatric function, but patients with mild hypothyroidism may attribute unrelated neuropsychiatric symptoms to their thyroid condition. This review will summarize data on neuropsychiatric effects of hypothyroidism, and provide guidelines regarding the relationship between hypothyroidism and neuropsychiatric issues, and treatment indications.
    Recent findings: Clinical investigations and functional imaging studies confirm that overt hypothyroidism is associated with affective and cognitive decrements, largely reversible with treatment. In contrast, subclinical hypothyroidism is not associated with major neuropsychiatric deficits, although studies utilizing sensitive measures show small deficits in memory and executive function. Neuropsychiatric complaints are more common when patients are aware of their thyroid disease, regardless of their thyroid function at the time of testing.
    Summary: Neuropsychiatric dysfunction is common in overt hypothyroidism and will improve (perhaps not completely resolve) with therapy. Deficits related to thyroid dysfunction are usually mild in subclinical hypothyroidism, and realistic expectations need to be set regarding symptom reversibility with treatment. Patients with mild hypothyroidism and significant distress related to neuropsychiatric symptoms, most likely, have independent diagnoses that should be evaluated separately.
    MeSH term(s) Cognition Disorders/etiology ; Cognition Disorders/physiopathology ; Cognition Disorders/prevention & control ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Executive Function ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism/complications ; Hypothyroidism/physiopathology ; Hypothyroidism/psychology ; Memory Disorders/etiology ; Memory Disorders/physiopathology ; Memory Disorders/prevention & control ; Mood Disorders/etiology ; Mood Disorders/physiopathology ; Mood Disorders/prevention & control ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroxine/administration & dosage
    Chemical Substances Thyroxine (Q51BO43MG4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-08-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2272017-0
    ISSN 1752-2978 ; 1752-296X
    ISSN (online) 1752-2978
    ISSN 1752-296X
    DOI 10.1097/MED.0000000000000089
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  7. Article ; Online: Subacute, silent, and postpartum thyroiditis.

    Samuels, Mary H

    The Medical clinics of North America

    2012  Volume 96, Issue 2, Page(s) 223–233

    Abstract: Subacute, silent, and postpartum thyroiditis are temporary forms of thyroid dysfunction caused by thyroid gland inflammation. They classically present with a triphasic course: a brief period of thyrotoxicosis due to release of preformed thyroid hormone ... ...

    Abstract Subacute, silent, and postpartum thyroiditis are temporary forms of thyroid dysfunction caused by thyroid gland inflammation. They classically present with a triphasic course: a brief period of thyrotoxicosis due to release of preformed thyroid hormone that lasts for 1 to 3 months, followed by a more prolonged hypothyroid phase lasting up to 6 months, and eventual return to a euthyroid state. However, the types and degree of thyroid dysfunction are variable in these disorders, and individual patients may present with mild or more severe cases of thyrotoxicosis alone, hypothyroidism alone, or both types of thyroid dysfunction.
    MeSH term(s) Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Puerperal Disorders/diagnosis ; Puerperal Disorders/therapy ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/diagnosis ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/therapy ; Thyroiditis, Subacute/diagnosis ; Thyroiditis, Subacute/therapy ; Thyroiditis, Suppurative/diagnosis ; Thyroiditis, Suppurative/therapy ; Women's Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 215710-x
    ISSN 1557-9859 ; 0025-7125
    ISSN (online) 1557-9859
    ISSN 0025-7125
    DOI 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.01.003
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  8. Article ; Online: Cognitive function in subclinical hypothyroidism.

    Samuels, Mary H

    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

    2010  Volume 95, Issue 8, Page(s) 3611–3613

    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cognition/physiology ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism/blood ; Hypothyroidism/physiopathology ; Hypothyroidism/psychology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Thyrotropin/blood
    Chemical Substances Thyrotropin (9002-71-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Editorial
    ZDB-ID 3029-6
    ISSN 1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
    ISSN (online) 1945-7197
    ISSN 0021-972X
    DOI 10.1210/jc.2010-1242
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  9. Article ; Online: Cognitive function in untreated hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

    Samuels, Mary H

    Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity

    2008  Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) 429–433

    Abstract: Purpose of review: The brain is an important target organ for thyroid hormone, and alterations in mood and cognition may occur with thyroid dysfunction. Recent advances in the field of cognitive neurosciences have allowed more sensitive and focused ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: The brain is an important target organ for thyroid hormone, and alterations in mood and cognition may occur with thyroid dysfunction. Recent advances in the field of cognitive neurosciences have allowed more sensitive and focused testing of cognitive domains in patients with altered thyroid function.
    Recent findings: Based on recent population-based studies, there do not appear to be major deficits in cognitive functioning in overt or subclinical thyroid disease. However, interventional and functional imaging studies suggest that subtle deficits in specific cognitive domains probably do exist. The most commonly affected domains are working memory and executive function. Also present are alterations in mood, manifested by increased rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms.
    Summary: Patients with overt or subclinical thyroid dysfunction commonly complain of decrements in cognitive function, but studies suggest that such decrements are most likely to be minor or not related to the thyroid dysfunction. More common are mood alterations, which often improve with treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders/etiology ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism/complications ; Hyperthyroidism/drug therapy ; Hypothyroidism/complications ; Hypothyroidism/drug therapy ; Thyroid Function Tests
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2272017-0
    ISSN 1752-2978 ; 1752-296X
    ISSN (online) 1752-2978
    ISSN 1752-296X
    DOI 10.1097/MED.0b013e32830eb84c
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  10. Article ; Online: Effects of Altering Levothyroxine Dose on Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Subjects Treated With LT4.

    Samuels, Mary H / Kolobova, Irina / Niederhausen, Meike / Purnell, Jonathan Q / Schuff, Kathryn G

    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

    2018  Volume 103, Issue 11, Page(s) 4163–4175

    Abstract: Background: It is unclear whether variations in thyroid status within or near the reference range affect energy expenditure, body mass, or body composition.: Methods: 138 subjects treated with levothyroxine (LT4) for hypothyroidism with normal TSH ... ...

    Abstract Background: It is unclear whether variations in thyroid status within or near the reference range affect energy expenditure, body mass, or body composition.
    Methods: 138 subjects treated with levothyroxine (LT4) for hypothyroidism with normal TSH levels underwent measurement of total, resting, and physical activity energy expenditure; thermic effect of food; substrate oxidation; dietary intake; and body composition. They were assigned to receive an unchanged, higher, or lower LT4 dose in randomized, double-blind fashion, targeting one of three TSH ranges (0.34 to 2.50, 2.51 to 5.60, or 5.61 to 12.0 mU/L). The doses were adjusted every 6 weeks to achieve target TSH levels. Baseline measures were reassessed at 6 months.
    Results: At study end, the mean LT4 doses and TSH levels were 1.50 ± 0.07, 1.32 ± 0.07, and 0.78 ± 0.08 µg/kg (P < 0.001) and 1.85 ± 0.25, 3.93 ± 0.38, and 9.49 ± 0.80 mU/L (P < 0.001), respectively, in the three arms. No substantial metabolic differences in outcome were found among the three arms, although direct correlations were observed between decreases in thyroid status and decreases in resting energy expenditure for all subjects. The subjects could not ascertain how their LT4 dose had been adjusted but the preferred LT4 dose they perceived to be higher (P < 0.001).
    Conclusions: Altering LT4 doses in subjects with hypothyroidism to vary TSH levels in and near the reference range did not have major effects on energy expenditure or body composition. Subjects treated with LT4 preferred the perceived higher LT4 doses despite a lack of objective effect. Our data do not support adjusting LT4 doses in patients with hypothyroidism to achieve potential improvements in weight or body composition.
    MeSH term(s) Body Composition/drug effects ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Double-Blind Method ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy/methods ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism/blood ; Hypothyroidism/drug therapy ; Hypothyroidism/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reference Values ; Thyroid Gland/metabolism ; Thyroid Gland/physiopathology ; Thyroxine/administration & dosage ; Thyroxine/blood ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Thyroxine (Q51BO43MG4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 3029-6
    ISSN 1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
    ISSN (online) 1945-7197
    ISSN 0021-972X
    DOI 10.1210/jc.2018-01203
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