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Article ; Online: Neurometabolite changes in response to antidepressant medication: A systematic review of

Boucherie, Daphne E / Reneman, Liesbeth / Ruhé, Henricus G / Schrantee, Anouk

2023 Volume 40, Page(s) 103517

Abstract: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and (es)ketamine are used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). These different types of medication may involve common neural pathways related ... ...

Abstract	Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and (es)ketamine are used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). These different types of medication may involve common neural pathways related to glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems, both of which have been implicated in MDD pathology. We conducted a systematic review of pharmacological proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnostic imaging ; Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy ; Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Ketamine/pharmacology ; Ketamine/therapeutic use ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ; Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors ; Ketamine (690G0D6V8H) ; Antidepressive Agents ; Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2701571-3
ISSN	2213-1582 ; 2213-1582
ISSN (online)	2213-1582
ISSN	2213-1582
DOI	10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103517
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Article ; Online: Modulation of functional networks related to the serotonin neurotransmitter system by citalopram: Evidence from a multimodal neuroimaging study.

Boucherie, Daphne E / Reneman, Liesbeth / Booij, Jan / Martins, Daniel / Dipasquale, Ottavia / Schrantee, Anouk

Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)

2023 Volume 37, Issue 12, Page(s) 1209–1217

Abstract: Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) potentiate serotonergic neurotransmission by blocking the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), but the functional brain response to SSRIs involves neural circuits beyond regions with high 5-HTT ... ...

Abstract	Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) potentiate serotonergic neurotransmission by blocking the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), but the functional brain response to SSRIs involves neural circuits beyond regions with high 5-HTT expression. Currently, it is unclear whether and how changes in 5-HTT availability after SSRI administration modulate brain function of key serotoninergic circuits, including those characterized by high availability of the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1AR). Aim: We investigated the association between 5-HTT availability and 5-HTT- and 5-HT1AR-enriched functional connectivity (FC) after an acute citalopram challenge. Methods: We analyzed multimodal data from a dose-response, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, in which 45 healthy women were randomized into three groups receiving placebo, a low (4 mg), or high (16 mg) oral dose of citalopram. Receptor-Enhanced Analysis of functional Connectivity by Targets was used to estimate 5-HTT- and 5-HT1AR-enriched FC from resting-state and task-based fMRI. 5-HTT availability was determined using [ Results: 5-HTT availability was negatively correlated with resting-state 5-HTT-enriched FC, and with task-dependent 5-HT1AR-enriched FC. Our exploratory analyses revealed lower 5-HT1AR-enriched FC in the low-dose group compared to the high-dose group at rest and the placebo group during the emotional face-matching task. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings provide evidence for differential links between 5-HTT availability and brain function within 5-HTT and 5-HT1AR pathways and in context- and dose-dependent manner. As such, they support a potential pivotal role of the 5-HT1AR in the effects of citalopram on the brain and add to its potential as a therapeutic avenue for mood and anxiety disturbances.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Citalopram ; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Neuroimaging/methods ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Citalopram (0DHU5B8D6V) ; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ; Serotonin (333DO1RDJY) ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639313-5
ISSN	1461-7285 ; 0269-8811
ISSN (online)	1461-7285
ISSN	0269-8811
DOI	10.1177/02698811231211154
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Article ; Online: Effects of a single-dose methylphenidate challenge on resting-state functional connectivity in stimulant-treatment naive children and adults with ADHD.

Kaiser, Antonia / Broeder, Caroline / Cohen, Jessica R / Douw, Linda / Reneman, Liesbeth / Schrantee, Anouk

Human brain mapping

2022 Volume 43, Issue 15, Page(s) 4664–4675

Abstract: Prior studies suggest that methylphenidate, the primary pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), alters functional brain connectivity. As the neurotransmitter systems targeted by methylphenidate undergo significant ... ...

Abstract	Prior studies suggest that methylphenidate, the primary pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), alters functional brain connectivity. As the neurotransmitter systems targeted by methylphenidate undergo significant alterations throughout development, the effects of methylphenidate on functional connectivity may also be modulated by age. Therefore, we assessed the effects of a single methylphenidate challenge on brain network connectivity in stimulant-treatment naïve children and adults with ADHD. We obtained resting-state functional MRI from 50 boys (10-12 years of age) and 49 men (23-40 years of age) with ADHD (DSM IV, all subtypes), before and after an oral challenge with 0.5 mg/kg methylphenidate; and from 11 boys and 12 men as typically developing controls. Connectivity strength (CS), eigenvector centrality (EC), and betweenness centrality (BC) were calculated for the striatum, thalamus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). In line with our hypotheses, we found that methylphenidate decreased measures of connectivity and centrality in the striatum and thalamus in children with ADHD, but increased the same metrics in adults with ADHD. Surprisingly, we found no major effects of methylphenidate in the dACC and PFC in either children or adults. Interestingly, pre-methylphenidate, participants with ADHD showed aberrant connectivity and centrality compared to controls predominantly in frontal regions. Our findings demonstrate that methylphenidate's effects on connectivity of subcortical regions are age-dependent in stimulant-treatment naïve participants with ADHD, likely due to ongoing maturation of dopamine and noradrenaline systems. These findings highlight the importance for future studies to take a developmental perspective when studying the effects of methylphenidate treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnostic imaging ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Brain ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use ; Child ; Dopamine ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Methylphenidate/pharmacology ; Methylphenidate/therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Norepinephrine
Chemical Substances	Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Methylphenidate (207ZZ9QZ49) ; Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X) ; Norepinephrine (X4W3ENH1CV)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1197207-5
ISSN	1097-0193 ; 1065-9471
ISSN (online)	1097-0193
ISSN	1065-9471
DOI	10.1002/hbm.25981
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Article ; Online: Treatment Response Prediction in Major Depressive Disorder Using Multimodal MRI and Clinical Data: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Poirot, Maarten G / Ruhe, Henricus G / Mutsaerts, Henk-Jan M M / Maximov, Ivan I / Groote, Inge R / Bjørnerud, Atle / Marquering, Henk A / Reneman, Liesbeth / Caan, Matthan W A

The American journal of psychiatry

2024 Volume 181, Issue 3, Page(s) 223–233

Abstract: Objective: Response to antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder varies substantially between individuals, which lengthens the process of finding effective treatment. The authors sought to determine whether a multimodal machine learning ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Response to antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder varies substantially between individuals, which lengthens the process of finding effective treatment. The authors sought to determine whether a multimodal machine learning approach could predict early sertraline response in patients with major depressive disorder. They assessed the predictive contribution of MR neuroimaging and clinical assessments at baseline and after 1 week of treatment. Methods: This was a preregistered secondary analysis of data from the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study, a multisite double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial that included 296 adult outpatients with unmedicated recurrent or chronic major depressive disorder. MR neuroimaging and clinical data were collected before and after 1 week of treatment. Performance in predicting response and remission, collected after 8 weeks, was quantified using balanced accuracy (bAcc) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) scores. Results: A total of 229 patients were included in the analyses (mean age, 38 years [SD=13]; 66% female). Internal cross-validation performance in predicting response to sertraline (bAcc=68% [SD=10], AUROC=0.73 [SD=0.03]) was significantly better than chance. External cross-validation on data from placebo nonresponders (bAcc=62%, AUROC=0.66) and placebo nonresponders who were switched to sertraline (bAcc=65%, AUROC=0.68) resulted in differences that suggest specificity for sertraline treatment compared with placebo treatment. Finally, multimodal models outperformed unimodal models. Conclusions: The study results confirm that early sertraline treatment response can be predicted; that the models are sertraline specific compared with placebo; that prediction benefits from integrating multimodal MRI data with clinical data; and that perfusion imaging contributes most to these predictions. Using this approach, a lean and effective protocol could individualize sertraline treatment planning to improve psychiatric care.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Sertraline/therapeutic use ; Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnostic imaging ; Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy ; Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology ; Double-Blind Method ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Chemical Substances	Sertraline (QUC7NX6WMB) ; Antidepressive Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280045-7
ISSN	1535-7228 ; 0002-953X
ISSN (online)	1535-7228
ISSN	0002-953X
DOI	10.1176/appi.ajp.20230206
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Article ; Online: Psychoradiological Biomarkers for Psychopharmaceutical Effects.

Schrantee, Anouk / Ruhé, Henricus Gerardus / Reneman, Liesbeth

Neuroimaging clinics of North America

2019 Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 53–63

Abstract: The application of personalized medicine to psychiatry is challenging. Psychoradiology could provide biomarkers based on objective tests in support of the diagnostic classifications and treatment planning. We review potential psychoradiological ... ...

Abstract	The application of personalized medicine to psychiatry is challenging. Psychoradiology could provide biomarkers based on objective tests in support of the diagnostic classifications and treatment planning. We review potential psychoradiological biomarkers for psychopharmaceutical effects. Although none of the biomarkers reviewed are yet of sufficient clinical utility to inform the selection of a specific pharmacologic compound for an individual patient, there is strong consensus that advanced multimodal approaches will contribute to discovery of novel treatment predictors in psychiatric disorders. Progress has been sufficient to warrant enthusiasm, in which application of neuroimaging-based biomarkers would represent a paradigm shift and modernization of psychiatric practice.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnostic imaging ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Biomarkers ; Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnostic imaging ; Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Mental Disorders/drug therapy ; Neuroimaging/methods ; Precision Medicine ; Prognosis ; Psychiatry/methods ; Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use ; Radiology/methods
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Psychotropic Drugs
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1314594-0
ISSN	1557-9867 ; 1052-5149
ISSN (online)	1557-9867
ISSN	1052-5149
DOI	10.1016/j.nic.2019.09.006
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Article: Anxiety, Mental Stress, and Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Epidemiology, Possible Mechanisms and Future Research.

Batelaan, Neeltje M / Seldenrijk, Adrie / van den Heuvel, Odile A / van Balkom, Anton J L M / Kaiser, Antonia / Reneman, Liesbeth / Tan, Hanno L

Frontiers in psychiatry

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) 813518

Abstract: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in affluent societies, which underscores the need to identify persons at risk. The etiology of SCA is however complex, with predisposing and precipitating factors interacting. ... ...

Abstract	Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in affluent societies, which underscores the need to identify persons at risk. The etiology of SCA is however complex, with predisposing and precipitating factors interacting. Although anxiety and mental stress have been linked to SCA for decades, their precise role and impact remain unclear and the biological underpinnings are insufficiently understood. In this paper, we systematically reviewed various types of observational studies (total
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2021.813518
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Article ; Online: Imaging of the dopamine system with focus on pharmacological MRI and neuromelanin imaging.

Reneman, Liesbeth / van der Pluijm, Marieke / Schrantee, Anouk / van de Giessen, Elsmarieke

European journal of radiology

2021 Volume 140, Page(s) 109752

Abstract: The dopamine system in the brain is involved in a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and psychosis. Different aspects of the dopamine system can be visualized and ... ...

Abstract	The dopamine system in the brain is involved in a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and psychosis. Different aspects of the dopamine system can be visualized and measured with positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), including dopamine receptors, dopamine transporters, and dopamine release. New developments in MR imaging also provide proxy measures of the dopamine system in the brain, offering alternatives with the advantages MR imaging, i.e. no radiation, lower costs, usually less invasive and time consuming. This review will give an overview of these developments with a focus on the most developed techniques: pharmacological MRI (phMRI) and neuromelanin sensitive MRI (NM-MRI). PhMRI is a collective term for functional MRI techniques that administer a pharmacological challenge to assess its effects on brain hemodynamics. By doing so, it indirectly assesses brain neurotransmitter function such as dopamine function. NM-MRI is an upcoming MRI technique that enables in vivo visualization and semi-quantification of neuromelanin in the substantia nigra. Neuromelanin is located in the cell bodies of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway and can be used as a proxy measure for long term dopamine function or degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Both techniques are still primarily used in clinical research, but there is promise for clinical application, in particular for NM-MRI in dopaminergic neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-15
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	138815-0
ISSN	1872-7727 ; 0720-048X
ISSN (online)	1872-7727
ISSN	0720-048X
DOI	10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109752
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Article ; Online: Brain White Matter Microstructure as a Risk Factor for Cognitive Decline After Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer.

de Ruiter, Michiel B / Reneman, Liesbeth / Kieffer, Jacobien M / Oldenburg, Hester S A / Schagen, Sanne B

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

2021 Volume 39, Issue 35, Page(s) 3908–3917

Abstract: Purpose: Cognitive decline is frequently observed after chemotherapy. As chemotherapy is associated with changes in brain white matter microstructure, we investigated whether white matter microstructure before chemotherapy is a risk factor for cognitive ...

Abstract	Purpose: Cognitive decline is frequently observed after chemotherapy. As chemotherapy is associated with changes in brain white matter microstructure, we investigated whether white matter microstructure before chemotherapy is a risk factor for cognitive decline after chemotherapy. Methods: Neuropsychologic tests were administered before and 6 months (n = 49), 2 years (n = 32), and 3 years (n = 32) after chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy (BC + CT group), at matched intervals to patients with BC who did not receive systemic therapy (BC - CT group: n = 39, 23, and 19, respectively) and to no-cancer controls (NC group: n = 37, 29, and 28, respectively). Using multivariate normative comparison, we evaluated to what extent the cognitive profiles of patients deviated from those of controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA), derived from magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging, was used to measure white matter microstructure before treatment. FA was evaluated as a risk factor for cognitive decline, in addition to baseline age, fatigue, cognitive complaints, and premorbid intelligence quotient. We subsequently ran voxel-wise diffusion tensor imaging analyses to investigate white matter microstructure in specific nerve tracts. Results: Low FA independently predicted cognitive decline early (6 months, Conclusion: Low FA may reflect low white matter reserve. This may be a risk factor for cognitive decline after chemotherapy for BC. If validated in future trials, identification of patients with low white matter reserve could improve patient care, for example, by facilitating targeted, early interventions or even by influencing choices of patients and doctors for receiving chemotherapy.
MeSH term(s)	Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cognitive Dysfunction/chemically induced ; Cognitive Dysfunction/pathology ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; White Matter/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604914-x
ISSN	1527-7755 ; 0732-183X
ISSN (online)	1527-7755
ISSN	0732-183X
DOI	10.1200/JCO.21.00627
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Zs.A 1847: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Brain Differences in Adolescents Living With Perinatally Acquired HIV Compared With Adoption Status Matched Controls: A Cross-sectional Study.

van Genderen, Jason G / Chia, Cecilia / Van den Hof, Malon / Mutsaerts, Henk J M M / Reneman, Liesbeth / Pajkrt, Dasja / Schrantee, Anouk

Neurology

2022 Volume 99, Issue 15, Page(s) e1676–e1684

Abstract: Background and objectives: Despite effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) exhibit cognitive impairment, of which structural changes could be the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism. Prior ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Despite effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) exhibit cognitive impairment, of which structural changes could be the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism. Prior MRI studies found lower brain volumes, higher white matter (WM) hyperintensity (WMH) volume, lower WM integrity, and differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, these findings may be confounded by adoption status, as a large portion of adolescents with PHIV have been adopted. Adoption has been associated with malnutrition and neglect, which, in turn, may have affected brain development. We investigated the long-term effects of PHIV on the brain, while minimizing the confounding effect of adoption status. Methods: We determined whole-brain gray matter (GM) and WM volume with 3D T1-weighted scans; total WMH volume with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; CBF in the following regions of interest (ROIs): WM, GM, and subcortical GM with arterial spin labeling; and whole-brain WM microstructural markers: fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) with diffusion tensor imaging in cART-treated adolescents with PHIV visiting our outpatient clinic in Amsterdam and controls matched for age, sex, ethnic origin, socioeconomic status, and adoption status. We assessed differences in neuroimaging parameters between adolescents with PHIV and controls using linear regression models adjusted for age and sex and applied multiple comparison correction. Results: Thirty-five adolescents with PHIV and 38 controls were included with a median age of 14.9 (interquartile range [IQR]: 10.7-18.5) and 15.6 (IQR: 11.1-17.6) years, respectively, with a similar rate of adoption. We found a lower overall FA (beta = -0.012; Discussion: Irrespective of adoption status, adolescents with PHIV exhibited subtle lower WM integrity. Our findings may point toward early-acquired WM microstructural alterations associated with HIV.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Child ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging ; HIV Infections/diagnostic imaging ; HIV Infections/drug therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207147-2
ISSN	1526-632X ; 0028-3878
ISSN (online)	1526-632X
ISSN	0028-3878
DOI	10.1212/WNL.0000000000200946
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Article ; Online: A comparison of how deep brain stimulation in two targets with anti-compulsive efficacy modulates brain activity using fMRI in awake rats.

Derksen, Maik / Zuidinga, Birte / van der Veer, Marijke / Rhemrev, Valerie / Jolink, Linda / Reneman, Liesbeth / Nederveen, Aart / Forstmann, Birte / Feenstra, Matthijs / Willuhn, Ingo / Denys, Damiaan

Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging

2023 Volume 330, Page(s) 111611

Abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established neuromodulatory intervention against otherwise treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Several DBS targets, all of which are part of brain networks connecting basal ganglia and prefrontal ... ...

Abstract	Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established neuromodulatory intervention against otherwise treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Several DBS targets, all of which are part of brain networks connecting basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex, alleviate OCD symptoms. Stimulation of these targets is thought to unfold its therapeutic effect by modulation of network activity through internal capsule (IC) connections. Research into DBS-induced network changes and the nature of IC-related effects of DBS in OCD is needed to further improve DBS. Here, we studied the effects of DBS at the ventral medial striatum (VMS) and IC on blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in awake rats using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). BOLD-signal intensity was measured in five regions of interest (ROIs): medial and orbital prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens (NAc), IC area, and mediodorsal thalamus. In previous rodent studies, stimulation at both target locations resulted in a reduction of OCD-like behavior and activation of prefrontal cortical areas. Therefore, we hypothesized that stimulation at both targets would result in partially overlapping BOLD responses. Both differential and overlapping activity between VMS and IC stimulation was found. Stimulating the caudal part of the IC resulted in activation around the electrode, while stimulating the rostral part of the IC resulted in increased cross-correlations between the IC area, orbitofrontal cortex, and NAc. Stimulation of the dorsal part of the VMS resulted in increased activity in the IC area, suggesting this area is activated during both VMS and IC stimulation. This activation is also indicative of VMS-DBS impacting corticofugal fibers running through the medial caudate into the anterior IC, and both VMS and IC DBS might act on these fibers to induce OCD-reducing effects. These results show that rodent fMRI with simultaneous electrode stimulation is a promising approach to study the neural mechanisms of DBS. Comparing the effects of DBS in different target areas has the potential to improve our understanding of the neuromodulatory changes that take place across various networks and connections in the brain. Performing this research in animal disease models will lead to translational insights in the mechanisms underlying DBS, and can aid improvement and optimization of DBS in patient populations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Deep Brain Stimulation ; Wakefulness ; Brain ; Nucleus Accumbens/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	445361-x
ISSN	1872-7506 ; 1872-7123 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
ISSN (online)	1872-7506 ; 1872-7123
ISSN	0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
DOI	10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111611
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